Effect of Gamma Irradiation Doses on Morphological and Biochemical Attributes of Grape Saplings
Affiliation(s)
Department of Crop Botany & Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Department of Crop Botany & Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
ABSTRACT
The demand of grape in Bangladesh is fulfilled through import from foreign countries. The fruits of local cultivars of grapes are sour and seeded. Development of seedless grape varieties having increased sweetness, higher yield with better nutritional quality is necessary to reduce the import dependency. The present research activities are the part of a grape improvement project. A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during June to November 2011 to determine the suitable gamma irradiation doses on growth, leaf area and biochemical characters of grape saplings. Three vegetative bud stages viz. bud initiation stage, 4-leaf stage and 8-leaf stage, and four doses of gamma irradiation viz. 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy were used as treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Different irradiation doses and vegetative bud stages showed significant variations in respect of plant growth characters, leaf area, soluble protein and total sugar content. Interaction effects also had significant variations on most of the parameters studied. Higher doses of gamma irradiation had showed detrimental effect on grape saplings. Generally, increased in irradiation doses showed decreased and detrimental effects on most of the parameters under study. Maximum numbers and length of roots, total dry matter, leaf area and chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content were found at 5 Gy irradiation dose. Total soluble protein and sugar content of leaf were found maximum at no irradiation and 15 Gy, respectively. Higher number of roots and length, total dry matter, leaf area, chlorophyll-a, and b and soluble protein content of leaf were observed at bud initiation stage while 8-leaf stage showed maximum total sugar of leaf. In the combined effect of gamma irradiation and vegetative bud stages, all parameters showed best results in 5 Gy with bud initiation stage except total sugar content of leaf.
The demand of grape in Bangladesh is fulfilled through import from foreign countries. The fruits of local cultivars of grapes are sour and seeded. Development of seedless grape varieties having increased sweetness, higher yield with better nutritional quality is necessary to reduce the import dependency. The present research activities are the part of a grape improvement project. A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, during June to November 2011 to determine the suitable gamma irradiation doses on growth, leaf area and biochemical characters of grape saplings. Three vegetative bud stages viz. bud initiation stage, 4-leaf stage and 8-leaf stage, and four doses of gamma irradiation viz. 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy were used as treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Different irradiation doses and vegetative bud stages showed significant variations in respect of plant growth characters, leaf area, soluble protein and total sugar content. Interaction effects also had significant variations on most of the parameters studied. Higher doses of gamma irradiation had showed detrimental effect on grape saplings. Generally, increased in irradiation doses showed decreased and detrimental effects on most of the parameters under study. Maximum numbers and length of roots, total dry matter, leaf area and chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b content were found at 5 Gy irradiation dose. Total soluble protein and sugar content of leaf were found maximum at no irradiation and 15 Gy, respectively. Higher number of roots and length, total dry matter, leaf area, chlorophyll-a, and b and soluble protein content of leaf were observed at bud initiation stage while 8-leaf stage showed maximum total sugar of leaf. In the combined effect of gamma irradiation and vegetative bud stages, all parameters showed best results in 5 Gy with bud initiation stage except total sugar content of leaf.
KEYWORDS
Grape Sapling, Gamma Irradiation, Morphological and Biochemical Parameters, Leaf Area, Soluble Protein
Grape Sapling, Gamma Irradiation, Morphological and Biochemical Parameters, Leaf Area, Soluble Protein
Cite this paper
Islam, A. , Islam, M. , Hasan, M. and Hasan, M. (2015) Effect of Gamma Irradiation Doses on Morphological and Biochemical Attributes of Grape Saplings. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 505-512. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.65050.
Islam, A. , Islam, M. , Hasan, M. and Hasan, M. (2015) Effect of Gamma Irradiation Doses on Morphological and Biochemical Attributes of Grape Saplings. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 505-512. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.65050.
References
[1] Olmo, H.P. (1976) Origin and Distribution of Grapes. In: Simmonds, N.W., Ed., Evolution of Crop Plants, Longman, London and New York, 294-298. [2] Wang, Y., Chen, J., Lu, J. and Lamikanra, O. (1999) Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Vitis Species and Florida Bunch Grapes. Scientia Horticulturae, 82, 87.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00049-7 [3] Mondal, M.F. and Amin, M.R. (1990) Pholer Bagan. Club Building (1st Floor), BAU Campus, Mymensingh, 193-238. [4] FAO (2001) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2, 111-114. [5] Nuruzzaman, M. (1996) Grape Production Technology (in Bengali). Deraj Printers. Arambagh, Dhaka, 1-43. [6] Siddique, A.B. and Scanlan, F.M. (1995) Nutritive Values of Fruit. In: Fruit Production Manual. Horticulture Research Development Project. (FAO/UNDP/ASDB) Project: BGD 1871025, 1-286. [7] Ahmed, K.U. (1976) Flowers, Fruit and Vegetable. 3rd Edition, Alhaj Kasimuddin Ahmed, Bungalow No. 2, Farm Gait, Dhaka-15, Bangladesh, 416 p. [8] Perez-Magarino, S., Ortega-Heras, M., Cano-Mozo, E. and Gonzalez-Sanjose, M.L. (2009) The Influence of Oak Wood Chips, Micro-Oxygenation Treatment, and Grape Variety on Colour, and Anthocyanin and Phenolic Composition of Red Wines. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22, 204-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.09.006 [9] Downey, M.O., Dokoozlian, N.K. and Krstic, M.P. (2006) Cultural Practice and Environmental Impacts on the Flavonoid Composition of Grapes and Wine—A Review of Recent Research. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 57, 257-268. [10] Petropoulos, S., Kallithraka, S. and Paraskevopoulos, I. (2011) Influence of Some Viticultural Practices on the Polyphenolic Content of Wines Produced from cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 45, 235-243. [11] Prado, R.A., Yuste-Rojas, M., Sort, X., Andrea-Lacueva, C., Torres, M. and Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (2007) Effect of Soil Type on Wines Produced from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache in Commercial Vineyards. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 779-786.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf062446q [12] Jackson, D.I. and Lombard, P.B. (1993) Environmental and Management Practices Affecting Grape Composition and Wine Quality—A Review. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 44, 409-430. [13] UNDP and FAO (1988) Land Resources Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Report No. 2. Agro-Ecological Region of Bangladesh. United Nations Development Program in Food and Agriculture Organization, 212-221. [14] Arnon, D.I. (1949) Copper Enzymes in Isolated Chloroplasts. Poly Phenoloxidase iso Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1 [15] Russel, D.G. (1986) MSTAT-C Package Program. Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University, USA. [16] Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agriculture Research. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 640 p. [17] Charbaji, T. and Nabulsi, I. (1999) Effect of Low Doses of Gamma Irradiation on in Vitro Growth of Grapevine. Plant cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 57, 129-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006360513965 [18] Lima, D.S.A. and Doazan, J.P. (1995) Gamma Ray Mutagenesis on Grapevine Rootstocks Cultivated in Vitro. Journal of International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 29, 1-9.
[1] Olmo, H.P. (1976) Origin and Distribution of Grapes. In: Simmonds, N.W., Ed., Evolution of Crop Plants, Longman, London and New York, 294-298. [2] Wang, Y., Chen, J., Lu, J. and Lamikanra, O. (1999) Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Vitis Species and Florida Bunch Grapes. Scientia Horticulturae, 82, 87.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00049-7 [3] Mondal, M.F. and Amin, M.R. (1990) Pholer Bagan. Club Building (1st Floor), BAU Campus, Mymensingh, 193-238. [4] FAO (2001) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 2, 111-114. [5] Nuruzzaman, M. (1996) Grape Production Technology (in Bengali). Deraj Printers. Arambagh, Dhaka, 1-43. [6] Siddique, A.B. and Scanlan, F.M. (1995) Nutritive Values of Fruit. In: Fruit Production Manual. Horticulture Research Development Project. (FAO/UNDP/ASDB) Project: BGD 1871025, 1-286. [7] Ahmed, K.U. (1976) Flowers, Fruit and Vegetable. 3rd Edition, Alhaj Kasimuddin Ahmed, Bungalow No. 2, Farm Gait, Dhaka-15, Bangladesh, 416 p. [8] Perez-Magarino, S., Ortega-Heras, M., Cano-Mozo, E. and Gonzalez-Sanjose, M.L. (2009) The Influence of Oak Wood Chips, Micro-Oxygenation Treatment, and Grape Variety on Colour, and Anthocyanin and Phenolic Composition of Red Wines. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22, 204-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.09.006 [9] Downey, M.O., Dokoozlian, N.K. and Krstic, M.P. (2006) Cultural Practice and Environmental Impacts on the Flavonoid Composition of Grapes and Wine—A Review of Recent Research. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 57, 257-268. [10] Petropoulos, S., Kallithraka, S. and Paraskevopoulos, I. (2011) Influence of Some Viticultural Practices on the Polyphenolic Content of Wines Produced from cv. Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 45, 235-243. [11] Prado, R.A., Yuste-Rojas, M., Sort, X., Andrea-Lacueva, C., Torres, M. and Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (2007) Effect of Soil Type on Wines Produced from Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache in Commercial Vineyards. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 779-786.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf062446q [12] Jackson, D.I. and Lombard, P.B. (1993) Environmental and Management Practices Affecting Grape Composition and Wine Quality—A Review. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 44, 409-430. [13] UNDP and FAO (1988) Land Resources Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Report No. 2. Agro-Ecological Region of Bangladesh. United Nations Development Program in Food and Agriculture Organization, 212-221. [14] Arnon, D.I. (1949) Copper Enzymes in Isolated Chloroplasts. Poly Phenoloxidase iso Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.1.1 [15] Russel, D.G. (1986) MSTAT-C Package Program. Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University, USA. [16] Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agriculture Research. 2nd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 640 p. [17] Charbaji, T. and Nabulsi, I. (1999) Effect of Low Doses of Gamma Irradiation on in Vitro Growth of Grapevine. Plant cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 57, 129-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006360513965 [18] Lima, D.S.A. and Doazan, J.P. (1995) Gamma Ray Mutagenesis on Grapevine Rootstocks Cultivated in Vitro. Journal of International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 29, 1-9.