Etiology Profile of the Patients Implanted in the Cochlear Implant Program
ABSTRACT
Hearing loss in children constitutes a considerable handicap because it is an invisible disability and compromises optimal development and personal achievement of a child. The period from birth to 5 years of life is critical for the development of speech and language; therefore, there is need for early identification and assessment of hearing loss and early rehabilitation in infants and children. Cochlear implants are the treatment of choice for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The goal of the present study was to investigate the different hearing impairment etiologies of patients implanted in cochlear implant program. The hospital based interventional study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur from July 2011 to Dec. 2013. Present study included 60 prelingually deafened patients who attended ENT OPD and underwent cochlear implant. The most common cause of deafness in our study was acquired (56.66%), which predominantly included perinatal risk factors (64.70%), followed by prenatal risk factors (41.17%). The second common cause was hereditary (26.66%), followed by unknown (16.66%). Infection and ototoxic drug history were the most common risk factors in prenatal and postnatal group. The most common perinatal cause was low birth weight and prematurity.
Hearing loss in children constitutes a considerable handicap because it is an invisible disability and compromises optimal development and personal achievement of a child. The period from birth to 5 years of life is critical for the development of speech and language; therefore, there is need for early identification and assessment of hearing loss and early rehabilitation in infants and children. Cochlear implants are the treatment of choice for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The goal of the present study was to investigate the different hearing impairment etiologies of patients implanted in cochlear implant program. The hospital based interventional study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur from July 2011 to Dec. 2013. Present study included 60 prelingually deafened patients who attended ENT OPD and underwent cochlear implant. The most common cause of deafness in our study was acquired (56.66%), which predominantly included perinatal risk factors (64.70%), followed by prenatal risk factors (41.17%). The second common cause was hereditary (26.66%), followed by unknown (16.66%). Infection and ototoxic drug history were the most common risk factors in prenatal and postnatal group. The most common perinatal cause was low birth weight and prematurity.
KEYWORDS
Hearing Impairment, Cochlear Implant, Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Familial Hearing Loss, Syndromic Hearing Loss
Hearing Impairment, Cochlear Implant, Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss, Familial Hearing Loss, Syndromic Hearing Loss
Cite this paper
Mali, S. , Sonkhya, D. , Grover, M. and Sonkhya, N. (2015) Etiology Profile of the Patients Implanted in the Cochlear Implant Program. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 4, 265-272. doi: 10.4236/ijohns.2015.43045.
Mali, S. , Sonkhya, D. , Grover, M. and Sonkhya, N. (2015) Etiology Profile of the Patients Implanted in the Cochlear Implant Program. International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 4, 265-272. doi: 10.4236/ijohns.2015.43045.
References
[1] Ferreira, C.C.M.D., Lima, J.L.R.P., et al. (2011) Etiology Profile of the Patients Implanted in the Cochlear Implant Program. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 77, 13-18. [2] Mathew, I.E., Sasikumaran, S. and Indira, D.S. (2000) A Clinical Study on Congenital and Neonatal Deafness. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 52, 242-245. [3] Taylor, I.G. (1980) The Prevention of Sensorineural Deafness. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 94, 1327-1343. [4] Fisch, I.G., Hine, W.D. and Brascer, V.J. (1975) A Study of the Causes of Hearing Loss in a Population of Deaf Children with Special Reference to Genetic Factors. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 89, 899-914.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022215100081184 [5] Billings, K.R. and Kenna, M.A. (1999) Causes of Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Yesterday and Today. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 125, 517-521.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.125.5.517 [6] Fraser, G.R., Froggatt, P. and James, T.N. (1964) Congenital Deafness Associated with Electrocardiographic Abnormalities, Fainting Attacks and Sudden Death. Quart J Med, 33, 361-385. [7] Strauss, M. (1990) Human Cytomegalovirus Labyrinthitis. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 11, 292-329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-0709(90)90057-3 [8] Martin, J.A.M. (1982) Aetiological Factors Relating to Childhood Deafness in the European Community. Audiology, 21, 149-158.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00206098209072735 [9] Davis, A.C., Wood (1992) The Epidemiology of Childhood Hearing Impairment: Factors Relevant to Planning of Services. British Journal of Audiology, 26, 77-90. [10] Dodge, P.R., Davis, H., Feigin, R.D., et al. (1984) Prospective Evaluation of Hearing Impairment as a Sequela of Acute Bacterial Meningitis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 311, 869-874. [11] Bergman, L., Hirsch, R.P., Fria, T.J., Shapiro, S.M., Holzman, I. and Painter, M.J. (1985) Cause of Hearing Loss in the High-Risk Premature Infant. The Journal of Pediatrics, 106, 95-101.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80476-5 [12] Zanhert, T. (2011) The Differential Diagnosis of Hearing Loss. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 108, 433-444. [13] Zeitler, D.M., Anwar, A., et al. (2012) Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deafened Adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 166, 35-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.574 [14] Singh, M., Gupta, S.C. and Singla, A. (2009) Assessment of Deafmute Patients: A Study of Ten Years. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 61, 19-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-009-0027-3 [15] S2-Leitlinie (2011) Periphere Horstorungen im Kindesalter. AWMF-Register Number 049/010, Stand 02/2005. www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/049-0101.pdf [16] Ptok, M. and Ptok, A. (2001) Formen kindlicher Schwerhorigkeit. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd, 149, 870-876.
[1] Ferreira, C.C.M.D., Lima, J.L.R.P., et al. (2011) Etiology Profile of the Patients Implanted in the Cochlear Implant Program. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 77, 13-18. [2] Mathew, I.E., Sasikumaran, S. and Indira, D.S. (2000) A Clinical Study on Congenital and Neonatal Deafness. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 52, 242-245. [3] Taylor, I.G. (1980) The Prevention of Sensorineural Deafness. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 94, 1327-1343. [4] Fisch, I.G., Hine, W.D. and Brascer, V.J. (1975) A Study of the Causes of Hearing Loss in a Population of Deaf Children with Special Reference to Genetic Factors. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 89, 899-914.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022215100081184 [5] Billings, K.R. and Kenna, M.A. (1999) Causes of Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Yesterday and Today. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 125, 517-521.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.125.5.517 [6] Fraser, G.R., Froggatt, P. and James, T.N. (1964) Congenital Deafness Associated with Electrocardiographic Abnormalities, Fainting Attacks and Sudden Death. Quart J Med, 33, 361-385. [7] Strauss, M. (1990) Human Cytomegalovirus Labyrinthitis. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 11, 292-329.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-0709(90)90057-3 [8] Martin, J.A.M. (1982) Aetiological Factors Relating to Childhood Deafness in the European Community. Audiology, 21, 149-158.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00206098209072735 [9] Davis, A.C., Wood (1992) The Epidemiology of Childhood Hearing Impairment: Factors Relevant to Planning of Services. British Journal of Audiology, 26, 77-90. [10] Dodge, P.R., Davis, H., Feigin, R.D., et al. (1984) Prospective Evaluation of Hearing Impairment as a Sequela of Acute Bacterial Meningitis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 311, 869-874. [11] Bergman, L., Hirsch, R.P., Fria, T.J., Shapiro, S.M., Holzman, I. and Painter, M.J. (1985) Cause of Hearing Loss in the High-Risk Premature Infant. The Journal of Pediatrics, 106, 95-101.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80476-5 [12] Zanhert, T. (2011) The Differential Diagnosis of Hearing Loss. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 108, 433-444. [13] Zeitler, D.M., Anwar, A., et al. (2012) Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deafened Adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 166, 35-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.574 [14] Singh, M., Gupta, S.C. and Singla, A. (2009) Assessment of Deafmute Patients: A Study of Ten Years. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 61, 19-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-009-0027-3 [15] S2-Leitlinie (2011) Periphere Horstorungen im Kindesalter. AWMF-Register Number 049/010, Stand 02/2005. www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/049-0101.pdf [16] Ptok, M. and Ptok, A. (2001) Formen kindlicher Schwerhorigkeit. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd, 149, 870-876.