[1] Omer, G.E. (2009) Impact of Land Use Changes on Vegetation Cover and Sustainable Livelihoods along the Banks of Niles at Khartoum State. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Forest Protection and Conservation, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 101.
[2] Burchinal, L.S. (1989) Lecture Notes and Steps in Conducting a Survey. Presented at the 2nd Annual Forestry Extension Workshop on the Methodologies and Techniques in Conductive Forestry Extension Program in Sudan.
[3] FAO (1997) State of the World’s Forest. Situation and Prospects for Forest Conservation and Development, Rome.
[4] FNC (2003) Progress and Issues Related to Implementation of IPF/IFF Proposals for Action. National Report to the Fifth Session of the United Nations Forum on Forests, Khartoum.
[5] Khaleel, A.M. (2000) Land Use in Jebal Awlia in Sudan. M.Sc. Thesis, Nelain University, Department of Geography, Khartoum, 67.
[6] Ghenaim, Z.A. (1971) Study on the Impact of the Natural and Human Entity in Land Use in District of Albotana, Sudan. (In Arabic)
[7] Mohamed, G.E. (2008) Socioeconomic Aspects of Natural Vegetation Cover Affecting Rural Communities Sustainable Livelihood. Case Study, North White Nile State, Sudan.
[8] Foley, J.A., DeFries, R., Asner, G.P., Barford, C., Bonan, G., Carpenter, S.R., Chapin, F.S., Coe, M.T., Daily, G.C. and Gibbs, H.K. (2005) Global Consequences of Land Use. Science, 309, 570-574.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1111772
[9] Penner, J.E. (1994) Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Quality. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective, 175-209.
[10] Sala, O.E., Chapin III, F.S., Armesto, J.J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., Huber-Sanwald, E., Huenneke, L.F., Jackson, R.B. and Kinzig, A. (2000) Global Biodiversity Scenarios for the Year 2100. Science, 287, 1770-1774.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1770
[11] Tolba, M.K. (1984) A Harvest of Dust? Environmental Conservation, 11, 1-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0376892900013424
[12] Stimson, H.C., Breshears, D.D., Ustin, S.L. and Kefauver, S.C. (2005) Spectral Sensing of Foliar Water Conditions in Two Co-Occurring Conifer Species: Pinus edulis and Juniperus monosperma. Remote Sensing of Environment, 96, 108-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.007
[13] Bao, L. and Cui, Y. (2005) Prediction of the Phenotypic Effects of Non-Synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Structural and Evolutionary Information. Bioinformatics, 21, 2185-2190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti365
[14] Biggs, R., Simons, H., Bakkenes, M., Scholes, R.J., Eickhout, B., van Vuuren, D. and Alkemade, R. (2008) Scenarios of Biodiversity Loss in Southern Africa in the 21st Century. Global Environmental Change, 18, 296-309.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.02.001
[15] Metzger, M.J., Rounsevell, M.D.A., Acosta-Michlik, L., Leemans, R. and Schr?ter, D. (2006) The Vulnerability of Ecosystem Services to Land Use Change. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 114, 69-85.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.025
[16] FAO (2001) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000. Main Report. FAO Forestry Paper No.140, Rome.
[17] Kerr, J.T., Kharouba, H.M. and Currie, D.J. (2007) The Macroecological Contribution to Global Change Solutions. Science, 316, 1581-1584.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1133267
[18] Matson, P.A., Parton, W.J., Power, A. and Swift, M. (1997) Agricultural Intensification and Ecosystem Properties. Science, 277, 504-509.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5325.504
[19] Turner, B.L., Skole, B., Sanderson, S., Fischer, G., Fresco, L. and Leemans, R. (1995) Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: Science Research Plan. IGBP Report, 35. IGBP, Stockholm, 132.
[20] Eltayeb, G.E. (2001) Eltayeb, G.E. (2001) Human Development Paper. The Civil Society Preparatory Conference for the (Rio+10) Summit Conference on Sustainable Development, 2-4 October 2001, Khartoum, 20.
[21] Mohamed, A.A., Sharifi, M.A. and van Keulen, H. (2000) An Integrated Agro-Economic and Agro-Ecological Methodology for Land Use Planning and Policy Analysis. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2, 87-103.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0303-2434(00)85003-5
[22] HCENR (2000) The Sudan’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. Higher Council of Environment and Natural Resources (HCNR), Ministry of Environment and Tourism and IUCN with Support from UNDP, Khartoum. 75.
[23] Eltayeb, G.E. (2003) Khartoum, Sudan. Un-Habitat Case Studies, UK. London, 1-20.
[24] Abu-Saleem, M. (1991) The History of Khartoum, Dar Al-Jeel, Beirut. (In Arabic)
[25] Ali, S.A. (1999) Greater Khartoum: The Horizontal Expansion and Its Impact on the Development of Settlement. Unpublished MA Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Khartoum, Khartoum. (In Arabic)
[26] Collins, R.O. (1990) The Waters of the Nile: Hydropolitics and the Jonglei Canal 1900-1988. Clarendon Press, Oxford.