Twenty years study of solar, geomagnetic, cosmic ray activity links with monthly deaths number (n-850304)
Author(s)
Eliyahu Stoupel,
Ramune Kalediene,
Jadviga Petrauskiene,
Skirmante Starkuviene,
Evgeny Abramson,
Peter Israelevich,
Jaqueline Sulkes
ABSTRACT
The interrelationship between human life and death at the end of the XX and beginning of the XXI centuries is the topic of this study. The aim of the study is to study links between time, Solar (SA), Geomagnetic (GMA) and Cosmic Ray (CRA) (Neutron) activity and monthly deaths distribution from all and six subgroups of death causes in years 1990-2009 for ad-ditional clarification of the role of exogenic factors in human homeostasis. Methods and patients: 850304 deaths (44657 men, 400647 woman) and 6 subgroups were studied in 240 consecutive months in the Re-public of Lithuania in relation to the months of year (1 - 12), 4 indices of SA (Sunspot number and Solar Flux), 3 indices of GMA (planetary and regional for the Middle Latitudes), and CRA described by Neutron activity on the Earth's surface-remains of crushed atoms in the high space levels and measured by Imp/min. The cosmophysical data came from Space Science Institutions in the USA, Russia and Finland. Statistical analysis of the results for monthly comparison are presented. Results: It was a significant and inverse relationship of monthly deaths number for both gender with CRA and SA, less with GMA. It was a significant drop of deaths from IHD and sui-cides. Oncology deaths also show similarity in their timing with other groups. A strong inverse rela-tionship was seen in monthly death number from IHD and Stroke. (r = -0.76, p < 0.0001), woman show more seasonality in death's distribution. Most deaths show annual rhythm with acrophase in February. Only Suicide pick appears in the summer months. Conclusion: at the beginning of the XXI century, in addition to accepted risk factors, environmental physical activity is linked to timing of death. Cosmic Ray (Neutron) activity is one of the main regulators of this relationship. Stroke related deaths are becoming a more prominent cause in the collection of car-diovascular deaths. Suicide related deaths show a drop, possibly related to a massive trend for immi-gration in the high risk group of the population. The precise mechanism of action of the studied physical factors needs additional studies.
The interrelationship between human life and death at the end of the XX and beginning of the XXI centuries is the topic of this study. The aim of the study is to study links between time, Solar (SA), Geomagnetic (GMA) and Cosmic Ray (CRA) (Neutron) activity and monthly deaths distribution from all and six subgroups of death causes in years 1990-2009 for ad-ditional clarification of the role of exogenic factors in human homeostasis. Methods and patients: 850304 deaths (44657 men, 400647 woman) and 6 subgroups were studied in 240 consecutive months in the Re-public of Lithuania in relation to the months of year (1 - 12), 4 indices of SA (Sunspot number and Solar Flux), 3 indices of GMA (planetary and regional for the Middle Latitudes), and CRA described by Neutron activity on the Earth's surface-remains of crushed atoms in the high space levels and measured by Imp/min. The cosmophysical data came from Space Science Institutions in the USA, Russia and Finland. Statistical analysis of the results for monthly comparison are presented. Results: It was a significant and inverse relationship of monthly deaths number for both gender with CRA and SA, less with GMA. It was a significant drop of deaths from IHD and sui-cides. Oncology deaths also show similarity in their timing with other groups. A strong inverse rela-tionship was seen in monthly death number from IHD and Stroke. (r = -0.76, p < 0.0001), woman show more seasonality in death's distribution. Most deaths show annual rhythm with acrophase in February. Only Suicide pick appears in the summer months. Conclusion: at the beginning of the XXI century, in addition to accepted risk factors, environmental physical activity is linked to timing of death. Cosmic Ray (Neutron) activity is one of the main regulators of this relationship. Stroke related deaths are becoming a more prominent cause in the collection of car-diovascular deaths. Suicide related deaths show a drop, possibly related to a massive trend for immi-gration in the high risk group of the population. The precise mechanism of action of the studied physical factors needs additional studies.
Cite this paper
nullStoupel, E. , Kalediene, R. , Petrauskiene, J. , Starkuviene, S. , Abramson, E. , Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2011) Twenty years study of solar, geomagnetic, cosmic ray activity links with monthly deaths number (n-850304). Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 4, 426-434. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2011.46054.
nullStoupel, E. , Kalediene, R. , Petrauskiene, J. , Starkuviene, S. , Abramson, E. , Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2011) Twenty years study of solar, geomagnetic, cosmic ray activity links with monthly deaths number (n-850304). Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 4, 426-434. doi: 10.4236/jbise.2011.46054.
References
[1] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SWPC-USAF preliminary report and forecast of solar geo-physical data, weekly. http://www.SWPC. [2] NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Solar Indices Bul-letin. [3] NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Geomagnetic In-dices Bulletin. [4] NOAA-USAF, “SESC glossary of solar-terrestrial terms,” Boulder, USA, 1988 (revised 1992), pp. 1-69. [5] Russian Academy of Sciences, Izmiran Institute, Cosmic data, monthly. [6] Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Neutron Monitoring Station, Daily, monthly, yearly neutron monitoring data. [7] Neutron monitoring data. Oulu University. [8] Stoupel, E. (1976) Forecasting in cardiology. J. Wiley & Sons, New York. [9] Halberg, F., Cornelissen, G., Chen, C.H., Katinas, C.S., Wata-nabe, Y., Otsuka, K., Herold, M., [10] Loeckinger, A., Kreze, E., Perfetto, F., Tarquini, R., Maggioni, C. and Schwartzkopff, O. (2000) [11] Chronobiology: The time stru- ctures, chronomes gauge, aging, diseases risk and the cosmos. Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine, 3, 67-90. doi:10.1089/rej.1.2000.3.67 [12] Oraevskij, V.N., Breus, T.K., Baevskij, B.M., Rapoport, S.I., Petrov, V.M. and Barsukova, Zh. V., (1998) Effect of geomag-netic activity on the functional status of the body. Biophisika, 43, 819-826. [13] Stoupel, E. and Shimshoni, M. (1991) Hospital cardiovascular deaths and total distribution of deaths in 180 consecutive months with different cosmic physical activity: A correlative study (1974-1988). International Journal of Biometeorology, 35, 6-9. doi:10.1007/BF01040956 [14] Nuzhdina, M.A. (1998) Effect of natural factors on the occur-rence of cardiovascular diseases. Biofizika, 43, 640- 646. [15] Stoupel, E. (2002) The equilibrium paradigm in clinical cos-mobiology. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 13, 255-261. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2002.13.3.255 [16] Stoupel, E. (2002) The effect of geomagnetic activity on car-diovascular parameters. Biomed Pharmacother, 56, 247s-256s. doi:10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00299-8 [17] Stoupel, E., Babayev, E., Mustafa, F., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2006) Clinical cosmobiology—sudden cardiac death and daily/monthly geomagnetic, cosmic ray, and solar activity—the Baku study, 2003-2005. Sun & Geosphere, 1, 13-16. [18] Beaglerole, R. (2010) International trends in coronary heart disease mortality, morbidity, risk factors. Oxford Journals Medicine. Epidemiologic Review, 12, 1-15. [19] Stoupel, E. (2006) Cardiac arrhythmia & geomagnetic activity. Indian Pacing & Electrophysiology Journal, 6, 49-53. [20] Stoupel, E., Domarkiene, S., Radishauskas, R., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2006) Neutrons & sudden cardiac death (SCD) codes 121-125. ICD 10. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 17, 45-54 doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2006.17.1.45 [21] Stoupel, E., Kusniec, J., Mazur, A., Zabarsky, R., Golovchiner, G., Abramson, E., Sulkes, J., Strasberg, B. and Battler, A. (2006) Are neutrons involved in the pathogenesis of life threatening arrhythmias? Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 17, 55-62. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2006.17.1.55 [22] Stoupel, E., Kusniec, J., Mazur, A., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Strasberg, B. (2008) Timing of life- threatening arr-hythmias detected by implatable cadioverter-defibrillators in relation to changes in cosmophysical factors. Cardiology Journal, 15, 1-4. [23] Stoupel, E., Assali, A., Teplitzky, I., Israelevich, P., Abramson, E., Sulkes, J., Kornowski, R. (2008) The culprit artery in acute myocardial infarction in different environmental physical activity levels. International Journal of Cardiology, 126, 288-290. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.05.050 [24] Stoupel, E., Joshua, H. and Lahav, J. (1996) Human blood coagulation and geomagnetic activity. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 7, 217-220. [25] Stoupel, E., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P., Sulkes, J. and Harell, D. (2007) Dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP)- environ-mental links. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 18, 124-128. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2006.09.010 [26] Stoupel, E., Domarkiene, S., Radishauskas, R. and Abramson, E. (2003) Deaths from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke on days of different levels of geomagnetic activity. Seminars of Cardiology, 9, 46-51. [27] Gurfinkel, Y.I., Liubimov, V.V., Orjevskij, V.N., Parfenova, L.M. and Yurjev, A.S. The influence of geomagnetic disturbances on capillary flow in ischemic heart disease patients. Biofizika, 40, 793-799. [28] Stoupel, E., Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J., Israelevich, P., Abramson, E. and Sulkes, J. (2003) Temporal distribution of death among oncology patients: Environmental links. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 14, 225-233. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2003.14.3.225 [29] Breus, T.K., Ozheredov, V.A., Siutkina, E.V. and Rogoza, A.N. (2008) Some aspects of the biological effects of space weather. Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 70, 436-441. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.08.025 [30] Stoupel, E. (1980) Solar-terrestrial predictions-aspects for pre-ventive medicine. In: Donnelly, R.F., Ed., Solar- Terrestrial Prediction Proceedings, National Oceanic Atmospheric Ad-ministration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder. [31] Bernotiene, G., Radishauskas, R., Gogelis, G., Bernotaite, L. (2006) Coincidence of mortality from ischemic heart disease registry and official mortality statistics in kaunas middle-aged population. Lithuanian Family Physician, 10, 320-324. [32] Stoupel, E., Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J., Starkuviene, S., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2005) Sui-cide-Homicide Temporal Interrelationship, Links with other fatalities, and environmental physical activity. Crisis, 26, 85-89. doi:10.1027/0227-5910.26.2.85 [33] Stoupel, E., Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J., Gaiz'auskiene, A., Israelevich, P., Abramson, E. and Sulkes, J. (2007) Clinical cosmobiology: Distribution of deaths during 180 months and cosmophysical activity. The lithuanian study, 1990-2004. The role of cosmic rays. Medicina, 42, 238- 241. [34] Stoupel, E., Babayev, E., Mustafa, F., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2007) Acute myocardial infarction occurrence: Environmental links-baku, 2003- 2005. Medical Science Monitor, 13, 175-179. [35] toupel, E., Domarkiene, S., Radishauskas, R., Bernotiene, G., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2004) Links be-tween monthly rates of four subtypes of acute myocardial in-farction and their corresponding cosmophysical activity para-meters. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Phar-macology, 15, 175-184. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2004.15.3-4.175 [36] Sigl, G. (2001) Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: Physics and astrophysics at extreme energies. Science, 291, 73-79. doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.73 [37] Amelino, C.G. (2002) Relativity: Special treatment. Nature, 418, 34-35. doi:10.1038/418034a Cho. A. (2007) Enormous detector forces rethink of highest energy cosmic rays. Science, 317, 178-179. doi:10.1126/science.317.5835.178 [38] Dorfman, L.I. (2003) Cosmic rays and space weather israel cosmic ray center and emilio serge observatory. Israel, IZMI-RAN; Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. [39] McKee, M. and Shkolnikov, V. (2001) Understanding the tollof premature death among men in eastern Europe. British Medical Journal, 323, 1051-1055. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7320.1051 [40] Stankuniene, V. Demographic development of Lithuania: Trends and impacts. VASAB Expert Band Stakeholder Meeting on Demographic Trends and Labor Market Development, 8 June 2010, Lithuania Press, Kaunas, 1-14. [41] Stoupel, E. (2008) Atherothrombosis: Environmental links. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 19, 37-45. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2008.19.1.37 [42] Stoupel E. Atherothrombosis: Environmental Links. (2008) Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 19, 37-45. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2008.19.1.37 [43] Nias, A.H.W. (1999) An introduction to radiobiology. J. Wiley & Sons, New York. [44] Hall, E.J. and Giaccia, A.J. (2006) Radiobiology for the radi-ologists. 6th Edition, Lippincott, Williams& Wilkins, Phila-delphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo. [45] Kirbi, A.J. and Hollfelder, F. (1995) Enzymes under the na-noscope nature 2008, 456; 6: 45-44. Stoupel E, Abramson E, Gabbay U, Pick AI Relationship between immunoglobulin levels and extremes of solar activity. Int J Biometeorol 38: 89-9. [46] Stoupel, E., Monselize, Y., Lahav, J. (2006) Changes in autoim-mune markers of the anti cardiolipin syndrome on days of ex-treme geomagnetic activity. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physi-ology and Pharmacology, 17, 269- 278. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2006.17.4.269 [47] Stoupel, E., Petrauskiene, J., Gabbay, U., Kalediene, R., Ab-ramson, E. and Sulkes, J. (2001) Circannual rhythmicity of deaths distribution. Acta Medica Lithuanica, 6,37-42 [48] The Pierre Auger Collaboration. (2007) Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearly extragalactic objects. Science, 318, 938-943. doi:10.1126/science.1151124 [49] Tchizhevsky, A. (1936) Terrestrial echo's of solar storms. Nauka, Moscow [50] Einstein, A. (1932) Mein weltbild.
[1] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, SWPC-USAF preliminary report and forecast of solar geo-physical data, weekly. http://www.SWPC. [2] NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Solar Indices Bul-letin. [3] NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Geomagnetic In-dices Bulletin. [4] NOAA-USAF, “SESC glossary of solar-terrestrial terms,” Boulder, USA, 1988 (revised 1992), pp. 1-69. [5] Russian Academy of Sciences, Izmiran Institute, Cosmic data, monthly. [6] Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Neutron Monitoring Station, Daily, monthly, yearly neutron monitoring data. [7] Neutron monitoring data. Oulu University. [8] Stoupel, E. (1976) Forecasting in cardiology. J. Wiley & Sons, New York. [9] Halberg, F., Cornelissen, G., Chen, C.H., Katinas, C.S., Wata-nabe, Y., Otsuka, K., Herold, M., [10] Loeckinger, A., Kreze, E., Perfetto, F., Tarquini, R., Maggioni, C. and Schwartzkopff, O. (2000) [11] Chronobiology: The time stru- ctures, chronomes gauge, aging, diseases risk and the cosmos. Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine, 3, 67-90. doi:10.1089/rej.1.2000.3.67 [12] Oraevskij, V.N., Breus, T.K., Baevskij, B.M., Rapoport, S.I., Petrov, V.M. and Barsukova, Zh. V., (1998) Effect of geomag-netic activity on the functional status of the body. Biophisika, 43, 819-826. [13] Stoupel, E. and Shimshoni, M. (1991) Hospital cardiovascular deaths and total distribution of deaths in 180 consecutive months with different cosmic physical activity: A correlative study (1974-1988). International Journal of Biometeorology, 35, 6-9. doi:10.1007/BF01040956 [14] Nuzhdina, M.A. (1998) Effect of natural factors on the occur-rence of cardiovascular diseases. Biofizika, 43, 640- 646. [15] Stoupel, E. (2002) The equilibrium paradigm in clinical cos-mobiology. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 13, 255-261. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2002.13.3.255 [16] Stoupel, E. (2002) The effect of geomagnetic activity on car-diovascular parameters. Biomed Pharmacother, 56, 247s-256s. doi:10.1016/S0753-3322(02)00299-8 [17] Stoupel, E., Babayev, E., Mustafa, F., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2006) Clinical cosmobiology—sudden cardiac death and daily/monthly geomagnetic, cosmic ray, and solar activity—the Baku study, 2003-2005. Sun & Geosphere, 1, 13-16. [18] Beaglerole, R. (2010) International trends in coronary heart disease mortality, morbidity, risk factors. Oxford Journals Medicine. Epidemiologic Review, 12, 1-15. [19] Stoupel, E. (2006) Cardiac arrhythmia & geomagnetic activity. Indian Pacing & Electrophysiology Journal, 6, 49-53. [20] Stoupel, E., Domarkiene, S., Radishauskas, R., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2006) Neutrons & sudden cardiac death (SCD) codes 121-125. ICD 10. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 17, 45-54 doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2006.17.1.45 [21] Stoupel, E., Kusniec, J., Mazur, A., Zabarsky, R., Golovchiner, G., Abramson, E., Sulkes, J., Strasberg, B. and Battler, A. (2006) Are neutrons involved in the pathogenesis of life threatening arrhythmias? Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 17, 55-62. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2006.17.1.55 [22] Stoupel, E., Kusniec, J., Mazur, A., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Strasberg, B. (2008) Timing of life- threatening arr-hythmias detected by implatable cadioverter-defibrillators in relation to changes in cosmophysical factors. Cardiology Journal, 15, 1-4. [23] Stoupel, E., Assali, A., Teplitzky, I., Israelevich, P., Abramson, E., Sulkes, J., Kornowski, R. (2008) The culprit artery in acute myocardial infarction in different environmental physical activity levels. International Journal of Cardiology, 126, 288-290. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.05.050 [24] Stoupel, E., Joshua, H. and Lahav, J. (1996) Human blood coagulation and geomagnetic activity. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 7, 217-220. [25] Stoupel, E., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P., Sulkes, J. and Harell, D. (2007) Dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP)- environ-mental links. European Journal of Internal Medicine, 18, 124-128. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2006.09.010 [26] Stoupel, E., Domarkiene, S., Radishauskas, R. and Abramson, E. (2003) Deaths from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke on days of different levels of geomagnetic activity. Seminars of Cardiology, 9, 46-51. [27] Gurfinkel, Y.I., Liubimov, V.V., Orjevskij, V.N., Parfenova, L.M. and Yurjev, A.S. The influence of geomagnetic disturbances on capillary flow in ischemic heart disease patients. Biofizika, 40, 793-799. [28] Stoupel, E., Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J., Israelevich, P., Abramson, E. and Sulkes, J. (2003) Temporal distribution of death among oncology patients: Environmental links. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 14, 225-233. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2003.14.3.225 [29] Breus, T.K., Ozheredov, V.A., Siutkina, E.V. and Rogoza, A.N. (2008) Some aspects of the biological effects of space weather. Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 70, 436-441. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.08.025 [30] Stoupel, E. (1980) Solar-terrestrial predictions-aspects for pre-ventive medicine. In: Donnelly, R.F., Ed., Solar- Terrestrial Prediction Proceedings, National Oceanic Atmospheric Ad-ministration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Boulder. [31] Bernotiene, G., Radishauskas, R., Gogelis, G., Bernotaite, L. (2006) Coincidence of mortality from ischemic heart disease registry and official mortality statistics in kaunas middle-aged population. Lithuanian Family Physician, 10, 320-324. [32] Stoupel, E., Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J., Starkuviene, S., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2005) Sui-cide-Homicide Temporal Interrelationship, Links with other fatalities, and environmental physical activity. Crisis, 26, 85-89. doi:10.1027/0227-5910.26.2.85 [33] Stoupel, E., Kalediene, R., Petrauskiene, J., Gaiz'auskiene, A., Israelevich, P., Abramson, E. and Sulkes, J. (2007) Clinical cosmobiology: Distribution of deaths during 180 months and cosmophysical activity. The lithuanian study, 1990-2004. The role of cosmic rays. Medicina, 42, 238- 241. [34] Stoupel, E., Babayev, E., Mustafa, F., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2007) Acute myocardial infarction occurrence: Environmental links-baku, 2003- 2005. Medical Science Monitor, 13, 175-179. [35] toupel, E., Domarkiene, S., Radishauskas, R., Bernotiene, G., Abramson, E., Israelevich, P. and Sulkes, J. (2004) Links be-tween monthly rates of four subtypes of acute myocardial in-farction and their corresponding cosmophysical activity para-meters. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Phar-macology, 15, 175-184. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2004.15.3-4.175 [36] Sigl, G. (2001) Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: Physics and astrophysics at extreme energies. Science, 291, 73-79. doi:10.1126/science.291.5501.73 [37] Amelino, C.G. (2002) Relativity: Special treatment. Nature, 418, 34-35. doi:10.1038/418034a Cho. A. (2007) Enormous detector forces rethink of highest energy cosmic rays. Science, 317, 178-179. doi:10.1126/science.317.5835.178 [38] Dorfman, L.I. (2003) Cosmic rays and space weather israel cosmic ray center and emilio serge observatory. Israel, IZMI-RAN; Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia. [39] McKee, M. and Shkolnikov, V. (2001) Understanding the tollof premature death among men in eastern Europe. British Medical Journal, 323, 1051-1055. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7320.1051 [40] Stankuniene, V. Demographic development of Lithuania: Trends and impacts. VASAB Expert Band Stakeholder Meeting on Demographic Trends and Labor Market Development, 8 June 2010, Lithuania Press, Kaunas, 1-14. [41] Stoupel, E. (2008) Atherothrombosis: Environmental links. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 19, 37-45. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2008.19.1.37 [42] Stoupel E. Atherothrombosis: Environmental Links. (2008) Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 19, 37-45. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2008.19.1.37 [43] Nias, A.H.W. (1999) An introduction to radiobiology. J. Wiley & Sons, New York. [44] Hall, E.J. and Giaccia, A.J. (2006) Radiobiology for the radi-ologists. 6th Edition, Lippincott, Williams& Wilkins, Phila-delphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo. [45] Kirbi, A.J. and Hollfelder, F. (1995) Enzymes under the na-noscope nature 2008, 456; 6: 45-44. Stoupel E, Abramson E, Gabbay U, Pick AI Relationship between immunoglobulin levels and extremes of solar activity. Int J Biometeorol 38: 89-9. [46] Stoupel, E., Monselize, Y., Lahav, J. (2006) Changes in autoim-mune markers of the anti cardiolipin syndrome on days of ex-treme geomagnetic activity. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physi-ology and Pharmacology, 17, 269- 278. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.2006.17.4.269 [47] Stoupel, E., Petrauskiene, J., Gabbay, U., Kalediene, R., Ab-ramson, E. and Sulkes, J. (2001) Circannual rhythmicity of deaths distribution. Acta Medica Lithuanica, 6,37-42 [48] The Pierre Auger Collaboration. (2007) Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with nearly extragalactic objects. Science, 318, 938-943. doi:10.1126/science.1151124 [49] Tchizhevsky, A. (1936) Terrestrial echo's of solar storms. Nauka, Moscow [50] Einstein, A. (1932) Mein weltbild.