ESMD Method for Frequency Distribution of Tank Surface Temperature under Wind Effect
Affiliation(s)
1 College of Science, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, China. 2 Oceanic Telemetry Engineering and Technology Research Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China.
1 College of Science, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, China. 2 Oceanic Telemetry Engineering and Technology Research Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China.
ABSTRACT
Due to the poor understanding of the small-scale processes at the air-water interface, some lab experiments are done in a water tank by infrared techniques. With the help of ESMD method, the stochastic temperature sequences extracted from the infrared photographs are decomposed into several empirical modes of general periodic forms. The corresponding analyses on the modes reveal that, within certain limits, both spatial and temporal frequencies increase along the wind speed. As for the amplitudes, the existence of wind may result in fold increasing of their values. In addition, when the wind speed is added from 4 m/s to 5 m/s, both frequency and amplitude of the surface temperature decrease and it implies an enhanced mixing and a weakened temperature gradient under the force of wind blowing.
Due to the poor understanding of the small-scale processes at the air-water interface, some lab experiments are done in a water tank by infrared techniques. With the help of ESMD method, the stochastic temperature sequences extracted from the infrared photographs are decomposed into several empirical modes of general periodic forms. The corresponding analyses on the modes reveal that, within certain limits, both spatial and temporal frequencies increase along the wind speed. As for the amplitudes, the existence of wind may result in fold increasing of their values. In addition, when the wind speed is added from 4 m/s to 5 m/s, both frequency and amplitude of the surface temperature decrease and it implies an enhanced mixing and a weakened temperature gradient under the force of wind blowing.
KEYWORDS
Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition (ESMD), Surface Temperature, Time-Frequency Distribution, Wind, Wave Tank Experiment
Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition (ESMD), Surface Temperature, Time-Frequency Distribution, Wind, Wave Tank Experiment
Cite this paper
Wang, J. , Fang, X. (2015) ESMD Method for Frequency Distribution of Tank Surface Temperature under Wind Effect. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 481-486. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2015.65038.
Wang, J. , Fang, X. (2015) ESMD Method for Frequency Distribution of Tank Surface Temperature under Wind Effect. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 481-486. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2015.65038.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793536913500155 [2] Wang, J.L. and Li, Z.J. (2015) Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition Method: A New Approach for Data Analysis and Scientific Exploration. Beijing. China Higher Education Press, Beijing. [3] Huang, N.E., Shen, Z., Long, S.R., et al. (1998) The Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectrum for Nonlinear and Non-Stationary Time Series Analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 454, 903-995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1998.0193 [4] Wang, J.L. and Li, Z.J. (2014) The ESMD Method for Climate Data Analysis. Climate Change Research Letters, 3, 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/CCRL.2014.31001 [5] Li, H.F., Wang, J.L. and Li, Z.J. (2013) Application of ESMD Method to Air-Sea Flux Investigation. International Journal of Geosciences, 4, 8-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.45B002 [6] Veron, F., Melville, W.K. and Lenain, L. (2008) Infrared Techniques for Measuring Ocean Surface Processes. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 25, 307-326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHO524.1 [7] Mueller, J.A. and Veron, F. (2010) Bulk Formulation of the Heat and Water Vapor Flues at the Air-Sea Interface including Nonmolecular Contributions. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67, 234-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3061.1 [8] Han, Z.H. (2013) Research on the Lab Infrared Observational Method for Air-Sea Heat Flux. The Master’s Thesis for Qingdao University, Qingdao.
[1] Wang, J.L. and Li, Z.J. (2013) Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition Method for Data Processing. Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis, 5, Article ID: 1350015.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793536913500155 [2] Wang, J.L. and Li, Z.J. (2015) Extreme-Point Symmetric Mode Decomposition Method: A New Approach for Data Analysis and Scientific Exploration. Beijing. China Higher Education Press, Beijing. [3] Huang, N.E., Shen, Z., Long, S.R., et al. (1998) The Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectrum for Nonlinear and Non-Stationary Time Series Analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, 454, 903-995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1998.0193 [4] Wang, J.L. and Li, Z.J. (2014) The ESMD Method for Climate Data Analysis. Climate Change Research Letters, 3, 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/CCRL.2014.31001 [5] Li, H.F., Wang, J.L. and Li, Z.J. (2013) Application of ESMD Method to Air-Sea Flux Investigation. International Journal of Geosciences, 4, 8-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.45B002 [6] Veron, F., Melville, W.K. and Lenain, L. (2008) Infrared Techniques for Measuring Ocean Surface Processes. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 25, 307-326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JTECHO524.1 [7] Mueller, J.A. and Veron, F. (2010) Bulk Formulation of the Heat and Water Vapor Flues at the Air-Sea Interface including Nonmolecular Contributions. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67, 234-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3061.1 [8] Han, Z.H. (2013) Research on the Lab Infrared Observational Method for Air-Sea Heat Flux. The Master’s Thesis for Qingdao University, Qingdao.