The Protective Effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on Oxidative Stress after Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Xingwei  Wu; Bingwen  Lu

doi:10.4236/cm.2015.62010

Bingwen Lu, Xingwei Wu^*

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP) on oxidative stress after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina. Methods: Adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham (group A), I/R (group B), and I/R plus CDDP (group C). Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI) was introduced by increasing the intraocular pressure (IOP) to 110 mmHg for 60 min via cannulation into the anterior chamber. Right after the insult, CDDP was administered intragastrically (450 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in the retinal tissues were determined on d1 and d7 after the ischemic insult. Results: Following ischemia, the MDA levels in group B and group C were significantly higher than those in group A (p < 0.01). CDDP significantly lowered MDA levels in group C when compared with group B (p < 0.01). The activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were higher in group A than in group B and group C (p < 0.01). CDDP could increase the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT remarkably in group C when compared with group B (p < 0.01). Conclusion: CDDP can protect the retina from I/R injury through reducing oxidative stress, and thus may be a promising method for the treatment of ischemic retinal disorders.

Keywords: Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP), Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (RIRI), Oxidative Stress, Rats

Cite this paper: Lu, B. and Wu, X. (2015) The Protective Effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on Oxidative Stress after Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Chinese Medicine, 6, 90-96. doi: 10.4236/cm.2015.62010.

References

[1] Grace, P.A. (1994) Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. British Journal of Surgery, 81, 637-647.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800810504

[2] Osborne, N.N., Casson, R.J., Wood, J.P., Chidlow, G., Graham, M. and Melena, J. (2004) Retinal Ishchemia: Mechanisms of Damage and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 23, 91-147.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2003.12.001

[3] Jia, Y., Huang, F., Zhang, S. and Leung, S.W. (2012) Is Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) Dripping Pill More Effective than Isosorbide Dinitrate in Treating Angina Pectoris? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Cardiology, 157, 330-340.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.12.073

[4] Zheng, X.H., Zhao, X.F., Zhao, X., Wang, S.X., Wei, Y.M. and Zheng, J.B. (2007) Determination of the Main Bioactive Metabolites of Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae in Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and the Tissue Distribution of Danshensu in Rabbit by SPE-HPLC-MSn. Journal of Separation Science, 30, 851-857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600287

[5] Wang, S.B., Tian, S., Yang, F., Yang, H.G., Yang, X.Y. and Du, G.H. (2009) Cardioprotective Effect of Salvianolic Acid A on Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 615, 125-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.061

[6] Li, M., Zhao, M.Q., Kumar Durairajan, S.S., Xie, L.X., Zhang, H.X., Kum, W.F., Goto, S. and Liao, F.L. (2008) Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine and Salvianolic Acid B on Apoptosis of Rat Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell Under High Shear Stress. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 38, 177-187.

[7] Ruan, J.Q., Leong, W.I., Yan, R. and Wang, Y.T. (2010) Characterization of Metabolism and in Vitro Permeability Study of Notoginsenoside R1 from Radix Notoginseng. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 5770-5776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf1005885

[8] Yuan, R.Y. and Li, G.P. (2009) Multi-Target Effects of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 18, 377-380.

[9] Anonymous (2010) Compound Danshen Dripping Pills Passed Phase II Clinical Trials by FDA. China Journal of Pharmaceutical Economics, 4, 94.

[10] Lu, B.-W. and Wu, X.-W. (2014) Protective Effects of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology, 34, 1030-1034.

[11] Banin, E., Berenshtein, E., Kitrossky, N., Pe’er, J. and Chevion, M. (2000) Gallium-Desferrioxamine Protects the Cat Retina against Injury after Ischemia and Reperfusion. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 28, 315-323.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00227-0

[12] Anderson, R.E., Maude, M.B. and Neilsen, J.C. (1985) Effect of Lipid Peroxidation on Rhodopsin Regeneration. Experimental Eye Research, 4, 65-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688508999969

[13] Xie, Z., Wu, X., Gong, Y., Song, Y., Qiu, Q. and Li, C. (2007) Intraperitoneal Injection of Ginkgo Biloba Extract Enhances Antioxidation Ability of Retina and Protects Photoreceptors after Light-Induced Retinal Damage in Rats. Current Eye Research, 32, 471-479.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02713680701257621

[14] Shibuki, H., Katai, N., Yodoi, J., Uchida, K. and Yoshimura, N. (2000) Lipid Peroxidation and Peroxynitrite in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science, 41, 3607-3614.

[15] Kwon, Y.H., Rickman, D.W., Baruah, S., Zimmerman, M.B., Kim, C.S., Boldt, H.C., Russell, S.R. and Hayreh, S.S. (2005) Vitreous and Retinal Amino Acid Concentrations in Experimental Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in the Primate. Eye (London), 19, 455-463.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6701546

[16] Pannicke, T., Uckermann, O., Iandiev, I., Biedermann, B., Wiedemann, P., Perlman, I., Reichenbach, A. and Bringmann, A. (2005) Altered Membrane Physiology in Müller Glial Cells after Transient Ischemia of the Rat Retina. Glia, 50, 1-11.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.20151

[17] Toriu, N., Akaike, A., Yasuyoshi, H., Zhang, S., Kashii, S., Honda, Y., Shimazawa, M. and Hara, H. (2000) Lomerizine, a Ca2+ Channel Blocker, Reduces Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity and ischemia/Reperfusion Damage in Rat Retina. Experimental Eye Research, 70, 475-484.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/exer.1999.0809

[18] Yoneda, S., Tanihara, H., Kido, N., Honda, Y., Goto, W., Hara, H. and Miyawaki, N. (2001) Interleukin-1Beta Mediates Ischemic Injury in the Rat Retina. Experimental Eye Research, 73, 661-667.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/exer.2001.1072

[19] Sanchez, R.N., Chan, C.K., Garg, S., Kwong, J.M., Wong, M.J., Sadun, A.A. and Lam, T.T. (2003) Interleukin-6 in Retinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science, 44, 4006-4011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.03-0040

[20] Di Mascio, P., Murphy, M.E. and Sies, H. (1991) Antioxidant Defense Systems: The Role of Carotenoids, Tocopherols, and Thiols. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 194S-200S.

[21] Marnett, L.J. (2000) Oxyradicals and DNA Damage. Carcinogenesis, 21, 361-370.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.3.361

[22] Szabo, M.E., Droy-Lefaix, M.T., Doly, M., Carré, C. and Braquet, P. (1991) Ischemia and Reperfusion-Induced Histologic Changes in the Rat Retina. Eemonstration of a Free Radical-Mediated Mechanism. Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science, 32, 1471-1478.

[23] Nayak, M.S., Kita, M. and Marmor, M.F. (1993) Protection of Rabbit Retina from Ischemic Injury by Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase. Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science, 34, 2018-2022.

[24] Del Rio, D., Stewart, A.J. and Pellegrini, N. (2005) A Review of Recent Studies on Malondialdehyde as Toxic Molecule and Biological Marker of Oxidative Stress. Nutrition, Metabolism Cardiovascular Diseases, 15, 316-328.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.003

[25] Chance, B., Sies, H. and Boveris, A. (1979) Hydroperoxide Metabolism in Mammalian Organs. Physiological Reviews, 59, 527-605.

[26] Crack, P.J., Taylor, J.M., de Haan, J.B., Kola, I., Hertzog, P. and Iannello, R.C. (2003) Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Contributes to the Neuroprotection Seen in the Superoxide Dismutase-1 Transgenic Mouse in Response to Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow Metabolism, 23, 19-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200301000-00002

[27] Liochev, S.I. and Fridovich, I. (2002) Superoxide and Nitric Oxide: Consequences of Varying Rates of Production and Consumption: A Theoretical Treatment. Free Radical Biology Medicine, 33, 137-141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00864-X

[28] Li, Y.M., Liu, X.Q., Chen, H.Q., Chen, X.A. and Liu, L.Y. (2010) Effect of Fufang danshen diwan on Atherosclerosis and the Level of TAFI in Rats. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 29, 280-281.