Effect of Sintering Temperature on Co0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2 O4 Nano-Particles Evolution and Particle Size Distribution
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Institute of Advance Technology and Material Science (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 3 Institute of Mathematical Research (INSPEM), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Institute of Advance Technology and Material Science (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 3 Institute of Mathematical Research (INSPEM), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
This study involves an investigation to ascertain the effect of sintering temperature on the particle size distribution of Co0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2O4 nano-particle. The effect of the sintering temperature towards diffusion of CoO and ZnO into the tetrahedral and octahedral sites was also reported. In this study, CoO, ZnO and Fe2O3 powders were mechanically alloyed to synthesize fine powders of Co0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2O4 nano-particles. The synthesized powder was then sintered at various temperatures which were employed to study the effect of sintering temperature on the materials. Further analysis was done using XRD to investigate the phases of the powder and the crystallite size using Scherrer equation, SEM and EDX for the morphology and elemental composition of samples. The XRD spectra indicated that Both ZnO and CoO powder reacted well during sintering, however, ZnO was first to diffuse into its crystallographic sites before CoO. While the particle size distribution increases as the sintering temperature increases. Amongst other findings, it was confirmed that sintering temperature affects the particle size distribution of samples and samples begin to agglomerate at temperature above 700°C.
This study involves an investigation to ascertain the effect of sintering temperature on the particle size distribution of Co0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2O4 nano-particle. The effect of the sintering temperature towards diffusion of CoO and ZnO into the tetrahedral and octahedral sites was also reported. In this study, CoO, ZnO and Fe2O3 powders were mechanically alloyed to synthesize fine powders of Co0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2O4 nano-particles. The synthesized powder was then sintered at various temperatures which were employed to study the effect of sintering temperature on the materials. Further analysis was done using XRD to investigate the phases of the powder and the crystallite size using Scherrer equation, SEM and EDX for the morphology and elemental composition of samples. The XRD spectra indicated that Both ZnO and CoO powder reacted well during sintering, however, ZnO was first to diffuse into its crystallographic sites before CoO. While the particle size distribution increases as the sintering temperature increases. Amongst other findings, it was confirmed that sintering temperature affects the particle size distribution of samples and samples begin to agglomerate at temperature above 700°C.
Cite this paper
Yakubu, A. , Abbas, Z. , Hashim, M. and Fahad, A. (2015) Effect of Sintering Temperature on Co0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2 O4 Nano-Particles Evolution and Particle Size Distribution. Advances in Nanoparticles, 4, 37-44. doi: 10.4236/anp.2015.42005.
Yakubu, A. , Abbas, Z. , Hashim, M. and Fahad, A. (2015) Effect of Sintering Temperature on Co0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2 O4 Nano-Particles Evolution and Particle Size Distribution. Advances in Nanoparticles, 4, 37-44. doi: 10.4236/anp.2015.42005.
References
[1] Ismayadi, I., Hashim, H., Khamirul, A.M. and Alias, R. (2009) The Effect of Milling Time on Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Compositional Evolution and Particle Size Distribution. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6, 1548-1552.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1548.1552 [2] Pandu, R., Yadav, K.L., Kumar, A., Reddy, P.R. and Gupta, A.V.S.S.K.S. (2010) Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Electrical Properties of BiFeO3 Multiferroics. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 17, 481-485. [3] Bhuiyan, M.A., Hoque, S.M. and Choudhury, S. (2010) Effects of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of NiFe2O4 Prepared from Nano Size Powder of NiO and Fe2O3. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, 34, 189-195. [4] Bafrooei, H.B., Nassaj, E.T., Ebadzadeh, T. and Hu, C.F. (2014) Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Nano Zinc Niobate Powder. Ceramics International, 40, 14463-14470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.07.019 [5] Okazaki, Y., Lixin, M., Ohya, Y., Yanase, S. and Hashi, S. (2007) Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Ferrite TixCo1+xFe2-2xO4 and CoFe2O4 Composite Thin Films. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 181, 66-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.010 [6] Gul, I.H., Abbasi, A.Z., Amin, F., Anis-ur-Rehman, M. and Maqsood, A. (2007) Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Co1-xZnxFe2O4 Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 311, 494-499.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.08.005 [7] Islam, R., Rahman, M.O., Hakim, M.A., Saha, D.K., Saiduzzaman, S., Noor, S. and Al-Mamun, M. (2012) Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni0. 55Zn0. 45Fe2O4 Ferrites. Materials Sciences and Applications, 3, 326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2012.35048 [8] Hou, P.Y., Paulikas, A.P. and Veal, B.W. (2004) Growth Strains and Stress Relaxation in Alumina Scales during High Temperature Oxidation. Materials Science Forum, 461, 671-680.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.461-464.671 [9] Bousquet, M., Viala, B., Achard, H., Georges, J., Reinhardt, A. and Le Rhun, A. (2014) Pt-Less Silicon Integration of PZT Sol-Gel Thin Films. Conference on Application of Polar Dielectrics, Lithuania. [10] Yakubu, A., Abbas, Z., Hashim, M. and Fahad, A. (2014) Effect of Milling Time on Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Microstructure and Particles Size Evolution via the Mechanical Alloying Method. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 2, 58-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msce.2014.211008 [11] JCPDS (1971) Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS), JCPDS (card no: 00-022-1086). [12] Scherrer, P. (1918) Bestimmung der Grosse und der Inneren Struktur von Kolloidteilchen Mittels Rontgenstrahlen, Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Gottingen. Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 2, 98-100 [13] Hossein, A.K.M.A., Mahmud, S.T., Seki, M., Kawai, T. and Tabata, H. (2006) Structural, Electrical Transport, and Magnetic Properties of Ni1-xZnxFe2O4. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 312, 210-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.09.030 [14] Ismayadi, I. (2012) Parallel Evolving Morphology, Magnetic Properties and Their Relationships in Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. Ph.D. Thesis, Universiti of Putra, Malaysia. [15] Yousefi, M.H., Manouchehri, S., Arab, A., Mozaffari, M., Amiri, Gh.R. and Amighian, J. (2010) Preparation of Cobalt-Zinc Ferrite (Co0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4) Nanopowder via Combustion Method and Investigation of Its Magnetic Properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 45, 1792-1795. [16] Heiroth, S., Frison, R., Rupp, J.L., Lippert, T., Barthazy Meier, E.J., Müller Gubler, E. and Gauckler, L.J. (2011) Crystallization and Grain Growth Characteristics of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition. Solid State Ionics, 191, 12-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2011.04.002 [17] Guan, B.H., Chuan, L.K. and Soleimani, H. (2014) Synthesis, Characterization and Influence of Calcinations Temperature on Magnetic Properties of Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 11.
[1] Ismayadi, I., Hashim, H., Khamirul, A.M. and Alias, R. (2009) The Effect of Milling Time on Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Compositional Evolution and Particle Size Distribution. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6, 1548-1552.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1548.1552 [2] Pandu, R., Yadav, K.L., Kumar, A., Reddy, P.R. and Gupta, A.V.S.S.K.S. (2010) Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Electrical Properties of BiFeO3 Multiferroics. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 17, 481-485. [3] Bhuiyan, M.A., Hoque, S.M. and Choudhury, S. (2010) Effects of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of NiFe2O4 Prepared from Nano Size Powder of NiO and Fe2O3. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, 34, 189-195. [4] Bafrooei, H.B., Nassaj, E.T., Ebadzadeh, T. and Hu, C.F. (2014) Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Nano Zinc Niobate Powder. Ceramics International, 40, 14463-14470.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.07.019 [5] Okazaki, Y., Lixin, M., Ohya, Y., Yanase, S. and Hashi, S. (2007) Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Ferrite TixCo1+xFe2-2xO4 and CoFe2O4 Composite Thin Films. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 181, 66-70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.010 [6] Gul, I.H., Abbasi, A.Z., Amin, F., Anis-ur-Rehman, M. and Maqsood, A. (2007) Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Co1-xZnxFe2O4 Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 311, 494-499.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.08.005 [7] Islam, R., Rahman, M.O., Hakim, M.A., Saha, D.K., Saiduzzaman, S., Noor, S. and Al-Mamun, M. (2012) Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni0. 55Zn0. 45Fe2O4 Ferrites. Materials Sciences and Applications, 3, 326.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2012.35048 [8] Hou, P.Y., Paulikas, A.P. and Veal, B.W. (2004) Growth Strains and Stress Relaxation in Alumina Scales during High Temperature Oxidation. Materials Science Forum, 461, 671-680.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.461-464.671 [9] Bousquet, M., Viala, B., Achard, H., Georges, J., Reinhardt, A. and Le Rhun, A. (2014) Pt-Less Silicon Integration of PZT Sol-Gel Thin Films. Conference on Application of Polar Dielectrics, Lithuania. [10] Yakubu, A., Abbas, Z., Hashim, M. and Fahad, A. (2014) Effect of Milling Time on Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Microstructure and Particles Size Evolution via the Mechanical Alloying Method. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 2, 58-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msce.2014.211008 [11] JCPDS (1971) Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS), JCPDS (card no: 00-022-1086). [12] Scherrer, P. (1918) Bestimmung der Grosse und der Inneren Struktur von Kolloidteilchen Mittels Rontgenstrahlen, Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, Gottingen. Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse, 2, 98-100 [13] Hossein, A.K.M.A., Mahmud, S.T., Seki, M., Kawai, T. and Tabata, H. (2006) Structural, Electrical Transport, and Magnetic Properties of Ni1-xZnxFe2O4. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 312, 210-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.09.030 [14] Ismayadi, I. (2012) Parallel Evolving Morphology, Magnetic Properties and Their Relationships in Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. Ph.D. Thesis, Universiti of Putra, Malaysia. [15] Yousefi, M.H., Manouchehri, S., Arab, A., Mozaffari, M., Amiri, Gh.R. and Amighian, J. (2010) Preparation of Cobalt-Zinc Ferrite (Co0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4) Nanopowder via Combustion Method and Investigation of Its Magnetic Properties. Materials Research Bulletin, 45, 1792-1795. [16] Heiroth, S., Frison, R., Rupp, J.L., Lippert, T., Barthazy Meier, E.J., Müller Gubler, E. and Gauckler, L.J. (2011) Crystallization and Grain Growth Characteristics of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition. Solid State Ionics, 191, 12-23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2011.04.002 [17] Guan, B.H., Chuan, L.K. and Soleimani, H. (2014) Synthesis, Characterization and Influence of Calcinations Temperature on Magnetic Properties of Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 11.