Occurrence and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Obtained in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Affiliation(s)
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, Southwestern University Nigeria, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria.
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, Southwestern University Nigeria, Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The bacteriological quality of both wild and cultured Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, sourced in some area of Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria was studied. Bacteria flora of the skin and stomach of fish samples were examined and compared statistically (t-test independent). The resistance of bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics was also studied. Total aerobic bacteria count [colony forming unit: CFU = 159.50.13 ± 72, t < 0.01] with significant difference in the skin and Enterobacteriaceae count [(CFU) = 74.08 ± 5.55] with significant difference in the stomach were obtained in the Nile tilapia. The bacteria in the genera Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Streptococcus were isolated and had been proven to be of great public health significance. About 87.5% of the tested isolates were resistant to augmentin, 83.33% to cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. In addition, 79.17% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 75.0% to amoxicillin, 54.17% to nitrofuratoin, 50.00% to ofloxacin and 29.17% to gentamicin. Among the eight antibiotics tested, six patterns of drug resistance were obtained and all of them were multiple drug resistance with three to eight. The public health implications of these observations are discussed.
The bacteriological quality of both wild and cultured Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, sourced in some area of Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria was studied. Bacteria flora of the skin and stomach of fish samples were examined and compared statistically (t-test independent). The resistance of bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics was also studied. Total aerobic bacteria count [colony forming unit: CFU = 159.50.13 ± 72, t < 0.01] with significant difference in the skin and Enterobacteriaceae count [(CFU) = 74.08 ± 5.55] with significant difference in the stomach were obtained in the Nile tilapia. The bacteria in the genera Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Streptococcus were isolated and had been proven to be of great public health significance. About 87.5% of the tested isolates were resistant to augmentin, 83.33% to cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. In addition, 79.17% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 75.0% to amoxicillin, 54.17% to nitrofuratoin, 50.00% to ofloxacin and 29.17% to gentamicin. Among the eight antibiotics tested, six patterns of drug resistance were obtained and all of them were multiple drug resistance with three to eight. The public health implications of these observations are discussed.
Cite this paper
Tiamiyu, A. , Soladoye, M. , Adegboyega, T. and Adetona, M. (2015) Occurrence and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Obtained in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3, 19-26. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.35003.
Tiamiyu, A. , Soladoye, M. , Adegboyega, T. and Adetona, M. (2015) Occurrence and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Obtained in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3, 19-26. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.35003.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WIBI.0000021752.29468.4e [4] Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K. and Kratz, K.-L. (1999) Occurrence of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment. Science of the Total Environment, 225, 109-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00337-4 [5] Thomas, P. and Micheal, M. (1999) Tilapia-Life History and Biology: Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication. No. 283, March 1999. [6] Colby, J.W., Enriquez-Ibarr, L. and Flick, G.J.J. (1993) Shelf Life of Fish and Shellfish. In: Charalambous, G., Ed., Shelf Life Studies of Foods and Bererases: Chemeal, Biological, Physical and Nutritional Aspects, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 85-143. [7] Sivertsvik, M., Jeksrud, W.K. and Rosnes, J.T. (2002) A Review of Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fish and Fishery Products-Significance of Microbial Growth Activities and Safety. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 37, 107-127. [8] Raghavan, R.P. (2003) Incidence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Shrimps Feeds: A Study from India. WorldFish Centre Quarterly, 26, 22-24. [9] Buchanan, R.M. and Gibbons, N.E. (1974) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 8th Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore. [10] Ojo, O.O. (2008) Consumption Pattern of Fish among Households in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State (An Unpublished B.Sc. Project). Department of Agricultural Economics, Bowen University Iwo, Nigeria. [11] Babu, P.S. (2000) Ichyozoonoses. Fish Farmer International, 14, 14-17. [12] Huss, H.H., Ababoulogy, L. and Gram, L. (2003) Assessment and Management of Seafood Safety and Quality. FAO, Rome. [13] Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition, M.C. Graw-Hill Book Co., New York, 688. [14] Horsley, R.W. (1977) A Review of Bacterial Foora of Teleosts and Elasmobranches, Including Methods for Its Analysis. Journal of Fish Biology, 10, 529-533.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04086.x [15] Edward, P. and Pullin, R.S.V. (1990) Wastewater Fed Aquaculture. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Aquaculture, Calcutta, 6 December 1988; Bangkok, Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Sanitation Information Center. [16] Chortyk, T.O., Severson, R.F., Cutler, H.C. and Siesson, V.A. (1993) Antibiotic Activities of Sugar Esters Isolated from Selected Nicotiana Species. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 57, 1355-1356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1355 [17] Okafor, N. (1985) Aquatic and Waste Microbiology. Fourth Dimension Publishing Company Ltd., Enugu, 187-219. [18] Hansen, J.M., Gerner-Sinidt, P. and Bruun, B. (2005) Antibiotics Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes in Denmark 1958-2001. APMIS, 113, 31-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130105.x [19] Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966) Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standard Single Disc Diffusion Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-496. [20] Olagunju, F.I., Adesiyan, I.O. and Ezekie, A.A. (2007) Economic Viability of Catfish Production on Oyo State, Aligeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 21, 121-124. [21] Hektoen, H., Berge, J.A., Hormazabal, V. and Yndeslad, M. (1995) Persistence of Antibacterial Agents in Marine Sediments. Aquaculture, 133, 175-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00310-K [22] Raghavan, R.P. (2003) Incidence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Shrimps Feeds. A Study From India. NAGA. Worldfish Centre Quarterly, 26, 22-24. [23] Sugita, H., Miyajima, C. and Deguchi, Y. (1991) The Vitamin B12-Producing Ability of the Intestinal Microflora of Freshwater Fish. Aquaculture, 92, 267-276. [24] Edward, P. and Pullin, R.S.V. (1990) Wastewater Fed Aquaculture. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Aquaculture, Calcutta, 6 December 1988; Bangkok, Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Sanitation Information Center. [25] Walsh, D., Duffy, G., Sheridan, J.J., Blair, I.S. and McDowell, D.A. (2001) Antibiotics Resistance among Listeria, Including Listeria monocytogenes, in Retail Foods. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 90, 517-522.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01273.x [26] Miranda, C.D. and Zemelmar, R. (2002) Bacteria Resistance to Oxytetracycline in Chilean Salmon Farming. Aquaculture, 212, 31-47.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00124-2 [27] Doyle, M.P. and Ericson, M.C. (2006) Closing the Door on the Fecal Coliform Assay. Microbe, 1, 162-163. [28] Paclorek, J. (2004) Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from 2000 to 2002 in Poland. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 53, 279-281. [29] Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K. and Kratz, K.-L. (1999) Occurrence of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment. Science of the Total Environment, 225, 109-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00337-4 [30] Levy, S.B. (1997) Antibiotic Resistance an Ecological Imbalance. In: Chandwick, D.J. and Goode, J., Eds., Antibiotic Resistance: Origins, Evolution Selection and Spread, Wiley, London, (Ciba Foundation Symposium 207), 1-14. [31] Prescott, M.L., Harley, J., Donald, P. and Klein, A. (1999) Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. In: Microbiology, 2nd Edition, C. Brown Publishers, USA, 325. [32] Buras, N. (1993) Microbial Safety of Produce from Wastewater-Fed Aquaculture. In: Pullin, R.V.C., Rosenthal, H. and Maclean, J.L., Eds., Environment and Aquaculture in Developing Countries, Proceeding of the 31st ICCLARM Conference Manila, International Center for Living and Aquatic Resources, 285-295. [33] Prescott, M.L., Harley, J., Donald, P. and Klein A. (1999) Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Microbiology. 2nd Edition, C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, 325. [34] Lateef, A. (2004) The Microbiology of a Pharmaceutical Effluents and Its Public Health Implications. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 167-171.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WIBI.0000021752.29468.4e
[1] FAO (2000) FAO Yearbook. Fisheries Statistics; Aquaculture Production 1998, Vol. 86/2, FAO Fish Ser. No. 56, FAO State. Ser. No. 154, Rome, 169 p. [2] Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 688. [3] Lateef, A. (2004) The Microbiology of a Pharmaceutical Effluents and Its Public Health Implications. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 167-171.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WIBI.0000021752.29468.4e [4] Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K. and Kratz, K.-L. (1999) Occurrence of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment. Science of the Total Environment, 225, 109-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00337-4 [5] Thomas, P. and Micheal, M. (1999) Tilapia-Life History and Biology: Southern Regional Aquaculture Center Publication. No. 283, March 1999. [6] Colby, J.W., Enriquez-Ibarr, L. and Flick, G.J.J. (1993) Shelf Life of Fish and Shellfish. In: Charalambous, G., Ed., Shelf Life Studies of Foods and Bererases: Chemeal, Biological, Physical and Nutritional Aspects, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 85-143. [7] Sivertsvik, M., Jeksrud, W.K. and Rosnes, J.T. (2002) A Review of Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fish and Fishery Products-Significance of Microbial Growth Activities and Safety. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 37, 107-127. [8] Raghavan, R.P. (2003) Incidence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Shrimps Feeds: A Study from India. WorldFish Centre Quarterly, 26, 22-24. [9] Buchanan, R.M. and Gibbons, N.E. (1974) Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 8th Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore. [10] Ojo, O.O. (2008) Consumption Pattern of Fish among Households in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State (An Unpublished B.Sc. Project). Department of Agricultural Economics, Bowen University Iwo, Nigeria. [11] Babu, P.S. (2000) Ichyozoonoses. Fish Farmer International, 14, 14-17. [12] Huss, H.H., Ababoulogy, L. and Gram, L. (2003) Assessment and Management of Seafood Safety and Quality. FAO, Rome. [13] Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie J.H. (1980) Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition, M.C. Graw-Hill Book Co., New York, 688. [14] Horsley, R.W. (1977) A Review of Bacterial Foora of Teleosts and Elasmobranches, Including Methods for Its Analysis. Journal of Fish Biology, 10, 529-533.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04086.x [15] Edward, P. and Pullin, R.S.V. (1990) Wastewater Fed Aquaculture. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Aquaculture, Calcutta, 6 December 1988; Bangkok, Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Sanitation Information Center. [16] Chortyk, T.O., Severson, R.F., Cutler, H.C. and Siesson, V.A. (1993) Antibiotic Activities of Sugar Esters Isolated from Selected Nicotiana Species. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 57, 1355-1356.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1355 [17] Okafor, N. (1985) Aquatic and Waste Microbiology. Fourth Dimension Publishing Company Ltd., Enugu, 187-219. [18] Hansen, J.M., Gerner-Sinidt, P. and Bruun, B. (2005) Antibiotics Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes in Denmark 1958-2001. APMIS, 113, 31-36.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm1130105.x [19] Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M. (1966) Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standard Single Disc Diffusion Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-496. [20] Olagunju, F.I., Adesiyan, I.O. and Ezekie, A.A. (2007) Economic Viability of Catfish Production on Oyo State, Aligeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 21, 121-124. [21] Hektoen, H., Berge, J.A., Hormazabal, V. and Yndeslad, M. (1995) Persistence of Antibacterial Agents in Marine Sediments. Aquaculture, 133, 175-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)00310-K [22] Raghavan, R.P. (2003) Incidence of Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Shrimps Feeds. A Study From India. NAGA. Worldfish Centre Quarterly, 26, 22-24. [23] Sugita, H., Miyajima, C. and Deguchi, Y. (1991) The Vitamin B12-Producing Ability of the Intestinal Microflora of Freshwater Fish. Aquaculture, 92, 267-276. [24] Edward, P. and Pullin, R.S.V. (1990) Wastewater Fed Aquaculture. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Aquaculture, Calcutta, 6 December 1988; Bangkok, Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Sanitation Information Center. [25] Walsh, D., Duffy, G., Sheridan, J.J., Blair, I.S. and McDowell, D.A. (2001) Antibiotics Resistance among Listeria, Including Listeria monocytogenes, in Retail Foods. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 90, 517-522.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01273.x [26] Miranda, C.D. and Zemelmar, R. (2002) Bacteria Resistance to Oxytetracycline in Chilean Salmon Farming. Aquaculture, 212, 31-47.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00124-2 [27] Doyle, M.P. and Ericson, M.C. (2006) Closing the Door on the Fecal Coliform Assay. Microbe, 1, 162-163. [28] Paclorek, J. (2004) Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from 2000 to 2002 in Poland. Polish Journal of Microbiology, 53, 279-281. [29] Hirsch, R., Ternes, T., Haberer, K. and Kratz, K.-L. (1999) Occurrence of Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment. Science of the Total Environment, 225, 109-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00337-4 [30] Levy, S.B. (1997) Antibiotic Resistance an Ecological Imbalance. In: Chandwick, D.J. and Goode, J., Eds., Antibiotic Resistance: Origins, Evolution Selection and Spread, Wiley, London, (Ciba Foundation Symposium 207), 1-14. [31] Prescott, M.L., Harley, J., Donald, P. and Klein, A. (1999) Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. In: Microbiology, 2nd Edition, C. Brown Publishers, USA, 325. [32] Buras, N. (1993) Microbial Safety of Produce from Wastewater-Fed Aquaculture. In: Pullin, R.V.C., Rosenthal, H. and Maclean, J.L., Eds., Environment and Aquaculture in Developing Countries, Proceeding of the 31st ICCLARM Conference Manila, International Center for Living and Aquatic Resources, 285-295. [33] Prescott, M.L., Harley, J., Donald, P. and Klein A. (1999) Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Microbiology. 2nd Edition, C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque, 325. [34] Lateef, A. (2004) The Microbiology of a Pharmaceutical Effluents and Its Public Health Implications. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 22, 167-171.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WIBI.0000021752.29468.4e