B. A. Adeniji^1*, G. R. E. E. Ana¹, B. O. Adedokun², O. I. Ige³

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¹ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
² Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
³ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Abstract: Exposure to high PM₁₀ by women and children for hours on a daily basis in poor ventilated kitchen may lead to respiratory morbidity among this vulnerable group. In Nigeria, data on the levels of air pollutants associated with kerosene stove combustion are very scarce. Like-wise little had been documented on the pulmonary health of women exposed to kerosene stove emission. This study was carried out to measure the levels of kerosene combustion emissions within kitchen environments and also assess the pulmonary function status of the exposed women at baseline. Particulate matter (PM₁₀) and gaseous emissions (GE) were measured in six purposively selected clusters of regular kerosene stove users (KSU) using gravimetric sampler and gas monitors, respectively and their values compared with WHO guideline limits. 167 randomly selected KSU were surveyed to elicit their socio demographic features. A spirometer was used to assess the lung function status (FEV₁) of 72 KSU in six neighbourhood kitchen clusters. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s correlation tests. Respondents’ mean age was 38 + 12.9 years. Mean duration of exposure to GE was 18.9 + 9.8 years. Mean PM₁₀ was 248.1 + 14.1 μg/m³ and ten folds higher than WHO guideline limit of 25 μg/m³. Mean GE in ppm were: CO (0.00), CO₂ (200.1 + 12.4), SO₂ (0.01 + 0.00) and NO₂ (0.00). Mean FEV₁ among KSU was 2.0 + 0.5 litres which was significantly lower than the mean predicted value of 2.7 ± 0.5 litres. There was a negative correlation between PM₁₀ and FEV₁ (r = -0.7539, p > 0.05). Safer cooking methods and practices to obviate health hazards are advocated.

Keywords: Kerosene Stoves, Air Pollution, Lung Function Status, Rural Women, Ibadan

Cite this paper: Adeniji, B. , Ana, G. , Adedokun, B. and Ige, O. (2015) Exposure to Emissions from Kerosene Cooking Stoves and the Pulmonary Health Status of Women in Olorunda Community, Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Protection, 6, 435-445. doi: 10.4236/jep.2015.65042.

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