Lost Immune Markers for Major Affective Disorders: Could They Help Screen Airline Pilots?
Author(s)
Allen D. Allen1*
Affiliation(s)
1 Center for Viral Diseases, Northridge, CA, USA. 2 Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA. 3 CytoDyn, Inc., Santa Fe, NM, USA.
1 Center for Viral Diseases, Northridge, CA, USA. 2 Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA. 3 CytoDyn, Inc., Santa Fe, NM, USA.
ABSTRACT
In the 1980s it was discovered that quantitative IgG titers for antibodies directed against the hu-man-obligate DNA viruses were reliably and reproducibly correlated negatively with mood in in-dividuals with major affective disorders. This knowledge was lost to confirmation bias and uncontrolled studies that only looked at Epstein-Barr virus antibodies. The latter led to a long American fad of misdiagnosing major affective disorders as a “chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome.” This misdiagnosis even became part of the American popular culture during the 1980s. In light of fatal airline crashes intentionally caused by pilots, the antiviral IgG titers should be revisited as a means of screening pilots for current dysphoria or mania/hypomania due to major affective disorders.
KEYWORDS
Aviation Disasters, Suicide with Mass Murder, Major Affective Disorders, Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus Syndrome, Quantitative IgG Titers for Human-Obligate DNA Virus Antibodies
Aviation Disasters, Suicide with Mass Murder, Major Affective Disorders, Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus Syndrome, Quantitative IgG Titers for Human-Obligate DNA Virus Antibodies
Cite this paper
Allen, A. , (2015) Lost Immune Markers for Major Affective Disorders: Could They Help Screen Airline Pilots?. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 285-288. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.64036.
Allen, A. , (2015) Lost Immune Markers for Major Affective Disorders: Could They Help Screen Airline Pilots?. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 285-288. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.64036.
References
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prosecutor-on-co-pilots-search-history.html [5] Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Shanyang, Z., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wiitchen, H.-U. and Kendler, K.S. (1994) Lifetime and 12-Month Prevelance of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 [6] http://www.newsmax.com/US/pilot-shortage-rules-regulations/2014/02/04/id/550729/ [7] Straus, S.E., Tosato, G., Armstrong, G., et al. (1985) Persisting Illness and Fatigue in Adults with Evidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 102, 102-107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-7 [8] Jones, J.F., Ray, C.G., Minnich, L.L., et al. (1985) Evidence for Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Persistent, Unexplained Illnesses: Elevated Anti-Early Antigen Antibodies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 102, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1- [9] Tobi, M., Morag, A., Ravid, Z., et al. (1982) Prolonged Atypical Illness Associated with Serological Evidence of Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. Lancet, 1, 61-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90210-0 [10] Allen, A.D. and Tilkian, S.M. (1986) Depression Correlated with Cellular Immunity in Systemic Immunodeficient Epstein-Barr Virus Syndrome (SIDES). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 133-135. [11] Pitts Jr., F.N., Allen, R.E. and Allen, A.D. (1989) Antibodies to the Early Antigen of the Epstein Barr Virus in Relation to Major Depression. In: Miller, A.H., Ed., Depressive Disorders and Immunity, American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC. [12] Dubner, N.P., Durant, D.L. and Creech, F.R. (1987) Epstein-Barr Antibodies in Three Psychiatric Syndromes. Psychiatric Hospital, 20, 167-170. [13] Delisi, L.E., Nurnberger, J.L., Goldin, L.R., et al. (1986) Epstein-Barr Virus and Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 816-817.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800080101016 [14] Allen, A.D., Pitts Jr., F.N. and Allen, R.E. (1987) Lake Tahoe Mystery Disease. Science, 235, 623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4789.623e [15] Allen, A.D., Fudenberg, H.H. and Allen, R.E. (1987) Affective Disorder and Viral Infection. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1374. [16] Allen, A.D. (1988) Is RA27/3 Rubella Immunization a Cause of Chronic Fatigue? Medical Hypotheses, 27, 217-220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(88)90146-6
[1] http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-germanwings-crash-co-pilot-20150405-story.html [2] http://www.cbsnews.com/news/search-resumes-at-germanwings-flight-9525-crash-site/ [3] http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/24/europe/france-plane-crash/index.html [4] http://www.nytimes.com/video/world/europe/100000003607972/
prosecutor-on-co-pilots-search-history.html [5] Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Shanyang, Z., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wiitchen, H.-U. and Kendler, K.S. (1994) Lifetime and 12-Month Prevelance of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8-19.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 [6] http://www.newsmax.com/US/pilot-shortage-rules-regulations/2014/02/04/id/550729/ [7] Straus, S.E., Tosato, G., Armstrong, G., et al. (1985) Persisting Illness and Fatigue in Adults with Evidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. Annals of Internal Medicine, 102, 102-107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-7 [8] Jones, J.F., Ray, C.G., Minnich, L.L., et al. (1985) Evidence for Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Persistent, Unexplained Illnesses: Elevated Anti-Early Antigen Antibodies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 102, 1-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1- [9] Tobi, M., Morag, A., Ravid, Z., et al. (1982) Prolonged Atypical Illness Associated with Serological Evidence of Persistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. Lancet, 1, 61-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90210-0 [10] Allen, A.D. and Tilkian, S.M. (1986) Depression Correlated with Cellular Immunity in Systemic Immunodeficient Epstein-Barr Virus Syndrome (SIDES). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 133-135. [11] Pitts Jr., F.N., Allen, R.E. and Allen, A.D. (1989) Antibodies to the Early Antigen of the Epstein Barr Virus in Relation to Major Depression. In: Miller, A.H., Ed., Depressive Disorders and Immunity, American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC. [12] Dubner, N.P., Durant, D.L. and Creech, F.R. (1987) Epstein-Barr Antibodies in Three Psychiatric Syndromes. Psychiatric Hospital, 20, 167-170. [13] Delisi, L.E., Nurnberger, J.L., Goldin, L.R., et al. (1986) Epstein-Barr Virus and Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 816-817.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800080101016 [14] Allen, A.D., Pitts Jr., F.N. and Allen, R.E. (1987) Lake Tahoe Mystery Disease. Science, 235, 623.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.235.4789.623e [15] Allen, A.D., Fudenberg, H.H. and Allen, R.E. (1987) Affective Disorder and Viral Infection. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1374. [16] Allen, A.D. (1988) Is RA27/3 Rubella Immunization a Cause of Chronic Fatigue? Medical Hypotheses, 27, 217-220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(88)90146-6