Accumulation of Natural Radionuclides by Some Edible Wild Mushrooms in Ekiti State, Southwestern, Nigeria
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. 2 Department of Plant Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
1 Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. 2 Department of Plant Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were determined in edible mushrooms samples in Ekiti State Nigeria. The edible mushrooms collected are Termitomyces striatus, Psathyrella atroumbonata, Termitomyces robustus, Pleurotus tuber-regium and Pleurotus squarrosulus. The activity measurements were carried out by gamma spectrometry. The average concentrations of 40K varied from 254.17 ± 46.78 to 416.07 ± 68.43 Bq·kg-1, 226Ra concentrations varied from 2.68 ± 0.82 to 21.64 ± 7.23 Bq·kg-1 and 232Th concentrations varied from 8.57 ± 3.25 to 10.98 ± 4.31 Bq·kg-1. The concentrations were converted to effective dose. Effective doses calculated were found to be below maximum permissible levels. Therefore, no health risk is envisaged for those that normally consumed these mushrooms.
Activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were determined in edible mushrooms samples in Ekiti State Nigeria. The edible mushrooms collected are Termitomyces striatus, Psathyrella atroumbonata, Termitomyces robustus, Pleurotus tuber-regium and Pleurotus squarrosulus. The activity measurements were carried out by gamma spectrometry. The average concentrations of 40K varied from 254.17 ± 46.78 to 416.07 ± 68.43 Bq·kg-1, 226Ra concentrations varied from 2.68 ± 0.82 to 21.64 ± 7.23 Bq·kg-1 and 232Th concentrations varied from 8.57 ± 3.25 to 10.98 ± 4.31 Bq·kg-1. The concentrations were converted to effective dose. Effective doses calculated were found to be below maximum permissible levels. Therefore, no health risk is envisaged for those that normally consumed these mushrooms.
Cite this paper
Faweya, E. , Ayeni, M. and Kayode, J. (2015) Accumulation of Natural Radionuclides by Some Edible Wild Mushrooms in Ekiti State, Southwestern, Nigeria. World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 5, 107-110. doi: 10.4236/wjnst.2015.52010.
Faweya, E. , Ayeni, M. and Kayode, J. (2015) Accumulation of Natural Radionuclides by Some Edible Wild Mushrooms in Ekiti State, Southwestern, Nigeria. World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 5, 107-110. doi: 10.4236/wjnst.2015.52010.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209684 [5] Battiston, G.A., Degetto, S., Gerbasi, R. and Sdrignadelo, G. (1989) Radioactivity in Mushrooms in Northeast Italy Following the Chernobyl Accident. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 9, 53-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931X(89)90037-4 [6] Bem, H., Lasota, W., Kusmierek, E. and Witusik, M. (1990) Accumulation of 137Cs by Mushrooms from Rogozno Area of Poland over the Period 1984-1988. Journal of Radio Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 145, 39-46.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02328766 [7] Borio, R., Chiocchini, S., Cicioni, R., Degli Esposti, P., Rongoni, A., Sabatini, P., Scampoli, P., Antonini, A. and Salvadori, P. (1991) Uptake of Radiocesium by Mushrooms. The Science of Total Environment, 106, 183-190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90055-J [8] Mietelski, J.W., LaRosa, J. and Ghods, A. (1993) 90Sr and 239+240Pu, 238Pu, 241Am in Some Samples of Mushrooms and Forest Soils from Poland. Journal of Radio Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 170, 243-258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02134596 [9] Ban-Nai, T., Yoshida, S. and Muramatsu, Y. (1994) Cultivation Experiments on Uptake of Radionuclides by Mushrooms. Radio Isotope, 43, 77-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.43.77 [10] Kalac, P. (2001) A Review of Edible Mushroom Radioactivity. Food Chemistry, 75, 29-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00171-6 [11] De Castro, L.P., Maihara, V.A., Silva P.S.C. and Figueira, R.C.L. (2012) Artificial and Natural Radioactivity in Edible Mushrooms from Sao Paulo Brazil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 113, 150-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.05.028 [12] Antonio, B., Fco, J.G., Alejandro, S. and José, L.M. (2006) Distribution of Radionuclides in Different Parts of a Mushroom: Influence of the Degree of Maturity. The Science of Total Environment, 359, 255-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.015 [13] Santos, E.E., Lauria, D.C., Amaral, E.C.S. and Rochedo, E.R. (2002) Daily Ingestion of 232Th, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in Vegetables by Inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro City. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 26, 75-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00152-7 [14] IAEA (1994) Intervention Criteria in a Nuclear or Radiation Emergency. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Safety Series No. 109. [15] ICRP (1996) International Commission on Radiological Protection. Age-Dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides. Part 5 Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Dose Coefficients. ICRP Publication.
[1] Hu, Q.H., Weng, J.Q. and Wang, J.S. (2010) Sources of Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Environment: A Review. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 101, 426-437.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.08.004 [2] Isinkaye, M.O. and Faweya, E.B. (2006) Occurrence of Natural Radionuclides in Refuse Dump Sites within the City of Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria. Centre European Journal Occupational Medicine, 12, 9-14. [3] Saleh, I.H., Hafez, A.F., Motaweh, H.A., Elanany, H.N. and Naim, M.A. (2007) Radiological Study on Soils, Foodstuffs and Fertilizers in the Alexandria Region, Egypt. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science, 31, 9-17. [4] Eckl, P., Hofmann, W. and Turk, R. (1986) Uptake of Natural and Man-Made Radionuclides by Lichens and Mushrooms. Radiation Environment Biophysics, 25, 43-45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209684 [5] Battiston, G.A., Degetto, S., Gerbasi, R. and Sdrignadelo, G. (1989) Radioactivity in Mushrooms in Northeast Italy Following the Chernobyl Accident. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 9, 53-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931X(89)90037-4 [6] Bem, H., Lasota, W., Kusmierek, E. and Witusik, M. (1990) Accumulation of 137Cs by Mushrooms from Rogozno Area of Poland over the Period 1984-1988. Journal of Radio Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 145, 39-46.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02328766 [7] Borio, R., Chiocchini, S., Cicioni, R., Degli Esposti, P., Rongoni, A., Sabatini, P., Scampoli, P., Antonini, A. and Salvadori, P. (1991) Uptake of Radiocesium by Mushrooms. The Science of Total Environment, 106, 183-190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90055-J [8] Mietelski, J.W., LaRosa, J. and Ghods, A. (1993) 90Sr and 239+240Pu, 238Pu, 241Am in Some Samples of Mushrooms and Forest Soils from Poland. Journal of Radio Analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 170, 243-258.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02134596 [9] Ban-Nai, T., Yoshida, S. and Muramatsu, Y. (1994) Cultivation Experiments on Uptake of Radionuclides by Mushrooms. Radio Isotope, 43, 77-82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.43.77 [10] Kalac, P. (2001) A Review of Edible Mushroom Radioactivity. Food Chemistry, 75, 29-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00171-6 [11] De Castro, L.P., Maihara, V.A., Silva P.S.C. and Figueira, R.C.L. (2012) Artificial and Natural Radioactivity in Edible Mushrooms from Sao Paulo Brazil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 113, 150-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.05.028 [12] Antonio, B., Fco, J.G., Alejandro, S. and José, L.M. (2006) Distribution of Radionuclides in Different Parts of a Mushroom: Influence of the Degree of Maturity. The Science of Total Environment, 359, 255-266.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.05.015 [13] Santos, E.E., Lauria, D.C., Amaral, E.C.S. and Rochedo, E.R. (2002) Daily Ingestion of 232Th, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in Vegetables by Inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro City. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 26, 75-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00152-7 [14] IAEA (1994) Intervention Criteria in a Nuclear or Radiation Emergency. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Safety Series No. 109. [15] ICRP (1996) International Commission on Radiological Protection. Age-Dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides. Part 5 Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Dose Coefficients. ICRP Publication.