Back
 OJO  Vol.5 No.4 , April 2015
The Role of Urine Investigations in Urology Practice
Muhammad Ujudud Musa
Show more
Abstract: Urine examination is one of the important armamentarium in the practice of urology and it is a fundamental test that is usually carried out for urology patients, it can be as simple as dipstick analysis to a complex hormonal assays. Urine examination is done worldwide as an extension of physical examination which provides a lot of information about the pathology, and both physical and chemical analysis of urine are highly informative. There are several types of urine investigations, some of which include urinalysis, urine microscopy culture and sensitivity, urine microscopy for ova or cyst of parasites, urine cytology, urine tumour antigens assays, urine hormonal assays, urine toxicology, urine quantitative measurement and urine acid fast bacilli. Uses of urine examinations in urology could be diagnostic, such as renal function test, evaluation of heamaturia, stone diseases, urinary tract infections, urologic cancers and infertility or monitoring and for prognosis. Uses of urine investigations in practice of urology cannot be over emphasized as it has many revealing information of the physiology and pathology of urologic organs.
Keywords: Urine, Investigations, Urology Practice
Cite this paper: Musa, M. (2015) The Role of Urine Investigations in Urology Practice. Open Journal of Orthopedics, 5, 90-99. doi: 10.4236/ojo.2015.54012.
References

[1]   Gerber, G.S. and Brendler, C.B. (2012) Evaluation of the Urologic Patient: History, Physical Examination and Urinalysis. In: Wein, A.J., Kavoussi, L.R., Novick, A.C., Partin, A.W. and Peters, C.A., Eds., Campbell-Walsh Urology, 10th Edition, Chapter 3, Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, 87-88.

[2]   O’Toole, S.J. (2008) Urinary Tract Infections. In: Thomas, D.F.M., Duffy, P.G. and Rickwood, A.M.K., Eds., Essentials of Paediatric Urology, 2nd Edition, Chapter 4, Informa Healthcare, London, 43.

[3]   Kreder Jr., K.J. and Williams,R.D. (2008) Urologic Laboratory Examination. In: Tanagho, E.A. and McAninch, J.W., Eds., Smith’s General Urology, 17th edition, Chapter 5, McGraw Hill Lange, New York, 46.

[4]   van Rhijin, B.W.G., van der Poel, H.G. and van der Kwast, T.H. (2009) Cytology and Urinary Markers for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer. European Urology Supplements, 8, 533-541.

[5]   Hohenfellner, M. and Santucci, R. (2007) The Clinical Approach to the Acutely Ill Patient. In: Hohenfellner, M. and Santucci, R.A., Eds., Emergencies in Urology, Chapter 2, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, 4.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48605-3

[6]   Simerville, J.A., Maxted, W.C. and Palurra, J.J. (2005) Urinalysis: A Comprehensive Review. American Family Physician, 71, 1153-1162.

[7]   Wagenlehner, F.M., Pilatz, A., Naber, K. and Weidner, W. (2014) Urinary Tract Infections. Aktuelle Urologie, 45, 135-145.

[8]   Ficcara, V., Novara, G. and Zattoni, F. (2010) The Role of Prostate Cancer Antigen e (PCA3) Test for the Diagnosis of Prostatic Cancer in the Era of Opportunistic Prostate Specific Antigen Screening. European Urology, 58, 482-484.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2010.07.025

[9]   Hoff, W.V., Bicknell, E.J., Horrocks, P.M., Fleetwood, J.A., Inthuprapa, M. and Hall, R. (1977) Urinary Pregnanetriol Excretion in Hirsutism. Clinica Chimica Acta, 80, 373-379.

[10]   Escamilla, R.F. (1949) Diagnostic Significance of Urinary Hormonal Assays: Report of Experience with Measurements of 17-Ketostreoids and Follicle Stimulating Hormone in the Urine. Annals of Internal Medicine, 30, 249-290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-30-2-249

[11]   Standridge, J.B., Adams, S.M. and Zotos, A.P. (2010) Urine Drug Screening: A Valuable Office Procedure. American Family Physician, 81, 635-640.

[12]   Bagnall, P. (2014) Haematuria: Classification, Causes and Investigations. British Journal of Nursing, 23, 1074-1078.
http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2014.23.20.1074

[13]   Turkeri, L., Mangir, N., Gunlusoy, B., Yildirim, A., Baltaci, S., Kaplan, M., Bozlu, M. and Mungan, A. (2014) Identification of Patients with Microscopic Hematuria Who Are at Greater Risk for the Presence of Bladder Tumors Using a Dedicated Questionnaire and Point of Care Urine Test—A Study by the Members of Association of Urooncology. Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 15, 6283-6286.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.15.6283

[14]   Dal Moro, F., Valotto, C., Guttilla, A. and Zattoni, F. (2013) Urinary Markers in the Everyday Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer. Urologia, 80, 265-275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/urologia.5000041

[15]   Pak, C.P.C., Peterson, R. and Poindexter, J.R. (2001) Adequacy of a Single Stone Risk Analysis in the Medical Evaluation of Urolithiasis. The Journal of Urology, 165, 378-381.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005392-200102000-00006

[16]   Portis, A.J. and Sundaram, C.P. (2001) Diagnosis and Initial Management of Kidney Stones. American Family Physician, 63, 1329-1339

[17]   Park, S. and Pearle, M.S. (2005) Urolithiasis: Update on Metabolic Evaluation of Stone Formers. The Scientific World Journal, 5, 902-914.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.118

[18]   Jarvis, T.R., Chan, L. and Gottlieb, T. (2014) Assessment and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Infection in Adults. Australian Prescriber, 37, 7-9.

[19]   Kapoor, R., Ansari, M.S., Anil Mandhani, A. and Gulia, A. (2008) Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Approach in Cases of Genitourinary Tuberculosis. Indian Journal of Urology, 24, 401-405.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.42626

[20]   Cek, M., Lenk, S., Naber, K.G., Bishop, M.C., Johansen, T.E.B., Botto, H., Grabe, M., Lobel, B., Redorta, J.P. and Tenke, P. (2005) EAU Guidelines for the Management of Genitourinary Tuberculosis. European Urology, 48, 353-362.

 
 
Top