Petrographic Studies of Pb-Zn Ore Deposits of Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt in District Udaipur (Rajasthan) India
ABSTRACT
The Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi orogenic complex hosts a large number of economically important stratabound base metal sulphide deposits. In the present work, rock samples taken from Outcrop and Underground Mine of Sindeskar Kalan, Vedanta Group, Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt which are located at a distance of 76 Kms from Udaipur District (Rajasthan) have been studied. The chief litho units of the group are identified which contain sulfide-bearing calc-silicate and graphite mica schist, dolomite marble, calc-biotite schist and quartzite. Importance to the ore minerals like galena and sphalerite which have been reported in association with the buffer minerals like pyrite and pyrrhotite occurr in the host rocks of the study area. Ore petrography denotes two types of sphalerites, 1) highly deformed and dark brown colour, 2) less deformed and with light yellow colour. Galena shows high reflectance and a network of triangular pits. Pyrite shows high reflectance and anomalous anisotropism because of high brittleness.
The Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi orogenic complex hosts a large number of economically important stratabound base metal sulphide deposits. In the present work, rock samples taken from Outcrop and Underground Mine of Sindeskar Kalan, Vedanta Group, Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt which are located at a distance of 76 Kms from Udaipur District (Rajasthan) have been studied. The chief litho units of the group are identified which contain sulfide-bearing calc-silicate and graphite mica schist, dolomite marble, calc-biotite schist and quartzite. Importance to the ore minerals like galena and sphalerite which have been reported in association with the buffer minerals like pyrite and pyrrhotite occurr in the host rocks of the study area. Ore petrography denotes two types of sphalerites, 1) highly deformed and dark brown colour, 2) less deformed and with light yellow colour. Galena shows high reflectance and a network of triangular pits. Pyrite shows high reflectance and anomalous anisotropism because of high brittleness.
KEYWORDS
Sphalerite, Galena, Pyrite, Zn-Pb Ores, Ore Textures, Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt, Udaipur District (Rajasthan)
Sphalerite, Galena, Pyrite, Zn-Pb Ores, Ore Textures, Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt, Udaipur District (Rajasthan)
Cite this paper
Alam, J. , Siddiquie, F. and Shaif, M. (2015) Petrographic Studies of Pb-Zn Ore Deposits of Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt in District Udaipur (Rajasthan) India. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 402-412. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2015.64032.
Alam, J. , Siddiquie, F. and Shaif, M. (2015) Petrographic Studies of Pb-Zn Ore Deposits of Rajpura-Dariba-Bethumni Belt in District Udaipur (Rajasthan) India. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 402-412. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2015.64032.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(90)90069-3 [8] Deb, M. (1982) Rare Minerals in Rajpura-Dariba Ores-Some Further Comments. Journal of Geological Society of India, 23, 253-260. [9] Deb, M. and Kumar, R. (1982) The Volcano-Sedimentary Environment of Rajpura-Dariba Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Udaipur District, Rajasthan. Geological Survey of India, Symposium on Metallogeny of the Precambrian, IGCP Project 91, 1-17. [10] Fareeduddin (1998) Single Zircon Age Constraints on the Evolution of Rajasthan Granulite. In: Paliwal, B.S., Ed., The Indian Precambrian, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, 547-556. [11] Naha, K. and Majumdar, A. (1971) Reinterpretation of the Aravalli Basal Conglomerate at Morchana, Udaipur District, Rajasthan, Western India. Geological Magazine, 108, 111-114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800051128 [12] Naha, K. and Halyburton, R.V. (1974) Early Precambrian Stratigraphy of Central and Southern Rajasthan, India. Precambrian Research, 1, 55-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(74)90018-7 [13] Poddar, B.C. (1974) Evolution of Sedimentary Sulphide Rhythmites into Metamorphic Tectonites in the Base Metal Deposits of Rajpura-Dariba, Rajasthan. Golden Jubli Volume, Quarterly Journal of Geological Mineral Metamorphic Society of India, 46, 207-221. [14] Poddar, B.C. and Mathur, R.K. (1965) A Note on the Repetitious Sequence of Grewacke-Slate-Phyllite in the Aravalli System around Udaipur, Rajasthan. Bulletin-Geological Society of India, 2, 83-87. [15] Raja Rao, C.S. (1970) Sequence, Structure and Correlation of the Metasediments and Genesis of the Banded Gniessic Complex of Rajasthan. Record of Geological Survey of India, 98, 122-131. [16] Ranawat, et al. (1988) Metamorphic Character of Rampura-Agucha Pb-Zn Deposit, Rajasthan. Memoir Geological Society India, 7, 397-409. [17] Sharma, R.S. (1988) Patterns of Metamorphism in the Precambrian Rocks of the Aravalli Mountain Belt. Geological Society of India Memoir, 7, 33-75. [18] Sinha-Roy, S. (1984) Precambrian Crustal Interaction in Rajasthan, NW India. Proceeding Seminar on Crustal Evolution of Indian Shield and Its Bearing on Metallogeny, Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 84-91. [19] Gopalan, K., Trivedi, J.R., Balasubramanyam, M.N., Roy, S.K. and Sastri, C.A. (1979) Rb-Sr Chronology of the Khetri Belt, Rajasthan. Journal of Geological Society of India, 20, 450-456. [20] Roy, A.B. and Jakhar, S.R. (2002) Geology of Rajasthan (Northwest India): Precambrian to Recent. Scientific Publishers, India, 412 p. [21] Roy, A.B. and Kroner, A. (1996) Single Zircon Evaporation Ages Constraining the Growth of the Archaean Aravalli Craton, Northwestern Indian Shield. Geological Magazine, 133, 333-342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009067 [22] Heron, A.M. (1953) Geology of Central Rajasthan. Mem. 79, Geol. Survey of India, 339 p. [23] Wiedenbeck, M., Goswami, J.N. and Roy, A.B. (1996) Stabilization of the Aravalli Craton of the Northwestern India at 2.5 Ga: An Ion Microprobe Zircon Study. Chemical Geology, 129, 325-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(95)00182-4 [24] Ahmad, T., Dragusanu, C. and Tanaka, T. (2008) Provenance of Proterozoic Basal Aravalli Ma?c Volcanic Rocks from Rajasthan, Northwestern India: Nd Isotopes Evidence for Enriched Mantle Reservoirs. Precambrian Research, 162, 150-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.07.011 [25] Ray, J.N. (1980) An Evaluation of the Tectonic Framework of the Rampura-Agucha Zinc-Lead Deposit, Bhilwara District, Rajasthan. Indian Minerals, 34, 19-21. [26] Gandhi, S.M. (2001) The Ancient Mining and Metallurgy in Rajasthan. Hindustan Zinc Limited, Vol. 4, 2-13. [27] Ineson, P.R. (1989) Introduction to Practical Ore Microscopy. Longman Singapore Publishers Pvt. Ltd, Singapore, 181. [28] Siddiquie, F.N. and Bhat, S.H. (2008) Mineragraphic Study of the Manganese Ores in Vizianagram Manganese Ores Belt (A.P.) India. Journal of the Indian Association of Sedimentologist, 27, 87-98.
[1] Chauhan, D.S. (1977) The Dariba Main Lode of the Rajpura-Dariba Zinc-Lead-Copper Belt, Udaipur District, Rajasthan. Journal of Geological Society of India, 18, 611-616. [2] Deb, M., Banerjee, D.M. and Bhattacharya, A.K. (1978) Precambrian Stromatolite and Other Structures in the Rajpura-Dariba Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Rajasthan, India. Mineralium Deposita, 13, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202904 [3] Roy, A.B., Paliwal, B.S. and Goel, O.P. (1971) Superposed Folding in the Aravalli Rocks of the Type Area around Udaipur, Rajasthan. Journal of Geological Society of India, 12, 342-348. [4] Haldar, S.K. and Deb, M. (2001) Geology and Mineralization of Rajpura-Dariba Lead-Zinc Belt, Rajasthan. In: Deb., M. and Goodfellow, W.D., Eds., Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zink Deposit Modeling Program, Proceeding, Delhi-Udaipur, 10-17 December 2001, 177-187. [5] Gupta, B.C. (1934) The Geology of Central Mewar. Memoir of Geological Society of India, 65, 107-168. [6] Ameta, S., Das Gupta, S. and Sharma, B.B. (1999) Geology, Structure and Mineralisation in Dariba-Bethumni-Sura- was Belt, Rajsamand Dist., Rajasthan. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 129, 22-24. [7] Deb, M. and Sarkar, S.C. (1990) Proterozoic Tectonic Evolution and Metallogenesis in the Aravalli Delhi Orogenic Complex, Northwestern India. Precambrian Research, 46, 115-137.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(90)90069-3 [8] Deb, M. (1982) Rare Minerals in Rajpura-Dariba Ores-Some Further Comments. Journal of Geological Society of India, 23, 253-260. [9] Deb, M. and Kumar, R. (1982) The Volcano-Sedimentary Environment of Rajpura-Dariba Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Udaipur District, Rajasthan. Geological Survey of India, Symposium on Metallogeny of the Precambrian, IGCP Project 91, 1-17. [10] Fareeduddin (1998) Single Zircon Age Constraints on the Evolution of Rajasthan Granulite. In: Paliwal, B.S., Ed., The Indian Precambrian, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, 547-556. [11] Naha, K. and Majumdar, A. (1971) Reinterpretation of the Aravalli Basal Conglomerate at Morchana, Udaipur District, Rajasthan, Western India. Geological Magazine, 108, 111-114.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800051128 [12] Naha, K. and Halyburton, R.V. (1974) Early Precambrian Stratigraphy of Central and Southern Rajasthan, India. Precambrian Research, 1, 55-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(74)90018-7 [13] Poddar, B.C. (1974) Evolution of Sedimentary Sulphide Rhythmites into Metamorphic Tectonites in the Base Metal Deposits of Rajpura-Dariba, Rajasthan. Golden Jubli Volume, Quarterly Journal of Geological Mineral Metamorphic Society of India, 46, 207-221. [14] Poddar, B.C. and Mathur, R.K. (1965) A Note on the Repetitious Sequence of Grewacke-Slate-Phyllite in the Aravalli System around Udaipur, Rajasthan. Bulletin-Geological Society of India, 2, 83-87. [15] Raja Rao, C.S. (1970) Sequence, Structure and Correlation of the Metasediments and Genesis of the Banded Gniessic Complex of Rajasthan. Record of Geological Survey of India, 98, 122-131. [16] Ranawat, et al. (1988) Metamorphic Character of Rampura-Agucha Pb-Zn Deposit, Rajasthan. Memoir Geological Society India, 7, 397-409. [17] Sharma, R.S. (1988) Patterns of Metamorphism in the Precambrian Rocks of the Aravalli Mountain Belt. Geological Society of India Memoir, 7, 33-75. [18] Sinha-Roy, S. (1984) Precambrian Crustal Interaction in Rajasthan, NW India. Proceeding Seminar on Crustal Evolution of Indian Shield and Its Bearing on Metallogeny, Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 84-91. [19] Gopalan, K., Trivedi, J.R., Balasubramanyam, M.N., Roy, S.K. and Sastri, C.A. (1979) Rb-Sr Chronology of the Khetri Belt, Rajasthan. Journal of Geological Society of India, 20, 450-456. [20] Roy, A.B. and Jakhar, S.R. (2002) Geology of Rajasthan (Northwest India): Precambrian to Recent. Scientific Publishers, India, 412 p. [21] Roy, A.B. and Kroner, A. (1996) Single Zircon Evaporation Ages Constraining the Growth of the Archaean Aravalli Craton, Northwestern Indian Shield. Geological Magazine, 133, 333-342.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800009067 [22] Heron, A.M. (1953) Geology of Central Rajasthan. Mem. 79, Geol. Survey of India, 339 p. [23] Wiedenbeck, M., Goswami, J.N. and Roy, A.B. (1996) Stabilization of the Aravalli Craton of the Northwestern India at 2.5 Ga: An Ion Microprobe Zircon Study. Chemical Geology, 129, 325-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(95)00182-4 [24] Ahmad, T., Dragusanu, C. and Tanaka, T. (2008) Provenance of Proterozoic Basal Aravalli Ma?c Volcanic Rocks from Rajasthan, Northwestern India: Nd Isotopes Evidence for Enriched Mantle Reservoirs. Precambrian Research, 162, 150-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.07.011 [25] Ray, J.N. (1980) An Evaluation of the Tectonic Framework of the Rampura-Agucha Zinc-Lead Deposit, Bhilwara District, Rajasthan. Indian Minerals, 34, 19-21. [26] Gandhi, S.M. (2001) The Ancient Mining and Metallurgy in Rajasthan. Hindustan Zinc Limited, Vol. 4, 2-13. [27] Ineson, P.R. (1989) Introduction to Practical Ore Microscopy. Longman Singapore Publishers Pvt. Ltd, Singapore, 181. [28] Siddiquie, F.N. and Bhat, S.H. (2008) Mineragraphic Study of the Manganese Ores in Vizianagram Manganese Ores Belt (A.P.) India. Journal of the Indian Association of Sedimentologist, 27, 87-98.