Ionization Chamber Dosimetry for Conventional and Laser-Driven Clinical Hadron Beams
Author(s)
F. Scarlat1,2,
A. Scarisoreanu2,
E. Badita2,
C. Vancea2,
I. I. Calina2,
Fl. Scarlat3,
N. Verga4
Affiliation(s)
1 Valahia Univesity of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania. 2 National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics-INFLPR, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania. 3 BitSolutions, Bucharest, Romania. 4 University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania.
1 Valahia Univesity of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania. 2 National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics-INFLPR, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania. 3 BitSolutions, Bucharest, Romania. 4 University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania.
ABSTRACT
The practice of using the direct ionization radiation (electrons, protons, antiprotons, pions, ions, etc) or of the indirect ionization radiation (photons, neutrons, etc) in economy and social life has led to the introduction of the absorbed dose magnitude (ICRU 1953) defined as the energy absorbed per mass unit of the irradiated substance. This is a fundamental magnitude valid for any type of ionizing radiation, any irradiated material and any radiation energy. In case of clinical hadron beams generated by conventional accelerators or those controlled by lasers, IAEA TRS 398 recommends the absorbed dose to water. This may be determined employing the calorimeter method with water or graphite, chemical method, fluence based measurements as Faraday cups or activation measurements, and the ionization chamber method. In this paper the selected method was the thimble air filled ionization chamber method for determination of absorbed dose to water.
KEYWORDS
Absorbed Dose to Water, Ionization Chamber, Hadron Therapy, Hadron Dosimetry, Expand Uncertainty
Absorbed Dose to Water, Ionization Chamber, Hadron Therapy, Hadron Dosimetry, Expand Uncertainty
Cite this paper
Scarlat, F. , Scarisoreanu, A. , Badita, E. , Vancea, C. , I. Calina, I. , Scarlat, F. , Verga, N. (2015) Ionization Chamber Dosimetry for Conventional and Laser-Driven Clinical Hadron Beams. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3, 8-17. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.34002.
Scarlat, F. , Scarisoreanu, A. , Badita, E. , Vancea, C. , I. Calina, I. , Scarlat, F. , Verga, N. (2015) Ionization Chamber Dosimetry for Conventional and Laser-Driven Clinical Hadron Beams. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3, 8-17. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2015.34002.
References
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(1999) Proton Dosimetry Intercomparation Based on the ICRU Report 59 Protocol. Rad and Oncol., 51, 273-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00060-2 [23] IAEA TRS 381. The Use Plan Parallel Ionization Chambers in High Energy Electron and Photon Beams. An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry. Tehnical Report Series no. 381, Vienna, 1995. [24] The Normalized (at Peak) Bragg Curves for Various Proton Incident Energies in Water Phantom: A Simulation with GEANT4 Monte Carlo Code, Abstract ID: 8159. http://www.aapm.org/meetings/amos2/pdf/34-8159-78594-298.pdf [25] Karger, C.P., Jakel, O., Palmans, H. and Kanal, T. (2010) Dosimetry for Ion Beam Radiotherapy. Phys. Med. Biol., R193-R234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/21/R01 [26] ICRU Report 37 (1984) Stopping Powers for Electrons and Po-sitrons. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA. [27] Geithner, O., Andreo, P., Sobolevsky, N., Hartman, G. and Jakel, O. 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[1] Ciorascu, F., et al. (1962) Some Problems of the Commissioning and the Adjusting of the Betatron from the Institute of Atomic Physics. St. Cerc. Fiz., 15, 11, 105. [2] Scarlat, F. (1971) Adaptation of the 30 MeV IAP Betatron for Medical Therapy. The 5th International Betatron Symposium, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania, 18-23 October 1971. [3] Birzu, I., Grigorescu, St. and Scarlat, F. (1973) Therapeutic and Dosimetric Aspects in the Treatment of Malignant Tumours with a 30 MeV Betatron. The International Conference on Photonuclear Reactions and Applications, Asilomar Livermore, 26-30 March 1973. [4] Scarlat, F. (1992) A 40 MeV Medical Betatron. Rev. Roum. Phys.Tome, 37, 615-619. [5] Baltateanu, N., et al. (1969) L’accelerateur lineaire a’electrons de 3 MeV. preprint IFA, AL-1, 3-16. [6] Haltrich, S. and Scarlat, F. (1967) Parametrii betatronului IFA de 8 MeV. Raport intern IFA, MB-178, 10 Decembrie 1967. [7] Haltrich, S., Ivanovici, M., Iliescu, C., Panaitescu, I., Mohor, I. and Scarlat, F. (1970) Ein 8 MeV Betatron Mit Verbesserten Magnetkreis. Kernenergie, Band 13, H.1, S.16-24. [8] Baciu, G., Panaitescu, I., Mohor, I., Scarlat, F. and Andreescu, M. (1971) Romanian Industrial Betatron BETI for Non-destructive Testing. The 5th International Betatron Symposium, Bucharest-Magurele, 18-23 October 1971. [9] Axinescu, S., et al. (1982) The 17-Orbit Microtron of the Institute of Atomic Physics. All Union Symposium on microtrons and Their Applications, Dubna, U.S.S.R. [10] Minea, R., et al. (2004) Accelerators Use for Irradiation Offers Medicinal Herbs. Proc. of EPAC, Lucerne, 2004, 2371-2373. [11] Martin, D., et al. (2006) Waste Treatment by Microwave and Electron Beam Irradiation. Proc. of the Environmental Physics Conference, Alexandria, 18-22 February 2006, 91-100. [12] Scarlat, F., Scarisoreanu, A., Minea, R., Badita, E., Sima, E., Dumitrascu, M., Stancu, E. and Vancea, C. (2013) Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory at INFLPR. Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials—Rapid Communications, Vol.7, 618-624. [13] Zamfir, N.V. (2012) Extreme Light Infrastructure—Nuclear Physics ELI-NP. Experimental Programme Workshop at ELI-NP, Bucharest, 3-5 October 2012. [14] Scarlat, F., Verga, N., Scarisoreanu, A., Badita, E., Dumitrascu, M., Stancu, E., Vancea, C. and Scarlat, Fl. (2013) Absorbed Dose Determination in Conventional and Laser-Driven Hadron Clinical Beams. Journal of Intense Pulsed Lasers and Applications in Advances Physics, 3, 5-25. [15] Bulanov, S.V. and Khoroshkov, V.S. (2002) Feasibility of Using Laser Ion Accelerators in Proton Therapy. Plasma Physics Reports, 28, 453-456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1478534 [16] Scarlat, F., Scarisoreanu, A., Verga, N., Scarlat, Fl. and Vancea, C. (2014) Evaluation of Physical Parameters for Laser-Driven Clinical Hadron Beams. Journal of Intense pulsed Lasers and Applications in Advances Physics, 4, 55-64. [17] ICRU Report 21 (1974) Radiation Dosimetry: Electrons with Initial Energies between 1 and 50 MeV. Quantities and Units. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Washington D.C. [18] IAEA TRS 398. Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy. An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry Based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water. Tehnical Report no 398. [19] IAEA TRS 277. Absorbed Dose Determination in Photon and Electron Beams. An international Code of Practice. Tehnical Report of Series no. 277, Vienna, 1997. [20] ICRU Report 59 (1998) Clinical Proton Dosimetry—Part I: Beam Production, Beam Delivery and Measurement of Absorbed Dose, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [21] Hartmann, G.H., Jakel, O., Heeg, P., Karger, C.P. and Kriesβbach, A. (1999) Determination of Water Absorbed Dose in a Carbon Ion Beam Using Thimble Ionization Chambers. Phys. Med. Biol., 444. [22] Vatnitsky, S., et al. (1999) Proton Dosimetry Intercomparation Based on the ICRU Report 59 Protocol. Rad and Oncol., 51, 273-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00060-2 [23] IAEA TRS 381. The Use Plan Parallel Ionization Chambers in High Energy Electron and Photon Beams. An International Code of Practice for Dosimetry. Tehnical Report Series no. 381, Vienna, 1995. [24] The Normalized (at Peak) Bragg Curves for Various Proton Incident Energies in Water Phantom: A Simulation with GEANT4 Monte Carlo Code, Abstract ID: 8159. http://www.aapm.org/meetings/amos2/pdf/34-8159-78594-298.pdf [25] Karger, C.P., Jakel, O., Palmans, H. and Kanal, T. (2010) Dosimetry for Ion Beam Radiotherapy. Phys. Med. Biol., R193-R234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/21/R01 [26] ICRU Report 37 (1984) Stopping Powers for Electrons and Po-sitrons. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA. [27] Geithner, O., Andreo, P., Sobolevsky, N., Hartman, G. and Jakel, O. (2006) Calculating of Stopping Power Ratios for Carbon Ions Dosimetry. Phys. Med. Biol., 51, 2279-2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/9/012 [28] Berger, M.J. and Seltzer, S.M. (1983) Stopping Powers and Ranges of Electrons and Positrons, National Bureau of Standards NBSIR 82-2550-A, Washington D.C. [29] ICRU Report 49 (1993) Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Par-ticles, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [30] IAEA TEDOC 1455. Implementation of the International Code of Practice on Dosimetry in Radiotherapy (TRS 398). Review and Testing. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 2005. [31] IAEA TEDOC 1585. Measurements Uncertanity. A Practical Guide for Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories. Vienna, 2008.