Adoption of Modern Bee Hive in Arsi Zone of Oromia Region: Determinants and Financial Benefits
Author(s)
Tamrat Gebiso
ABSTRACT
Arsi zone is one of the Oromia regional state’s zones with high potential of honey and bees wax production and where there was dissemination of modern beehives. This research was initiated with objectives of quantifying adoption rate of modern beehives and its determinant factors and drawing policy implication for further extension of the technology. The study was conducted in seven districts of Arsi zone and 251 rural beekeepers were interviewed. The average productivity of the modern beehives and local beehives was found to be 19.77 kg/hive and 5.13 kg/hive. The total number of local bee hives possessed by interviewed beekeepers was found to be 1201 while that of modern beehives was found to be 279 hives which shows that the adoption rate is low and if we increase the adoption rate by 50%, the amount of honey harvest will increases by 11,862 kg which is about 5700 kg more than the total honey beekeepers can get from keeping the whole 1201 local hives. Chemical application (herbicides and pesticides), bee predators, lack of knowledge and skill on modern beehives, lack of modern beehive accessories, lack of bee forage and lack of capital were major beekeeping bottlenecks. The result of binary Logit model revealed that the main determinants of adoption are farmyard size, number of local hives beekeepers possessed, training provided, participation on demonstration, wealth status of beekeepers, and participation of beekeepers on nonfarm income sources. Provision of different information towards increasing or improving the saving capacity or culture of beekeepers, provision of adequate and relevant agricultural extension services (such as training on modern beekeeping technologies and experience sharing among beekeepers), provision of credit services to widen the financial bases of poor beekeepers and facilitating access to modern beehives and its accessories especially honey extractor and wax stumper which can increase beehives productivity were the recommendation that was drawn from the output of this research.
Arsi zone is one of the Oromia regional state’s zones with high potential of honey and bees wax production and where there was dissemination of modern beehives. This research was initiated with objectives of quantifying adoption rate of modern beehives and its determinant factors and drawing policy implication for further extension of the technology. The study was conducted in seven districts of Arsi zone and 251 rural beekeepers were interviewed. The average productivity of the modern beehives and local beehives was found to be 19.77 kg/hive and 5.13 kg/hive. The total number of local bee hives possessed by interviewed beekeepers was found to be 1201 while that of modern beehives was found to be 279 hives which shows that the adoption rate is low and if we increase the adoption rate by 50%, the amount of honey harvest will increases by 11,862 kg which is about 5700 kg more than the total honey beekeepers can get from keeping the whole 1201 local hives. Chemical application (herbicides and pesticides), bee predators, lack of knowledge and skill on modern beehives, lack of modern beehive accessories, lack of bee forage and lack of capital were major beekeeping bottlenecks. The result of binary Logit model revealed that the main determinants of adoption are farmyard size, number of local hives beekeepers possessed, training provided, participation on demonstration, wealth status of beekeepers, and participation of beekeepers on nonfarm income sources. Provision of different information towards increasing or improving the saving capacity or culture of beekeepers, provision of adequate and relevant agricultural extension services (such as training on modern beekeeping technologies and experience sharing among beekeepers), provision of credit services to widen the financial bases of poor beekeepers and facilitating access to modern beehives and its accessories especially honey extractor and wax stumper which can increase beehives productivity were the recommendation that was drawn from the output of this research.
Cite this paper
Gebiso, T. (2015) Adoption of Modern Bee Hive in Arsi Zone of Oromia Region: Determinants and Financial Benefits. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 382-296. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.63038.
Gebiso, T. (2015) Adoption of Modern Bee Hive in Arsi Zone of Oromia Region: Determinants and Financial Benefits. Agricultural Sciences, 6, 382-296. doi: 10.4236/as.2015.63038.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/451461 [5] Rogers, E.M. and Shoemaker, F.F. (1971) Communication of Innovation: A Cross-Cultural Approach. 2nd Edition, The Free Press, New York. [6] Ray, G.L. (2001) Extension Communication and Management. Naya Prokash, Calcutta, 145-162. [7] Salim, M. (1986) Rural Innovation in Agriculture. Chugh Publications, New Delhi. [8] Ehui, S.K., Lynam, J. and Okike, I. (Eds.) (2004) Adapting Social Science to the Changing Focus of International Agricultural Research. Proceedings of a Rockefeller Foundation. ILCA Social Science Research Fellows Workshop Held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, 14-18 November 1994, 189-203. [9] Olana, G. (1993) Farmers Response to New Coffee Development Technologies and Factors Influence It: The Case of Small Farmers in Ghimbi CIPA, Wollega. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Dire-Dawa. [10] Croppenstedt, A. and Demeke, M. (1996) Determinants of Adoption and Levels of Demand for Fertilizer for Cereal Growing Farmers in Ethiopia. Working Paper No. 96, Center for the Study of African Economies, Oxford University of Oxford. [11] Naseem, A.C. (1995) Macro Trends and Determinants of Fertilizer Use in Sub Saharan Africa. MSU International Dev. Paper US. [12] Cramb, R.A. (2003) Processes Affecting the Successful Adoption of New Technologies by Smallholders. In: Hacker, B., Ed., Working with Farmers: The Key to the Adoption of Forage Technologies, ACIAR Proceedings No. 95, ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research), Canberra, 11-22. [13] Gorfu, M. (2005) Adoption and Profitability of Kenyan Top Bar Hive Beekeeping Technology: A Study in Ambasel Woreda of Ethiopia. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Dire-Dawa. [14] Abebe, W., Puskur, R. and Karippai, R.S. (2008) Adopting Improved Box Hive in Atsbi Wemberta District of Eastern Zone, Tigray Region: Determinants and Financial Benefits. IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success) of Ethiopian Farmers Project Working Paper 10. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, 30 p. [15] Ethio-Italian Development Project (2002) Atlas of Arsi Zone. Arsi Agricultural and Rural Development Bureau, Assela, Ethiopia. [16] The National Regional Government of Oromia, Bureau of finance and Economic Development—Regional Statistics (2012).
http://www.oromiabofed.org/ [17] Gebremariam, H. (1992) Availability and Use of Seed in Ethiopia. Program Support Unit, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Addis Ababa. [18] Aldrich, J.H. and Nelson, F.D. (1984) Linear Probability, Logit and Probit Model: Quantitative Application in the Social Science-Sera Miller McCun. Sage pub. Inc, University of Minnesota and Iola, London. [19] Gujarati, D.N. (1995) Basic Economics. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
[1] Kassaye, A. (1990) The Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) of Ethiopia. A Morphometric Study. M.Sc. Thesis, Agricultural University of Norway, As, Norway. [2] Gebreyesus, M. (1976) Practical Aspects of Bee Management in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates, London, 69-78. [3] Holeta Bee Research Center (2004) Beekeeping Training Manual. Holeta, Ethiopia. [4] Feder, L., Just, R.E. and Zilberman, O. (1985) Adoption of Agricultural Innovationin Developing Countries: A Survey. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 32, 255-298.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/451461 [5] Rogers, E.M. and Shoemaker, F.F. (1971) Communication of Innovation: A Cross-Cultural Approach. 2nd Edition, The Free Press, New York. [6] Ray, G.L. (2001) Extension Communication and Management. Naya Prokash, Calcutta, 145-162. [7] Salim, M. (1986) Rural Innovation in Agriculture. Chugh Publications, New Delhi. [8] Ehui, S.K., Lynam, J. and Okike, I. (Eds.) (2004) Adapting Social Science to the Changing Focus of International Agricultural Research. Proceedings of a Rockefeller Foundation. ILCA Social Science Research Fellows Workshop Held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, 14-18 November 1994, 189-203. [9] Olana, G. (1993) Farmers Response to New Coffee Development Technologies and Factors Influence It: The Case of Small Farmers in Ghimbi CIPA, Wollega. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Dire-Dawa. [10] Croppenstedt, A. and Demeke, M. (1996) Determinants of Adoption and Levels of Demand for Fertilizer for Cereal Growing Farmers in Ethiopia. Working Paper No. 96, Center for the Study of African Economies, Oxford University of Oxford. [11] Naseem, A.C. (1995) Macro Trends and Determinants of Fertilizer Use in Sub Saharan Africa. MSU International Dev. Paper US. [12] Cramb, R.A. (2003) Processes Affecting the Successful Adoption of New Technologies by Smallholders. In: Hacker, B., Ed., Working with Farmers: The Key to the Adoption of Forage Technologies, ACIAR Proceedings No. 95, ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research), Canberra, 11-22. [13] Gorfu, M. (2005) Adoption and Profitability of Kenyan Top Bar Hive Beekeeping Technology: A Study in Ambasel Woreda of Ethiopia. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Dire-Dawa. [14] Abebe, W., Puskur, R. and Karippai, R.S. (2008) Adopting Improved Box Hive in Atsbi Wemberta District of Eastern Zone, Tigray Region: Determinants and Financial Benefits. IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success) of Ethiopian Farmers Project Working Paper 10. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, 30 p. [15] Ethio-Italian Development Project (2002) Atlas of Arsi Zone. Arsi Agricultural and Rural Development Bureau, Assela, Ethiopia. [16] The National Regional Government of Oromia, Bureau of finance and Economic Development—Regional Statistics (2012).
http://www.oromiabofed.org/ [17] Gebremariam, H. (1992) Availability and Use of Seed in Ethiopia. Program Support Unit, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Addis Ababa. [18] Aldrich, J.H. and Nelson, F.D. (1984) Linear Probability, Logit and Probit Model: Quantitative Application in the Social Science-Sera Miller McCun. Sage pub. Inc, University of Minnesota and Iola, London. [19] Gujarati, D.N. (1995) Basic Economics. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.