Urban Heat Island Characterization and Isotherm Mapping Using Geo-Informatics Technology in Ahmedabad City, Gujarat State, India
Author(s)
Ram Joshi1,
Hardik Raval1,
Maharshi Pathak1,
Sumit Prajapati2,
Ajay Patel2,
Vijay Singh2,
Manik H. Kalubarme2*
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India. 2 Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-Informatics (BISAG), Department of Science & Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India.
1 Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India. 2 Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo-Informatics (BISAG), Department of Science & Technology, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India.
ABSTRACT
India has witnessed tremendous industrialization in the last five decades. This has led to migration of masses from rural areas towards cities for jobs and businesses. With increase in the population, the demand for residences has also increased which has escalated growth of slum areas and haphazard planning in suburbs. City of Ahmedabad is one such urban metropolis in the state of Gujarat, India. Being the financial capital of Gujarat, population of the city has increased many folds since 1980s. Congested and unsustainable planning and increasing in the emissions from industries and vehicles in certain areas of the city have given birth to many climatic issues. One of these major problems is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena. This has increased the temperature by four to five degrees and has also severely affected air quality. Satellite based Remote sensing data can provide temperature information of various land use classes. Remote Sensing data along with in-situ surface measurements can help to identify urban heat island intensities and hotspots in the cities. A study on heat island characterization and isotherm mapping was taken up in Ahmedabad City. In the present study, Surface Heat Island (SHI) effect is studied using satellite data along with field measurements. Thermal infrared data from Landsat ETM band-6 have been effectively used for monitoring temperature differences of various land use classes in urban areas. The study aims to identify and study the urban hot spots using the data from LANDSAT-5 and field data collected using IR Gun in various zones of Ahmedabad City. The results of this study indicated that the surface temperature near industrial areas and dense urban areas was higher as compared to other suburban areas in the Ahmedabad City.
India has witnessed tremendous industrialization in the last five decades. This has led to migration of masses from rural areas towards cities for jobs and businesses. With increase in the population, the demand for residences has also increased which has escalated growth of slum areas and haphazard planning in suburbs. City of Ahmedabad is one such urban metropolis in the state of Gujarat, India. Being the financial capital of Gujarat, population of the city has increased many folds since 1980s. Congested and unsustainable planning and increasing in the emissions from industries and vehicles in certain areas of the city have given birth to many climatic issues. One of these major problems is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena. This has increased the temperature by four to five degrees and has also severely affected air quality. Satellite based Remote sensing data can provide temperature information of various land use classes. Remote Sensing data along with in-situ surface measurements can help to identify urban heat island intensities and hotspots in the cities. A study on heat island characterization and isotherm mapping was taken up in Ahmedabad City. In the present study, Surface Heat Island (SHI) effect is studied using satellite data along with field measurements. Thermal infrared data from Landsat ETM band-6 have been effectively used for monitoring temperature differences of various land use classes in urban areas. The study aims to identify and study the urban hot spots using the data from LANDSAT-5 and field data collected using IR Gun in various zones of Ahmedabad City. The results of this study indicated that the surface temperature near industrial areas and dense urban areas was higher as compared to other suburban areas in the Ahmedabad City.
KEYWORDS
Surface Temperature, Urban Heat Island (UHI) Phenomena, Hot Spots, Landsat TM, Thermal Infrared, Isotherms, Industrial Area, IR Gun, Geo-Informatics
Surface Temperature, Urban Heat Island (UHI) Phenomena, Hot Spots, Landsat TM, Thermal Infrared, Isotherms, Industrial Area, IR Gun, Geo-Informatics
Cite this paper
Joshi, R. , Raval, H. , Pathak, M. , Prajapati, S. , Patel, A. , Singh, V. and Kalubarme, M. (2015) Urban Heat Island Characterization and Isotherm Mapping Using Geo-Informatics Technology in Ahmedabad City, Gujarat State, India. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 274-285. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2015.63021.
Joshi, R. , Raval, H. , Pathak, M. , Prajapati, S. , Patel, A. , Singh, V. and Kalubarme, M. (2015) Urban Heat Island Characterization and Isotherm Mapping Using Geo-Informatics Technology in Ahmedabad City, Gujarat State, India. International Journal of Geosciences, 6, 274-285. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2015.63021.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3061251 [4] Zhao, Z.C., Luo, Y. and Huang, J.B. (2012) Are There Impacts of Urban Heat Island on Future Climate Change? Advances in Climate Change Research, 4, 1-4. [5] Streutker, D. (2002) A Remote Sensing Study of the Urban Heat Island of Houston, Texas. Journal of Remote Sensing, 23, 2595-2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3061251 [6] Hensen, J.L.M., Lamberts, R. and Negrao, C.O.R. (2002) A View of Energy and Building Performance Simulation at the Start of the Third Millennium. Energy and Buildings, 34, 853-855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00063-4 [7] Fabrizi, R., Bonafoni, S. and Biondi, R. (2010) Satellite and Ground-Based Sensors for the Urban Heat Island Analysis in the City of Rome. Remote Sensing, 2, 1400-1415.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2051400 [8] Streutker, D.R. (2003) Satellite-Measured Growth of the Urban Heat Island of Houston, Texas. Remote Sensing of Environment, 85, 282-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00007-5 [9] Oke, T.R. (1973) City Size and the Urban Heat Island. Atmospheric Environment, 7, 769-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6 [10] Voogt, J.A. (2004) Urban Heat Island: Hotter Cities. Action Bioscience, North Port.
http://www.actionbioscience.org/environment/voogt.html [11] Nesarikar-Patki1, P. and Raykar-Alange, P. (2012) Study of Influence of Land Cover on Urban Heat Islands in Pune Using Remote. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 3, 39-43. [12] Mohan, M., Kikegawa, Y., Gurjar, B., Bhati, S., Kandya, A. and Ogawa, K. (2012) Urban Heat Island Assessment for a Tropical Urban Airshed in India. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 2, 127-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2012.22014 [13] Stewart, I.D. and Oke, T.R. (2012) Local Climate Zones for Urban Temperature Studies. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93, 1879-1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1 [14] Thomas, G., Sherin, A.P., Ansar, S. and Zachariah, E.J. (2014) Analysis of Urban Heat Island in Kochi, India, Using a Modified Local Climate Zone Classification. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 21, 3-13. [15] Roth, M., Oke, T.R. and Emery, W.J. (1989) Satellite-Derived Urban Heat Islands from Three Coastal Cities and the Utilization of Such Data in Urban Climatology. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 1699-1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168908904002 [16] Gallo, K.P. and Tarpley, J.D. (1996) The Comparison of Vegetation Index and Surface Temperature Composites for Urban Heat-Island Analysis. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 3071-3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169608949128
[1] Solecki, W., Rosenzweig, R., Pope, G., Chopping, M., Goldberg, R. and Polissar, A. (2004) Urban Heat Island and Climate Change: An Assessment of Interacting and Possible Adaptations in the Camden, New Jersey Region. [2] Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. and Slosberg, R. (2006) Mitigating New York City’s Heat Island with Urban Forestry, Living Roofs, and Light Surfaces. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Albany. [3] Rinner, C. and Hussain, M. (2011) Toronto’s Urban Heat Island—Exploring the Relationship between Land Use and Surface Temperature. Remote Sensing, 3, 1251-1265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3061251 [4] Zhao, Z.C., Luo, Y. and Huang, J.B. (2012) Are There Impacts of Urban Heat Island on Future Climate Change? Advances in Climate Change Research, 4, 1-4. [5] Streutker, D. (2002) A Remote Sensing Study of the Urban Heat Island of Houston, Texas. Journal of Remote Sensing, 23, 2595-2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs3061251 [6] Hensen, J.L.M., Lamberts, R. and Negrao, C.O.R. (2002) A View of Energy and Building Performance Simulation at the Start of the Third Millennium. Energy and Buildings, 34, 853-855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00063-4 [7] Fabrizi, R., Bonafoni, S. and Biondi, R. (2010) Satellite and Ground-Based Sensors for the Urban Heat Island Analysis in the City of Rome. Remote Sensing, 2, 1400-1415.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2051400 [8] Streutker, D.R. (2003) Satellite-Measured Growth of the Urban Heat Island of Houston, Texas. Remote Sensing of Environment, 85, 282-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00007-5 [9] Oke, T.R. (1973) City Size and the Urban Heat Island. Atmospheric Environment, 7, 769-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6 [10] Voogt, J.A. (2004) Urban Heat Island: Hotter Cities. Action Bioscience, North Port.
http://www.actionbioscience.org/environment/voogt.html [11] Nesarikar-Patki1, P. and Raykar-Alange, P. (2012) Study of Influence of Land Cover on Urban Heat Islands in Pune Using Remote. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), 3, 39-43. [12] Mohan, M., Kikegawa, Y., Gurjar, B., Bhati, S., Kandya, A. and Ogawa, K. (2012) Urban Heat Island Assessment for a Tropical Urban Airshed in India. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 2, 127-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2012.22014 [13] Stewart, I.D. and Oke, T.R. (2012) Local Climate Zones for Urban Temperature Studies. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 93, 1879-1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1 [14] Thomas, G., Sherin, A.P., Ansar, S. and Zachariah, E.J. (2014) Analysis of Urban Heat Island in Kochi, India, Using a Modified Local Climate Zone Classification. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 21, 3-13. [15] Roth, M., Oke, T.R. and Emery, W.J. (1989) Satellite-Derived Urban Heat Islands from Three Coastal Cities and the Utilization of Such Data in Urban Climatology. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 1699-1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168908904002 [16] Gallo, K.P. and Tarpley, J.D. (1996) The Comparison of Vegetation Index and Surface Temperature Composites for Urban Heat-Island Analysis. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 3071-3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169608949128