Zero Point Energy Effects on Quantum Electrodynamics
Author(s)
Bo Lehnert*
ABSTRACT
The vacuum is not a state of empty space, but is populated by electromagnetic fluctuations at a lowest nonzero level, the Zero Point Energy (ZPE). As distinguished from conventional theories, such as that of the Standard Model, the present revised quantum electrodynamic theory (RQED) includes the ZPE in its field equations. This leads to new results far beyond those obtained from conventional theories such as those by Dirac and Higgs. Thus, the present theory results in massive elementary particles from the beginning, being independent of the theory by Higgs. This paper describes the background and results of RQED, summarizing the weak points of conventional theories, the unification of included fundamental concepts, the present basic field equations, new obtained results, and special points of experimental support. In other words, the new points stressed in this paper are in particular the relation between a nonzero electric field divergence in the vacuum and the ZPE, and a number of new experimentally supported results due to a nonzero ZPE energy density in the same state.
The vacuum is not a state of empty space, but is populated by electromagnetic fluctuations at a lowest nonzero level, the Zero Point Energy (ZPE). As distinguished from conventional theories, such as that of the Standard Model, the present revised quantum electrodynamic theory (RQED) includes the ZPE in its field equations. This leads to new results far beyond those obtained from conventional theories such as those by Dirac and Higgs. Thus, the present theory results in massive elementary particles from the beginning, being independent of the theory by Higgs. This paper describes the background and results of RQED, summarizing the weak points of conventional theories, the unification of included fundamental concepts, the present basic field equations, new obtained results, and special points of experimental support. In other words, the new points stressed in this paper are in particular the relation between a nonzero electric field divergence in the vacuum and the ZPE, and a number of new experimentally supported results due to a nonzero ZPE energy density in the same state.
Cite this paper
Lehnert, B. (2015) Zero Point Energy Effects on Quantum Electrodynamics. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 448-452. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.64048.
Lehnert, B. (2015) Zero Point Energy Effects on Quantum Electrodynamics. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 448-452. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.64048.
References
[1] Lehnert, B. (2013) Revised Quantum Electrodynamics. In: Dvoegalzov, V.V., Ed., Nova Science Publishers, New York. [2] Lehnert, B. (2008) Revised Quantum Electrodynamics. In: Shukla, P.K., Stenflo, L. and Eliasson, B., Eds., New Aspects of Plasma Physics, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore-Hackensack-London, 52. [3] Lehnert, B. (2008) Wave-Particle Properties and Pair Formation of the Photon. In: Shukla, P.K., Stenflo, L. and Eliasson, B., Melville, Eds., Frontiers in Modern Plasma Physics, American Institute of Physics, New York, 282. [4] Lehnert, B. (2014) Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 6, 319-327. [5] Higgs, P.W. (1966) Physical Review, 145, 1156-1163.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.145.1156 [6] Abbott, L. (1988) Scientific American, 258, 106-113.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0588-106 [7] Casimir, H.B.G. (1948) Proc. K. Ned. Akad .Wet., 51, 793-795. [8] Lamoreaux, S.K. (1997) Physical Review Letters, 78, 5-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.5 [9] Schiff, L. (1949) Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Book Comp., Inc., New York and London, Ch. XIV. [10] Heitler, W. (1954) The Quantum Theory of Radiation. 3rd Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 409. [11] Quigg, C. (2008) Scientific American, 298, 46-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0208-46 [12] Aad, G., Abajyan, T., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdel Khalek, S., Abdelalim, A.A., et al. (2012) Physics Letters B, 716, 1-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020 [13] Chatrchyan, S., Khachatryan, V., Sirunyan, A.M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Aguilo, E., et al. (2002) Physics Letters B, 716, 30-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021 [14] Lehnert, B. (2013) Progress in Physics, 4, 31-32. [15] Lehnert, B. (2014) Progress in Physics, 10, 5-7. [16] Lehnert, B. and Hook, J. (2010) Journal of Plasma Physics, 76, 419-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022377809990638 [17] Lehnert, B. and Scheffel, J. (2002) Physica Scripta, 65, 200-207.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Regular.065a00200 [18] Lehnert, B. (2011) International Review of Physics (IREPHY), 5, 15-18.
[1] Lehnert, B. (2013) Revised Quantum Electrodynamics. In: Dvoegalzov, V.V., Ed., Nova Science Publishers, New York. [2] Lehnert, B. (2008) Revised Quantum Electrodynamics. In: Shukla, P.K., Stenflo, L. and Eliasson, B., Eds., New Aspects of Plasma Physics, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore-Hackensack-London, 52. [3] Lehnert, B. (2008) Wave-Particle Properties and Pair Formation of the Photon. In: Shukla, P.K., Stenflo, L. and Eliasson, B., Melville, Eds., Frontiers in Modern Plasma Physics, American Institute of Physics, New York, 282. [4] Lehnert, B. (2014) Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 6, 319-327. [5] Higgs, P.W. (1966) Physical Review, 145, 1156-1163.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.145.1156 [6] Abbott, L. (1988) Scientific American, 258, 106-113.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0588-106 [7] Casimir, H.B.G. (1948) Proc. K. Ned. Akad .Wet., 51, 793-795. [8] Lamoreaux, S.K. (1997) Physical Review Letters, 78, 5-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.5 [9] Schiff, L. (1949) Quantum Mechanics. McGraw-Hill Book Comp., Inc., New York and London, Ch. XIV. [10] Heitler, W. (1954) The Quantum Theory of Radiation. 3rd Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 409. [11] Quigg, C. (2008) Scientific American, 298, 46-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0208-46 [12] Aad, G., Abajyan, T., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdel Khalek, S., Abdelalim, A.A., et al. (2012) Physics Letters B, 716, 1-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020 [13] Chatrchyan, S., Khachatryan, V., Sirunyan, A.M., Tumasyan, A., Adam, W., Aguilo, E., et al. (2002) Physics Letters B, 716, 30-61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021 [14] Lehnert, B. (2013) Progress in Physics, 4, 31-32. [15] Lehnert, B. (2014) Progress in Physics, 10, 5-7. [16] Lehnert, B. and Hook, J. (2010) Journal of Plasma Physics, 76, 419-428.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022377809990638 [17] Lehnert, B. and Scheffel, J. (2002) Physica Scripta, 65, 200-207.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/Physica.Regular.065a00200 [18] Lehnert, B. (2011) International Review of Physics (IREPHY), 5, 15-18.