Democracy, Citizenship and Local Press: The Case of the USA “Local Press in Boulder”
Author(s)
Fatma Gürses
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, democracy discussions including a variety of different approaches are made due to the impact of globalization. In this respect, local press comes to the fore as a significant element in the development of participatory citizenship and democracy values from the periphery to the center in a way to reflect differences. This research aims at examining the relationship amongst democracy, citizenship and local press using the local media Boulder, a city in Colorado state of the USA, as a case study. The study is composed of two parts. In the first part, we are going to discuss theoretical frameworks that will help us to better understand the concept of democracy and citizenship, the impact and importance of participatory citizenship on democracy and democratization. The second part includes the historical development of Boulder city and Colorado state. Their sociological and economic features in order to understand the local background of the geography in which the newspaper we examine in our case study are located. The significance of local media and press in Boulder for the state in general and its historical development are analyzed also including examples including the flow of information rendering the participation of citizens possible. In this respect, the importance of local press for the participation of citizens and its impact on democratization are examined.
Nowadays, democracy discussions including a variety of different approaches are made due to the impact of globalization. In this respect, local press comes to the fore as a significant element in the development of participatory citizenship and democracy values from the periphery to the center in a way to reflect differences. This research aims at examining the relationship amongst democracy, citizenship and local press using the local media Boulder, a city in Colorado state of the USA, as a case study. The study is composed of two parts. In the first part, we are going to discuss theoretical frameworks that will help us to better understand the concept of democracy and citizenship, the impact and importance of participatory citizenship on democracy and democratization. The second part includes the historical development of Boulder city and Colorado state. Their sociological and economic features in order to understand the local background of the geography in which the newspaper we examine in our case study are located. The significance of local media and press in Boulder for the state in general and its historical development are analyzed also including examples including the flow of information rendering the participation of citizens possible. In this respect, the importance of local press for the participation of citizens and its impact on democratization are examined.
Cite this paper
Gürses, F. (2015) Democracy, Citizenship and Local Press: The Case of the USA “Local Press in Boulder”. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 3, 19-32. doi: 10.4236/ajc.2015.31003.
Gürses, F. (2015) Democracy, Citizenship and Local Press: The Case of the USA “Local Press in Boulder”. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 3, 19-32. doi: 10.4236/ajc.2015.31003.
References
[1] Abbott, C., Leonard, S. J., & McComb, D. (1994). Colorado, A History Of The Centennial State. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado. [2] Aksin, S. (1996). Uluslasma Sürecinde Devlet ve Yurttas (State and Citizens in the Nation-Building Process). In Cileli, M., (Ed.), Yurttaslik ve Egitim Türk Egitim Dernegi XX. Egitim Toplantisi (Citizenship and Education Turkish Education Association XX. Education Meeting) (pp. 23-45). Ankara: Türk Egitim Dernegi Egitim Dizisi. [3] Aldridge, M. (2007). Understanding the Local Media. Maidenhead: Open University Press. [4] Anderson, C. W. (2013). Rebuliding the News: Metroplolitan Journalism in the Digital Age. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. [5] Atabek, N. (n.d.). Yerel Basin ve Yerel Demokrasi (Local News and Local Democracy). Journal of the Faculty of Communication, 47-54.
http://www.journals.istanbul.edu.tr/iuifd/article/viewfile/1019012673/1019011901 [6] Berry, T. E. (1976). Journalism in America: An Introduction to the News Media. New York, NY: Hastings House. [7] Boulder, Colorado, USA. (n.d.). About Boulder.
http://www.bouldercoloradousa.com/about-boulder/ [8] Boulder County Colorado GenWeb. (2011). Boulder Newspapers: Dates, Founders, Publishers and Editors.
http://theusgenweb.org/co/boulder/newsclips/boulder_newspapers.html [9] Center for Colorado & The West. (n.d.). Boulder. https://coloradowest.auraria.edu/content/boulder [10] Chautauqua Trail. (n.d.). A North American Cultural Renaissance.
http://www.chautauquatrail.com/faqs#Frequently-Asked-Questions [11] City-Data.com: Cities of the United States: The West (n.d.). Boulder: Communications.
http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/Boulder-Communications.html [12] Fontes, C. (2010). The Global Turn of the Alternative Media Movement. In K. Howley (Ed.), Understanding Community Media (pp. 381-390). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452275017.n33 [13] Franklin, B., & Murphy, D. (1991). What News? The Market, Politics, and the Local Press. London, New York: Routledge. [14] Greenberg, E. S. (1970). Consensus and Dissent: Trends in Political Socialization Research. In E. S. Greenberg (Ed.), Political Socialization (pp. 1-16). New York: Atherton Press. [15] Gürcüoglu, M. F. (2007). Demokratiklesme Sürecine Katki Saglayan Bir Arac olarak Yerel Basinin, Yerel Yonetim Meclisleri Baglaminda Kamuoyunu Bilgilendirme Düzeyi: Eskisehir SAkarya ve Istikbal Gazeteleri Ornekleminde (Powered Contribution to the Democratization Process as a Tool Local Newspapers, Public Disclosure Level of Local Government Councils Context: The Future of Newspapers in Eskisehir Sakarya and Samples). Ph.D. Thesis, Eskisehir: Anadolu University, Institute of Social Sciences. [16] Habermas, J. (2005). OtekI Olmak, “OtekI”yle Yasamak (BeIng the Other “Other” Is Meant to LIve). I. Aka, Trans., Istanbul: YapI KredI Press. [17] Heater, D. (2007). YurttaslIgIn KIsa TarIhI (A BrIef HIstory of CItIzenshIp). M. DelIkara, Trans., Ankara: Imge Press. [18] Iclihov, O. (1990). Dimensions and Role Patterns of Citizenship in Democracy. In O. Ichilov (Ed.), Political Socialization Citizenship Education and Democracy (pp. 11-25). New York: Teacher College Press. [19] Keyman, F. (1997). Globallesme ve TürkIye: RadIkal DemokrasI OlasIlIgI (GlobalIzatIon and Turkey: RadIcal Democracy Chance). In N. BIlgIn (Ed.), CumhurIyet, DemokrasI ve KImlIk (RepublIc, Democracy and IdentIty) (pp. 281-294). Istanbul: Baglam Press. [20] Kiousis, S., & McDevitt, M. (2008). Agenda Setting in Civic Development Effects of Curricula and Issue Importance on Youth Voter Turnout. Communication Research, 35, 481-502.
http://crx.sagepub.com
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650208315978 [21] Kobre, S. (1959). Modern American Journalism. Ph.D. Thesis, Tallahassee, FL: Tallahassee Institute of Media Research, Florida State University.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3555096 [22] KymlIcka, W. (1998). Cokkültürlü YurttaslIk (MultIcultural CItIzenshIp). A. YIlmaz, Trans., Istanbul: AyrIntI Press. [23] Lucius Carver Paddock (n.d.).
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11111050 [24] Muhlmann, G. (2010). Journalism for Democracy. J. Birrell, Trans., Malden, MA: Cambridge. [25] Noel, T. J. (2011). Colorado: The Highest State. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. [26] Pettem, S. (2010). A Sense of Time & Place Revisited. Charleston, SC: Charleson History Press. [27] Runnells, D. D. (1976). Boulder: A Sight to Behold: Guidebook: Self Guided Tours of the Historic City, Geology and Scenery, University of Colorado, Plus Short Side Trips to Nearby Areas. Boulder, CO: Estey Printing Co. [28] Schnapper, D. (1995). Yurttaslar Cemaati, Modern Ulus Fikrine Dair (Citizens Community, on the Modern Nation Intellectual). O. Okur, Trans., Istanbul: Kesit Press. [29] Sim, J. C. (1969). The Grass Roots Press: America’s Community Newspapers. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. [30] Snider, L. (2011). Daily Camera.
http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_17106735 [31] Spartacus Educational (n.d.). The Palmer Raids.
http://spartacus-educational.com/USApalmerR.htm [32] Stanton, R. C. (2007). All News Is Local: The Failure of the Media to Reflect World Events in a Globalized Age. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. [33] The Denver Post, 2012 Elections Colorado (n.d.). Boulder County 2012 Elections Results.
http://data.denverpost.com/election/results/county/boulder/2012/ [34] The World University Rankings (n.d.). University of Colorado Boulder.
http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2014-15/world-ranking/institution/university-of-colorado-boulder [35] Touraine, A. (2005). Birlikte Yasayabilecek miyiz (Can We Live Together)? O. Kunal, Trans., Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Press. [36] Ubbelohde, C., Benson, M., & Smith, D. A. (2006). A Colorado History. Portland, OR: West Wind Press. [37] Vaughn, S. (2008). Encyclopedia of American Journalism. New York: Routledge. [38] Western Mining History (n.d.). Central City, Colorado.
http://www.westernmininghistory.com/towns/colorado/central-city/
[1] Abbott, C., Leonard, S. J., & McComb, D. (1994). Colorado, A History Of The Centennial State. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado. [2] Aksin, S. (1996). Uluslasma Sürecinde Devlet ve Yurttas (State and Citizens in the Nation-Building Process). In Cileli, M., (Ed.), Yurttaslik ve Egitim Türk Egitim Dernegi XX. Egitim Toplantisi (Citizenship and Education Turkish Education Association XX. Education Meeting) (pp. 23-45). Ankara: Türk Egitim Dernegi Egitim Dizisi. [3] Aldridge, M. (2007). Understanding the Local Media. Maidenhead: Open University Press. [4] Anderson, C. W. (2013). Rebuliding the News: Metroplolitan Journalism in the Digital Age. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. [5] Atabek, N. (n.d.). Yerel Basin ve Yerel Demokrasi (Local News and Local Democracy). Journal of the Faculty of Communication, 47-54.
http://www.journals.istanbul.edu.tr/iuifd/article/viewfile/1019012673/1019011901 [6] Berry, T. E. (1976). Journalism in America: An Introduction to the News Media. New York, NY: Hastings House. [7] Boulder, Colorado, USA. (n.d.). About Boulder.
http://www.bouldercoloradousa.com/about-boulder/ [8] Boulder County Colorado GenWeb. (2011). Boulder Newspapers: Dates, Founders, Publishers and Editors.
http://theusgenweb.org/co/boulder/newsclips/boulder_newspapers.html [9] Center for Colorado & The West. (n.d.). Boulder. https://coloradowest.auraria.edu/content/boulder [10] Chautauqua Trail. (n.d.). A North American Cultural Renaissance.
http://www.chautauquatrail.com/faqs#Frequently-Asked-Questions [11] City-Data.com: Cities of the United States: The West (n.d.). Boulder: Communications.
http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/Boulder-Communications.html [12] Fontes, C. (2010). The Global Turn of the Alternative Media Movement. In K. Howley (Ed.), Understanding Community Media (pp. 381-390). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452275017.n33 [13] Franklin, B., & Murphy, D. (1991). What News? The Market, Politics, and the Local Press. London, New York: Routledge. [14] Greenberg, E. S. (1970). Consensus and Dissent: Trends in Political Socialization Research. In E. S. Greenberg (Ed.), Political Socialization (pp. 1-16). New York: Atherton Press. [15] Gürcüoglu, M. F. (2007). Demokratiklesme Sürecine Katki Saglayan Bir Arac olarak Yerel Basinin, Yerel Yonetim Meclisleri Baglaminda Kamuoyunu Bilgilendirme Düzeyi: Eskisehir SAkarya ve Istikbal Gazeteleri Ornekleminde (Powered Contribution to the Democratization Process as a Tool Local Newspapers, Public Disclosure Level of Local Government Councils Context: The Future of Newspapers in Eskisehir Sakarya and Samples). Ph.D. Thesis, Eskisehir: Anadolu University, Institute of Social Sciences. [16] Habermas, J. (2005). OtekI Olmak, “OtekI”yle Yasamak (BeIng the Other “Other” Is Meant to LIve). I. Aka, Trans., Istanbul: YapI KredI Press. [17] Heater, D. (2007). YurttaslIgIn KIsa TarIhI (A BrIef HIstory of CItIzenshIp). M. DelIkara, Trans., Ankara: Imge Press. [18] Iclihov, O. (1990). Dimensions and Role Patterns of Citizenship in Democracy. In O. Ichilov (Ed.), Political Socialization Citizenship Education and Democracy (pp. 11-25). New York: Teacher College Press. [19] Keyman, F. (1997). Globallesme ve TürkIye: RadIkal DemokrasI OlasIlIgI (GlobalIzatIon and Turkey: RadIcal Democracy Chance). In N. BIlgIn (Ed.), CumhurIyet, DemokrasI ve KImlIk (RepublIc, Democracy and IdentIty) (pp. 281-294). Istanbul: Baglam Press. [20] Kiousis, S., & McDevitt, M. (2008). Agenda Setting in Civic Development Effects of Curricula and Issue Importance on Youth Voter Turnout. Communication Research, 35, 481-502.
http://crx.sagepub.com
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650208315978 [21] Kobre, S. (1959). Modern American Journalism. Ph.D. Thesis, Tallahassee, FL: Tallahassee Institute of Media Research, Florida State University.
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3555096 [22] KymlIcka, W. (1998). Cokkültürlü YurttaslIk (MultIcultural CItIzenshIp). A. YIlmaz, Trans., Istanbul: AyrIntI Press. [23] Lucius Carver Paddock (n.d.).
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11111050 [24] Muhlmann, G. (2010). Journalism for Democracy. J. Birrell, Trans., Malden, MA: Cambridge. [25] Noel, T. J. (2011). Colorado: The Highest State. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. [26] Pettem, S. (2010). A Sense of Time & Place Revisited. Charleston, SC: Charleson History Press. [27] Runnells, D. D. (1976). Boulder: A Sight to Behold: Guidebook: Self Guided Tours of the Historic City, Geology and Scenery, University of Colorado, Plus Short Side Trips to Nearby Areas. Boulder, CO: Estey Printing Co. [28] Schnapper, D. (1995). Yurttaslar Cemaati, Modern Ulus Fikrine Dair (Citizens Community, on the Modern Nation Intellectual). O. Okur, Trans., Istanbul: Kesit Press. [29] Sim, J. C. (1969). The Grass Roots Press: America’s Community Newspapers. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. [30] Snider, L. (2011). Daily Camera.
http://www.dailycamera.com/boulder-county-news/ci_17106735 [31] Spartacus Educational (n.d.). The Palmer Raids.
http://spartacus-educational.com/USApalmerR.htm [32] Stanton, R. C. (2007). All News Is Local: The Failure of the Media to Reflect World Events in a Globalized Age. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. [33] The Denver Post, 2012 Elections Colorado (n.d.). Boulder County 2012 Elections Results.
http://data.denverpost.com/election/results/county/boulder/2012/ [34] The World University Rankings (n.d.). University of Colorado Boulder.
http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2014-15/world-ranking/institution/university-of-colorado-boulder [35] Touraine, A. (2005). Birlikte Yasayabilecek miyiz (Can We Live Together)? O. Kunal, Trans., Istanbul: Yapi Kredi Press. [36] Ubbelohde, C., Benson, M., & Smith, D. A. (2006). A Colorado History. Portland, OR: West Wind Press. [37] Vaughn, S. (2008). Encyclopedia of American Journalism. New York: Routledge. [38] Western Mining History (n.d.). Central City, Colorado.
http://www.westernmininghistory.com/towns/colorado/central-city/