The Significance of the Earliest Beads
Author(s)
Robert G. Bednarik
ABSTRACT
This paper attempts to explore beyond the predictable and banal archaeological explanations relating to early beads and pendants. It recounts replication experiments to establish aspects of technology so as to better understand what can be learnt from the quantifiable properties of these artifacts. The article also scrutinizes the available empirical record in the light of taphonomic logic to translate the known spatial and temporal distributions of such remains into epistemologically meaningful pronouncements about the significance of the primary evidence. It is shown that numerous reasonable deductions become possible by engaging such avenues of inquiry. For instance some beads, in which production has been pushed to the limits allowed by the medium, seem to express a sense of perfection, and it is contended that beads are among the most informative forms of exograms that could possibly have survived from these very early times. A key requisite for the use and appreciation of all beads and pendants is a level of hominin self-awareness that essentially expresses full cognitive modernity.
This paper attempts to explore beyond the predictable and banal archaeological explanations relating to early beads and pendants. It recounts replication experiments to establish aspects of technology so as to better understand what can be learnt from the quantifiable properties of these artifacts. The article also scrutinizes the available empirical record in the light of taphonomic logic to translate the known spatial and temporal distributions of such remains into epistemologically meaningful pronouncements about the significance of the primary evidence. It is shown that numerous reasonable deductions become possible by engaging such avenues of inquiry. For instance some beads, in which production has been pushed to the limits allowed by the medium, seem to express a sense of perfection, and it is contended that beads are among the most informative forms of exograms that could possibly have survived from these very early times. A key requisite for the use and appreciation of all beads and pendants is a level of hominin self-awareness that essentially expresses full cognitive modernity.
KEYWORDS
Bead, Pendant, Replicative Experimentation, Ostrich Eggshell, Taphonomy, Pleistocene, Self-Awareness, Hominin Modernity
Bead, Pendant, Replicative Experimentation, Ostrich Eggshell, Taphonomy, Pleistocene, Self-Awareness, Hominin Modernity
Cite this paper
Bednarik, R. (2015). The Significance of the Earliest Beads. Advances in Anthropology, 5, 51-66. doi: 10.4236/aa.2015.52006.
Bednarik, R. (2015). The Significance of the Earliest Beads. Advances in Anthropology, 5, 51-66. doi: 10.4236/aa.2015.52006.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900013345 [5] Beck, H. C. (1941). The Beads from Taxila. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 65, Delhi. [6] Bedanrik, R. G. (2007). Antiquity and Authorship of the Chauvet Rock Art. Rock Art Research, 24, 21-34. [7] Bednarik, R. G. (1986). Parietal Finger Markings in Europe and Australia. Rock Art Research, 3, 30-61. [8] Bednarik, R. G. (1991). Comment on F. d’Errico, “Microscopic and statistical criteria for the identification of prehistoric systems of notation”. Rock Art Research, 8, 89-91. [9] Bednarik, R. G. (1992a). Palaeoart and Archaeological Myths. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2, 27-43.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0959774300000457 [10] Bednarik, R. G. (1992b). Natural Line Markings on Palaeolithic Objects. Anthropologie, 30, 233-240. [11] Bednarik, R. G. (1992c). The Stuff Legends in Archaeology Are Made of: A Reply to Critics. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2, 262-265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0959774300000640 [12] Bednarik, R. G. (1993a). Palaeolithic Art in India. Man and Environment, 18, 33-40. [13] Bednarik, R. G. (1993b). About Palaeolithic Ostrich Eggshell in India. Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin, 13, 34-43.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/bippa.v13i0.12036 [14] Bednarik, R. G. (1994a). A Taphonomy of Palaeoart. Antiquity, 68, 68-74. [15] Bednarik, R. G. (1994b). Art Origins. Anthropos, 89, 169-180. [16] Bednarik, R. G. (1995a). Concept-Mediated Marking in the Lower Palaeolithic. Current Anthropology, 36, 605-634.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/204406 [17] Bednarik, R. G. (1995b). Towards a Better Understanding of the Origins of Body Decoration. Anthropologie, 33, 201-211. [18] Bednarik, R. G. (1996). Lower Palaeolithic Hafting Evidence. The Artefact, 19, 99. [19] Bednarik, R. G. (1997a). Pleistocene Stone Pendant from Western Australia. Australian Archaeology, 45, 32-34. [20] Bednarik, R. G. (1997b). The Role of Pleistocene Beads in Documenting Hominid Cognition. Rock Art Research, 14, 27-41. [21] Bednarik, R. G. (1997c). The Initial Peopling of Wallacea and Sahul. Anthropos, 92, 355-367. [22] Bednarik, R. G. (2005). Middle Pleistocene Beads and Symbolism. Anthropos, 100, 537-552. [23] Bednarik, R. G. (2008). The Mythical Moderns. Journal of World Prehistory, 21, 85-102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10963-008-9009-8 [24] Bednarik, R. G. (2010). Australian Rock Art of the Pleistocene. Rock Art Research, 27, 95-120. [25] Bednarik, R. G. (2012a). An Aetiology of Hominin Behaviour. HOMO—Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 63, 319-335. [26] Bednarik, R. G. (2012b). The Origins of Human Modernity. Humanities, 1, 1-53. [27] Bednarik, R. G. (2013). Pleistocene Palaeoart of Africa. Arts, 2, 6-34.
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