Physical Properties of Some Stoichiometric Rare Earth Nitride Single Crystals
Author(s)
Peter Wachter
ABSTRACT
The preparation and definition of large (3 - 5 mm edge length) single crystals of ScN, GdN, TbN, HoN, YbN and CeN is described. The Hall effect and the electrical conductivity are found to be metallic. The optical reflectivity between 30 meV (sometimes 1 meV) and 13 eV has been measured and the dielectric functions have been obtained. A plasma edge in the infrared confirms the metallic character. In GdN, a shift of this plasma edge with temperature through the magnetic ordering temperature has been observed as a new effect. GdN is in low magnetic fields antiferromagnetic, but becomes ferromagnetic in larger fields. The band structure is discussed. The magnetic exchange interactions have been derived. HoN in the relevant crystal directions has a spontaneous magnetic moment, but no saturation in fields up to 10 T. CeN is intermediate valent and exhibits a Pauli paramagnetism. The specific heat is measured down to 0.3 K and an enhanced γ value is observed.
The preparation and definition of large (3 - 5 mm edge length) single crystals of ScN, GdN, TbN, HoN, YbN and CeN is described. The Hall effect and the electrical conductivity are found to be metallic. The optical reflectivity between 30 meV (sometimes 1 meV) and 13 eV has been measured and the dielectric functions have been obtained. A plasma edge in the infrared confirms the metallic character. In GdN, a shift of this plasma edge with temperature through the magnetic ordering temperature has been observed as a new effect. GdN is in low magnetic fields antiferromagnetic, but becomes ferromagnetic in larger fields. The band structure is discussed. The magnetic exchange interactions have been derived. HoN in the relevant crystal directions has a spontaneous magnetic moment, but no saturation in fields up to 10 T. CeN is intermediate valent and exhibits a Pauli paramagnetism. The specific heat is measured down to 0.3 K and an enhanced γ value is observed.
Cite this paper
Wachter, P. (2015) Physical Properties of Some Stoichiometric Rare Earth Nitride Single Crystals. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 5, 96-131. doi: 10.4236/ampc.2015.53013.
Wachter, P. (2015) Physical Properties of Some Stoichiometric Rare Earth Nitride Single Crystals. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 5, 96-131. doi: 10.4236/ampc.2015.53013.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)09005-X [5] Hirayama, Y., Nakagawa, T. and Yamamoto, T.A. (2011) Curie Temperatures and Modified de Gennes Factors of Rare Earth Nitrides. Solid State Communications, 151, 1602-1604.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2011.07.021 [6] Child, H.R., Wilkinson, M.K., Cable, J.W., Koehler, W.C. and Wollan, E.O. (1963) Neutron Diffraction Investigation of the Magnetic Properties of Compounds of Rare Earth Metals with Group V Anions. Physical Review, 131, 922-931.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.131.922 [7] Sclar, N. (1964) Properties of Rare Earth Nitrides. Journal of Applied Physics, 35, 1534-1538.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1713662 [8] Busch, G., Junod, P., Vogt, O. and Hulliger, F. (1963) Ferro- and Metamagnetism of Rare Earth Compounds. Physics Letters, 6, 79-80. [9] Busch, G., Kaldis, E., Schaufelberger-Teker, E. and Wachter, P. (1970) Synthesis, Crystal Growth and Physical Properties of Rare Earth Nitride Phases. Colloques Internationaux du CNRS, 1, 359-373. [10] Kaldis, E. (1974) Principles of the Vapour Growth of Single Crystals. In: Goldman, C.H.L., Ed., Crystal Growth: Theory and Techniques, Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York, 49-192. [11] Kaldis, E. and Zürcher, Ch. (1976) Solid State Chemistry and Physics of the Monopnictides and Monochalcogenides of some Trivalent Rare Earths. In: Lundin, C.E., Ed., Proceedings of the 12th Rare Earth Research Conference, Denver Research Inst., Denver, 915-934. [12] Cho, S.J. (1967) Spin Polarized Electronic Energy-Band Structure in EuS. Physical Review, 157, 632-640.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.157.632 [13] Busch, G., Junod, P. and Wachter, P. (1964) Optical Absorption of Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Europium Chalcogenides. Physics Letters, 12, 11-12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9163(64)91155-2 [14] Busch, G. and Wachter, P. (1966) Einfluß der magnetischen Ordnung auf die optische Absorption von ferro-oder antiferromagnetischen Halbleitern. Physik der kondensierten Materie, 5, 232-242. [15] Urban, P., Davidov, D., Elschner, B., Piefka, T. and Sperlich, G. (1975) Narrowing Effects in the ESR Spectra of Gd in Metals: Application to LaSb:Gd. Physical Review B, 12, 72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.12.72 [16] Petit, L., Tyer, R., Szotek, Z., Temmerman, W.M. and Svane, A. (2010) Rare Earth Monopnictides and Monochalcogenides from First Principles: Towards an Electronic Phase Diagram of Strongly Correlated Materials. New Journal of Physics, 12, 113041-113061.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/11/113041 [17] Neckel, A., Rastl, P., Eibler, R., Weinberger, P. and Schwarz, K. (1976) Results of Self-Consisted Band-Structure Calculations for ScN, ScO, TiC, TiN, VC, VN and VO. Journal of Physics C, 9, 579-592. [18] Monnier, R., Rhyner, J., Rice, T.M. and Koelling, D.D. (1985) Electron-Hole Liquid as a True Ground State. Physical Review B, 31, 5554-5556.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.31.5554 [19] Harbeke, G., Meier, E. and Dismukes, J.P. (1972) Electron Effective Mass in ScN. Optics Communications, 4, 335-338.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(72)90071-5 [20] Travaglini, G., Marabelli, F., Monnier, R., Kaldis, E. and Wachter, P. (1968) Electronic Structure of ScN. Physical Review B, 34, 3876-3882.
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