Aesthetic Medicine―A Separate Field of Medicine, as a Combination of Many Medical Specialties
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 2 Private Practice of Aesthetic Medicine and Anti-Aging, Warszawa and Poznan, Poland.
1 Department of Social Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 2 Private Practice of Aesthetic Medicine and Anti-Aging, Warszawa and Poznan, Poland.
ABSTRACT
Aesthetic medicine is not a new area of medicine. It has been on the world’s market for several dozen years. Aesthetic and anti-aging medicine is a separate field of medicine combined with other areas such as: neurology, plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, general surgery, orthopaedics, psychology, psychiatry, dermatology, gynaecology, andrology, endocrinology and so on. Aesthetic medicine is an area of medicine, dealing with human’s health in terms of: external appearance, image, aesthetics, well-being, visible skin changes and discomfort in the quality of life felt by a patient. The purpose of aesthetic medicine is to achieve patients’ satisfaction, as to their requirements related to the appearance, elimination of the complexes and the restoration of self-esteem. The following work shows, based on the overall impact of aesthetic medicine on the lives of patients and on the basis of the characteristics of some basic treatments in aesthetic medicine (fillers, botulinum toxin type A, intralipotherapy, needle mesotherapy, chemical peels), how this area of medicine is linked with other specialties and why it should be treated as a separate field of medicine.
Aesthetic medicine is not a new area of medicine. It has been on the world’s market for several dozen years. Aesthetic and anti-aging medicine is a separate field of medicine combined with other areas such as: neurology, plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, general surgery, orthopaedics, psychology, psychiatry, dermatology, gynaecology, andrology, endocrinology and so on. Aesthetic medicine is an area of medicine, dealing with human’s health in terms of: external appearance, image, aesthetics, well-being, visible skin changes and discomfort in the quality of life felt by a patient. The purpose of aesthetic medicine is to achieve patients’ satisfaction, as to their requirements related to the appearance, elimination of the complexes and the restoration of self-esteem. The following work shows, based on the overall impact of aesthetic medicine on the lives of patients and on the basis of the characteristics of some basic treatments in aesthetic medicine (fillers, botulinum toxin type A, intralipotherapy, needle mesotherapy, chemical peels), how this area of medicine is linked with other specialties and why it should be treated as a separate field of medicine.
Cite this paper
Galęba, A. and Marcinkowski, J. (2015) Aesthetic Medicine―A Separate Field of Medicine, as a Combination of Many Medical Specialties. Open Journal of Nursing, 5, 158-162. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2015.52019.
Galęba, A. and Marcinkowski, J. (2015) Aesthetic Medicine―A Separate Field of Medicine, as a Combination of Many Medical Specialties. Open Journal of Nursing, 5, 158-162. doi: 10.4236/ojn.2015.52019.
References
[1] Galeba, A. (2011) Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients before and after the Selected Treatments in Aesthetic Medicine. Doctoral Thesis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan. [2] Dylewska-Grzelakowska, J. (1999) Kosmetyka Stosowana [Cosmetology Applied]. WSiP, Warsaw. [3] Galeba, A. and Bajurna, B. (2010) Influence of Aestheticmedicine to Function in Society. In: Glowacka, M.D. and Galicki, J., Eds., Efficient Management of Healthcarefacility, Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk o Zdrowiu, Poznan, 257-268. [4] Galeba, A., Bajurna, B. and Shankar, S. (2014) Premature Skin Aging—A Process That Can Be Slowed Down by Appropriate Prevention. Hygeia Public Health, 49, 708-711. [5] (2011) The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009. Nobelprize.org.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/ [6] Rotunda, A.M., Suzuki, H., Moy, R.L. and Kolodney, M.S. (2004) Detergent Effects of Sodium Deoxycholate Are a Major Feature of an Injectable Phosphatidylcholine Formulation Used for Localized Fat Dissolution. Dermatologic Surgery, 30, 1001-1008. [7] Rotunda, A.M., Ablon, G. and Kolodney, M.S. (2005) Lipomas Treated with Subcutaneous Deoxycholate Injections. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 53, 973-978.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.068 [8] Palumbo, P., Melchiorre, E., La Torre, C., Miconi, G., Cinque, B., Marchesani, G., Zoccali, G., Maione, M., Macchiarelli, G., Vitale, A.R., Leocata, P., Cifone, M.G. and Giuliani, M. (2010) Effects of Phosphatidylcholine and Sodium Deoxycholate on Human Primary Adipocytes and Fresh Human Adipose Tissue. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 23, 481-489. [9] Hasengschwandtner, F. (2005) Phosphatidylcholine Treatment to Induce Lipolysis. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4, 308-313.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.00211.x [10] Salles, A.G., Valler, C.S. and Ferreira, M.C. (2006) Histologic Response to Injected Phosphatidylcholine in Fat Tissue: Experimental Study in a New Rabbit Model. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 30, 479-485.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-005-0210-1 [11] Schuller-Petrovic, S., Wölkart, G., Höfler, G., Neuhold, N., Freisinger, F. and Brunner, F. (2008) Tissue-Toxic Effects of Phosphatidylcholine/Deoxycholate after Subcutaneous Injection for Fat Dissolution in Rats and a Human Volunteer. Dermatologic Surgery, 34, 529-543. [12] Hoffmann, K. (2010) Injectionlipolysis. Der Hautarzt, 61, 847-855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-1984-x [13] Ishii, C.H. (2013) Book Review: Be Your Best: A Comprehensive Guide to Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Written by the Experts. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 33, NP5-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090820X12467791 [14] Huang, W., Foster, J.A. and Rogachefsky, A.S. (2000) Pharmacology of Botulinum Toxin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 43, 249-259.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2000.105567 [15] Adamski, Z. and Kaszuba, A. (2008) Dermatologia dla kosmetologów [Dermatology for Cosmetologists]. Wydawnic-two Naukowe Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu, Poznan, 265-274. [16] Galeba, A. (2010) Mezoterapia—Jako jedna z metod biorewitalizacji skóry [Mesotherapy—As a Method of Skin Biorevitalization]. Dermatologia Estetyczna, 1, 34-40. [17] Glen, T., Porter, M.D., Francis, B. and Quinn Jr., M.D. (2004) Preoperative Evaluation of the Aesthetic Patient.
http://www2.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Preop-eval-2004-0421/Preop-eval-slides-2004-0421.pdf [18] Clifford, M. and Walster, E. (1973) The Effect of Physical Attractiveness on Teacher Expectations. Sociology of Education, 46, 248-258. [19] Riniolo, T.C., Johnson, T.R. and Misso, J.A. (2006) Hot or Not: Do Professors Perceived as Physically Attractive Receive Higher Student Evaluations. The Journal of General Psychology, 133, 19-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/GENP.133.1.19-35 [20] Marlowe, C.M., Schneider, S.L. and Nielson, C.E. (1996) Gender and Attractiveness Biases in Hiring Decisions: Are More Experienced Managers Less Biased? Journal of Applied Psychology, 8, 11-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.1.11 [21] Hamermes, D.S. and Biddle, J.E. (1994) Beauty and the Labor Market. The American Economic Review, 84, 1174-1194. [22] Feingold, A. (1992) Good-Looking People Are Not What We Think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304-341. [23] Langlois, J.H., Roggman, L.A. and Rieser-Danner, L.A. (1990) Infants’ Differential Social Responses to Attractive and Unattractivefaces. Developmental Psychology, 26, 153-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.1.153
[1] Galeba, A. (2011) Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients before and after the Selected Treatments in Aesthetic Medicine. Doctoral Thesis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan. [2] Dylewska-Grzelakowska, J. (1999) Kosmetyka Stosowana [Cosmetology Applied]. WSiP, Warsaw. [3] Galeba, A. and Bajurna, B. (2010) Influence of Aestheticmedicine to Function in Society. In: Glowacka, M.D. and Galicki, J., Eds., Efficient Management of Healthcarefacility, Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk o Zdrowiu, Poznan, 257-268. [4] Galeba, A., Bajurna, B. and Shankar, S. (2014) Premature Skin Aging—A Process That Can Be Slowed Down by Appropriate Prevention. Hygeia Public Health, 49, 708-711. [5] (2011) The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009. Nobelprize.org.
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2009/ [6] Rotunda, A.M., Suzuki, H., Moy, R.L. and Kolodney, M.S. (2004) Detergent Effects of Sodium Deoxycholate Are a Major Feature of an Injectable Phosphatidylcholine Formulation Used for Localized Fat Dissolution. Dermatologic Surgery, 30, 1001-1008. [7] Rotunda, A.M., Ablon, G. and Kolodney, M.S. (2005) Lipomas Treated with Subcutaneous Deoxycholate Injections. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 53, 973-978.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.068 [8] Palumbo, P., Melchiorre, E., La Torre, C., Miconi, G., Cinque, B., Marchesani, G., Zoccali, G., Maione, M., Macchiarelli, G., Vitale, A.R., Leocata, P., Cifone, M.G. and Giuliani, M. (2010) Effects of Phosphatidylcholine and Sodium Deoxycholate on Human Primary Adipocytes and Fresh Human Adipose Tissue. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 23, 481-489. [9] Hasengschwandtner, F. (2005) Phosphatidylcholine Treatment to Induce Lipolysis. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 4, 308-313.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.00211.x [10] Salles, A.G., Valler, C.S. and Ferreira, M.C. (2006) Histologic Response to Injected Phosphatidylcholine in Fat Tissue: Experimental Study in a New Rabbit Model. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 30, 479-485.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00266-005-0210-1 [11] Schuller-Petrovic, S., Wölkart, G., Höfler, G., Neuhold, N., Freisinger, F. and Brunner, F. (2008) Tissue-Toxic Effects of Phosphatidylcholine/Deoxycholate after Subcutaneous Injection for Fat Dissolution in Rats and a Human Volunteer. Dermatologic Surgery, 34, 529-543. [12] Hoffmann, K. (2010) Injectionlipolysis. Der Hautarzt, 61, 847-855.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00105-010-1984-x [13] Ishii, C.H. (2013) Book Review: Be Your Best: A Comprehensive Guide to Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Written by the Experts. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 33, NP5-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090820X12467791 [14] Huang, W., Foster, J.A. and Rogachefsky, A.S. (2000) Pharmacology of Botulinum Toxin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 43, 249-259.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2000.105567 [15] Adamski, Z. and Kaszuba, A. (2008) Dermatologia dla kosmetologów [Dermatology for Cosmetologists]. Wydawnic-two Naukowe Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu, Poznan, 265-274. [16] Galeba, A. (2010) Mezoterapia—Jako jedna z metod biorewitalizacji skóry [Mesotherapy—As a Method of Skin Biorevitalization]. Dermatologia Estetyczna, 1, 34-40. [17] Glen, T., Porter, M.D., Francis, B. and Quinn Jr., M.D. (2004) Preoperative Evaluation of the Aesthetic Patient.
http://www2.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/Preop-eval-2004-0421/Preop-eval-slides-2004-0421.pdf [18] Clifford, M. and Walster, E. (1973) The Effect of Physical Attractiveness on Teacher Expectations. Sociology of Education, 46, 248-258. [19] Riniolo, T.C., Johnson, T.R. and Misso, J.A. (2006) Hot or Not: Do Professors Perceived as Physically Attractive Receive Higher Student Evaluations. The Journal of General Psychology, 133, 19-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/GENP.133.1.19-35 [20] Marlowe, C.M., Schneider, S.L. and Nielson, C.E. (1996) Gender and Attractiveness Biases in Hiring Decisions: Are More Experienced Managers Less Biased? Journal of Applied Psychology, 8, 11-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.1.11 [21] Hamermes, D.S. and Biddle, J.E. (1994) Beauty and the Labor Market. The American Economic Review, 84, 1174-1194. [22] Feingold, A. (1992) Good-Looking People Are Not What We Think. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 304-341. [23] Langlois, J.H., Roggman, L.A. and Rieser-Danner, L.A. (1990) Infants’ Differential Social Responses to Attractive and Unattractivefaces. Developmental Psychology, 26, 153-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.1.153