The Nature of Dark Matter and of Dark Energy
Author(s)
Jacob Schaf*
Affiliation(s)
Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present work is showing that the observed non-Keplerian rotation of the galaxies is predicted by the space dynamic gravitational mechanism without dark matter and that the current explanation of the galactic gravitational dynamics in terms of dark matter is hypothetical. Visibly, the need of dark matter is an emergency created by a mistaken view about the nature of space and gravitation. Furthermore, in the view of the present work, the accelerated expansion of the universe is expansion of the Higgs quantum space itself, driven by minimization of its total energy. Spontaneous breaking of the U(1) gauge symmetry and Bose-Einstein condensation of the Higgs bosons creates a potential energy well in the form of the Mexican sombrero. If the density φ*φ of the condensate is larger than the equilibrium density, then the Higgs quantum space can minimize its energy by volumetric expansion. The idea that the accelerated expansion of the universe is driven by a positive potential energy, dubbed dark energy, needs to be unveiled.
The aim of the present work is showing that the observed non-Keplerian rotation of the galaxies is predicted by the space dynamic gravitational mechanism without dark matter and that the current explanation of the galactic gravitational dynamics in terms of dark matter is hypothetical. Visibly, the need of dark matter is an emergency created by a mistaken view about the nature of space and gravitation. Furthermore, in the view of the present work, the accelerated expansion of the universe is expansion of the Higgs quantum space itself, driven by minimization of its total energy. Spontaneous breaking of the U(1) gauge symmetry and Bose-Einstein condensation of the Higgs bosons creates a potential energy well in the form of the Mexican sombrero. If the density φ*φ of the condensate is larger than the equilibrium density, then the Higgs quantum space can minimize its energy by volumetric expansion. The idea that the accelerated expansion of the universe is driven by a positive potential energy, dubbed dark energy, needs to be unveiled.
Cite this paper
Schaf, J. (2015) The Nature of Dark Matter and of Dark Energy. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 224-238. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.63028.
Schaf, J. (2015) The Nature of Dark Matter and of Dark Energy. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 224-238. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2015.63028.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/158003 [3] Remmen, G. (2010) Journal of Undergraduate Research in Physics, 1. [4] Schaf, J. (2014) Recent Progress in Space Technology, 4, 44-66. [5] Schaf, J. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 407-448.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.56053 [6] Schaf, J. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 676-685.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.45095 [7] Schaf, J. (2012) Journal of Modern Physics, 3, 714-749.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2012.38097 [8] Schaf, J. (2009) Physics Essays, 22, 435.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3211086 [9] Schaf, J. (2003) Physics Essays, 16, 213.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-004-0092-8 [12] Hatch, R.R. (2004) Foundations of Physics, 34, 1725.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/307221
[1] Rubin, V. and Ford Jr., W.K. (1970) Astrophysical Journal, 159, 379.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/150317 [2] Rubin, V., Thonnard, N. and Ford Jr., W.K. (1980) Astrophysical Journal, 238, 471.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/158003 [3] Remmen, G. (2010) Journal of Undergraduate Research in Physics, 1. [4] Schaf, J. (2014) Recent Progress in Space Technology, 4, 44-66. [5] Schaf, J. (2014) Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 407-448.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2014.56053 [6] Schaf, J. (2013) Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 676-685.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.45095 [7] Schaf, J. (2012) Journal of Modern Physics, 3, 714-749.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2012.38097 [8] Schaf, J. (2009) Physics Essays, 22, 435.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3211086 [9] Schaf, J. (2003) Physics Essays, 16, 213.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3025578 [10] Hatch, R.R. (2007) Physics Essays, 20, 83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3073811 [11] Hatch, R.R. (2004) GPS Solutions, 8, 67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-004-0092-8 [12] Hatch, R.R. (2004) Foundations of Physics, 34, 1725.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10701-004-1313-2 [13] Prada, F., Gutierrez, C., Peletier, R.F. and McKeith, C.D. (1996) A Counter-Rotating Bulge in the Sb Galaxy NGC 7331. [14] Turyshev, S.G. and Toth, V.T. (2010) The Pioneer Anomaly. [15] Anderson, J.D., Laing, P.A., Lau, E.L., Liu, A.S., Nieto, M.M. and Turyshev, S.G. (2002) Physical Review D, 65. [16] Barbanis, B. and Prendergast, K.H. (1966) The Astronomical Journal, 72, 215.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/110220 [17] Riess, A., et al. (1998) Astronomical Journal, 116, 1009. [18] Perlmutter, S., et al. (1999) Astrophysical Journal, 517, 565.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/307221