Distribution Behaviour of Dimethoate in Tea Leaf
ABSTRACT
A study was undertaken to assess the distribution behaviour of Dimethoate in tea leaf. Tea bushes were subjected to Dimethoate spray at recommended dose and double the recommended doses. The extraction of pesticide was done using chloroform and the analysis was done using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 series II gas chromatograph with Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (NPD). The penetration behaviour of Dimethoate was studied in dry and wet seasons. Variations in penetration were observed in dry and wet seasons which was attributed to climatic factors like temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunlight and physicochemical properties of the residue like water solubility, partition coefficient and formulation type. Residues observed in the cell wall and tissues confirm its good penetrating ability inspite of its hydrophilic nature. Higher penetration in wet season as indicated can be attributed to the route through the stomatal pores.
A study was undertaken to assess the distribution behaviour of Dimethoate in tea leaf. Tea bushes were subjected to Dimethoate spray at recommended dose and double the recommended doses. The extraction of pesticide was done using chloroform and the analysis was done using a Hewlett-Packard 5890 series II gas chromatograph with Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (NPD). The penetration behaviour of Dimethoate was studied in dry and wet seasons. Variations in penetration were observed in dry and wet seasons which was attributed to climatic factors like temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunlight and physicochemical properties of the residue like water solubility, partition coefficient and formulation type. Residues observed in the cell wall and tissues confirm its good penetrating ability inspite of its hydrophilic nature. Higher penetration in wet season as indicated can be attributed to the route through the stomatal pores.
Cite this paper
nullS. Jaggi, B. singh and A. Shanker, "Distribution Behaviour of Dimethoate in Tea Leaf," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 2 No. 4, 2011, pp. 482-488. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.24056.
nullS. Jaggi, B. singh and A. Shanker, "Distribution Behaviour of Dimethoate in Tea Leaf," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 2 No. 4, 2011, pp. 482-488. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.24056.
References
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[1] T. C. Choudhuri, “Pesticide Residues in Tea,” Global advances in Tea Science, 1999, pp. 369-378. [2] Anonymous, “Tea,” The Planters Chronicle, Vol. 90, No. 7-9, 1990, p. 319. [3] N. Muraleedharan, “Pesticide Residues in Tea: Problems and Perspectives.” The Planters Chronicle, Vol. 9, 1994, pp. 371-375. [4] Q. Chen, “Tea—the Best Drinking for Health,” China Tea, Vol. 3, No. 28, 1985. [5] Z. Deng, B. Tao and X. Li, “Effect of Tea on the Living Time of Musca Domesticas and the Anti-Stress of KM Rats.” Journal of Nanchang University, Vol. 19, No. 2, 1997, pp. 69-72. [6] G. S. Hartley and I. J. Graham-Bryce, “Physical Principles of Pesticide Behaviour,” Vol. 1-2, Academic Press, London, 1980. [7] J. Schonherr, and P. Baur, “Cuticle Permeability Studies: a Model for Estimating Leaching of Plant Metabolites to Leaf Surface.” Journal of Aerial Plant Surface Microbiology, 1989, pp. 1-23. [8] P. Cabras, A. Angioni, P. Caboni, V. L. Garau, M. Melis, F. M. Pirsi and F. Cabitza, “Distribution of Folpet on the Grape Surface after Treatment,” Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2000, pp. 915-916. doi:10.1021/jf990069u [9] P. Cabras, A. Angioni, V. Garau, M. Melis, F. M. Pirsi and E. V. Minelli, “The Effect of Epicuticular Waxes on Fruits of Fenthion,” Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol. 45, No. 9, 1997, pp. 3681-3683. doi:10.1021/jf970102h [10] S. Jaggi, C. Sood, V. Kumar, S. D. Ravindranath and A. Shanker, “Leaching of Pesticide in Tea Brew,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001, Vol. 49, No. 11, pp. 5479-5483. doi:10.1021/jf010436d [11] C. Sood, S, Jaggi, V. Kumar, S. D. Ravindranath and A. Shanker, “Effect of Various Manufacturing Stages on Pesticide Residues in Tea.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. Vol. 84, No. 15, 2004, pp 2123- 2127. doi:10.1002/jsfa.1774 [12] R. E. McDonald, H. E. Nordby and T. G. Mccollum, “Epicuticular wax morphology and composition related to grape fruit injury,” Horticulture Science, Vol. 28, 1993, pp. 311-312. [13] P. Baur, “Effects on Cuticular Penetration of Neutral Polar Compounds: Dependence on Humidity and Temperature,” Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, Vol. 47, No. 2, 1999, pp. 753-761. doi:10.1021/jf980507h [14] G. G. Briggs, R. H. Bromilow and A. A. Evans, “Relationship between Lipophilicity and Root uptake and Translocation of Non-Ionised Chemicals in Barley.” Pesticide Science, Vol. 13, No. 5, 1982, pp. 294-504. doi:10.1002/ps.2780130506 [15] R. E. Gaskin, K. D. Steele and W. A. Forster, “Characterizing Plant Surfaces for Spray Adhesion and Retention.” New Zealand Plant Protection, Vol. 58, 2005, pp. 179-183.