Classification Method fo Urban Solid Waste Disposal Sites
ABSTRACT
One of the environmental liabilities left by abandoned urban waste disposal sites, closed without the correct procedures, is the risk of exposure to their effluents, whose emissions may occur for many years. The purpose of the proposed methodology, referred to as SISTAVAFE, an assessment system of a closed landfill, is to contribute in the risk assess- ment of exposure to leachate as well as to suggest procedures for site monitoring, according to different levels of care and urgency. The method is based on four matrices that help make an initial evaluation of the risk source, potential target and the surface and underground environmental paths. This paper only addresses the contamination caused by liquid effluents.
One of the environmental liabilities left by abandoned urban waste disposal sites, closed without the correct procedures, is the risk of exposure to their effluents, whose emissions may occur for many years. The purpose of the proposed methodology, referred to as SISTAVAFE, an assessment system of a closed landfill, is to contribute in the risk assess- ment of exposure to leachate as well as to suggest procedures for site monitoring, according to different levels of care and urgency. The method is based on four matrices that help make an initial evaluation of the risk source, potential target and the surface and underground environmental paths. This paper only addresses the contamination caused by liquid effluents.
KEYWORDS
Environmental Impact, Solid Waste Landfill, Later Occupation, Risk of Exposure, Leachate, Classification Tool, Multi-Criteria Analysis
Environmental Impact, Solid Waste Landfill, Later Occupation, Risk of Exposure, Leachate, Classification Tool, Multi-Criteria Analysis
Cite this paper
nullA. Schueler and C. Mahler, "Classification Method fo Urban Solid Waste Disposal Sites," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 2 No. 4, 2011, pp. 473-481. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.24055.
nullA. Schueler and C. Mahler, "Classification Method fo Urban Solid Waste Disposal Sites," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol. 2 No. 4, 2011, pp. 473-481. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.24055.
References
[1] Brazilian Technical Standards Association, “Non-Haz- ardous Waste Landfills—Criteria for Design, Implementation and Operation—Procedure (NBR-13896),” ABNT- Associa??o Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Rio de Janeiro, 1997. [2] G. Andreottola and P. Cannas, “Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Landfill Leachate,” In: T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu and R. Stegman, Eds., Landfilling of Waste: Leachate, 1997, pp. 65-88 [3] O. A. Filho, L. E. S. Cerri and C. J. Amenomori, “Geologic Risks. Conceptual Aspects,” I Simpósio Latino-Americano sobre Risco Geológico Urbano, S?o Paulo, 1990, pp. 334-341. (in Portuguese) [4] R. Fell, “Landslide Risk Assessment and Acceptable Risk”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, 1994, pp. 261-272. [5] R. Fell and D. Hartford, “Landslide Risk Management,” Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Landslide Risk Assessment, Hawaii, 19-21 February 1997, pp. 51-109. [6] S. Heitefuss and K. Turk, “Additional Processing Notes for Establishing Regional Lists of Priorities and Regional Waiting Lists by the Regional Commission for Assessment A. Old Landfill Facts: First assessment of Old Landfill Disposal at Proof Level 1,” 1994, 8S., 7 Abb. (in German) [7] IPT/CEMPRE “Local Waste: Handbook on Integrated Management,” Institute of Technological Research, 1st Edition, S?o Paulo, 2000. [8] Mahler, C. F.; Lima, G. S. A. “Applying the value analysis and fuzzy logic to select areas for installing waste fills. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment” (EMA), 2002. [9] A. T. Ogura, “Riesgos Geologicos Urbanos”. Clases Dictadas en el Curso Formación en Aspectos Geológicos de Protección Ambiental. Instituto de Geociencias de la Universidad Estatal de Campinas - UNICAMP, S?o Paulo, Vol. 1, 1995, pp. 89-101. [10] A. S. Schueler, “Case Study and Proposed Assessment of Degraded Areas by Disposal of Urban Solid Waste” Ph.D. Thesis, Coppe-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Rio de Janeiro, 2005. [11] A. Pires, G. Martinho, N.-B. Chang, “Solid Waste Management in European Countries: A Review of Systems Analysis Techniques” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 92, No. 4, 2011, pp. 1033-1050. [12] G. Tchobanoglous, H. Theisen and S. A. Vigil, “Integrated Solid Waste Management”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993. [13] Ministry of Health Rule 518.
[1] Brazilian Technical Standards Association, “Non-Haz- ardous Waste Landfills—Criteria for Design, Implementation and Operation—Procedure (NBR-13896),” ABNT- Associa??o Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Rio de Janeiro, 1997. [2] G. Andreottola and P. Cannas, “Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Landfill Leachate,” In: T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu and R. Stegman, Eds., Landfilling of Waste: Leachate, 1997, pp. 65-88 [3] O. A. Filho, L. E. S. Cerri and C. J. Amenomori, “Geologic Risks. Conceptual Aspects,” I Simpósio Latino-Americano sobre Risco Geológico Urbano, S?o Paulo, 1990, pp. 334-341. (in Portuguese) [4] R. Fell, “Landslide Risk Assessment and Acceptable Risk”. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, 1994, pp. 261-272. [5] R. Fell and D. Hartford, “Landslide Risk Management,” Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Landslide Risk Assessment, Hawaii, 19-21 February 1997, pp. 51-109. [6] S. Heitefuss and K. Turk, “Additional Processing Notes for Establishing Regional Lists of Priorities and Regional Waiting Lists by the Regional Commission for Assessment A. Old Landfill Facts: First assessment of Old Landfill Disposal at Proof Level 1,” 1994, 8S., 7 Abb. (in German) [7] IPT/CEMPRE “Local Waste: Handbook on Integrated Management,” Institute of Technological Research, 1st Edition, S?o Paulo, 2000. [8] Mahler, C. F.; Lima, G. S. A. “Applying the value analysis and fuzzy logic to select areas for installing waste fills. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment” (EMA), 2002. [9] A. T. Ogura, “Riesgos Geologicos Urbanos”. Clases Dictadas en el Curso Formación en Aspectos Geológicos de Protección Ambiental. Instituto de Geociencias de la Universidad Estatal de Campinas - UNICAMP, S?o Paulo, Vol. 1, 1995, pp. 89-101. [10] A. S. Schueler, “Case Study and Proposed Assessment of Degraded Areas by Disposal of Urban Solid Waste” Ph.D. Thesis, Coppe-Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Rio de Janeiro, 2005. [11] A. Pires, G. Martinho, N.-B. Chang, “Solid Waste Management in European Countries: A Review of Systems Analysis Techniques” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 92, No. 4, 2011, pp. 1033-1050. [12] G. Tchobanoglous, H. Theisen and S. A. Vigil, “Integrated Solid Waste Management”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993. [13] Ministry of Health Rule 518.