Ceria-Based Mixed Oxide Supported CuO: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Conversion of Cellulose to Sorbitol
Author(s)
Bashir Ahmad Dar1,2,3*,
Sara Khalid2,
Tariq Ahmad Wani1,
Mushtaq Ahmad Mir3,
Mazahar Farooqui3
Affiliation(s)
1 Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India. 2 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. 3 Post Graduate and Research Center, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, India.
1 Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India. 2 Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR), Hyderabad, India. 3 Post Graduate and Research Center, Maulana Azad College, Aurangabad, India.
ABSTRACT
A series of CeO2-Al2O3, CeO2-TiO2, CeO2-ZrO2, and CeO2-SiO2 mixed-oxide supported copper catalysts were prepared by a modified deposition-precipitation method from ultra dilute aqueous solutions and were investigated for hydrogenolysis of cellulose in aqueous medium, in the presence of hydrogen to produce sorbitol as major product. Among all the catalysts tested in the present work, CuO/CeO2ZrO2 catalyst proved to be the most promising with high conversion (92%) and excellent selectivity (sorbitol 99.1%), at an intermediate reaction temperature of 245°C in a neutral aqueous solution without an aid of liquid phase acid. The catalyst was recyclable in repeated runs and no deactivation was observed even after five reaction cycles. CuO/CeO2-ZrO2 has been characterized by XRD, SEM, TPR and BET surface area techniques.
A series of CeO2-Al2O3, CeO2-TiO2, CeO2-ZrO2, and CeO2-SiO2 mixed-oxide supported copper catalysts were prepared by a modified deposition-precipitation method from ultra dilute aqueous solutions and were investigated for hydrogenolysis of cellulose in aqueous medium, in the presence of hydrogen to produce sorbitol as major product. Among all the catalysts tested in the present work, CuO/CeO2ZrO2 catalyst proved to be the most promising with high conversion (92%) and excellent selectivity (sorbitol 99.1%), at an intermediate reaction temperature of 245°C in a neutral aqueous solution without an aid of liquid phase acid. The catalyst was recyclable in repeated runs and no deactivation was observed even after five reaction cycles. CuO/CeO2-ZrO2 has been characterized by XRD, SEM, TPR and BET surface area techniques.
Cite this paper
Dar, B. , Khalid, S. , Wani, T. , Mir, M. and Farooqui, M. (2015) Ceria-Based Mixed Oxide Supported CuO: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Conversion of Cellulose to Sorbitol. Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 5, 15-24. doi: 10.4236/gsc.2015.51003.
Dar, B. , Khalid, S. , Wani, T. , Mir, M. and Farooqui, M. (2015) Ceria-Based Mixed Oxide Supported CuO: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Conversion of Cellulose to Sorbitol. Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 5, 15-24. doi: 10.4236/gsc.2015.51003.
References
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[1] Kunkes, E.L., Simonetti, D.A., West, R.M., Serrano-Ruiz, J.C., Gartner, C.A. and Dumesic, J.A. (2008) Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Monofunctional Hydrocarbons and Targeted Liquid-Fuel Classes. Science, 322, 417-421.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1159210 [2] Lichtenthaler, F.W. and Mondel, S. (1997) Perspectives in the Use of Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates as Organic Raw Materials. Pure & Applied Chemistry, 69, 1853-1866.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199769091853 [3] Pang, J., Wang, A., Zheng, M., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, X. and Zhang, T. (2012) Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to Hexitols with Mesoporous Carbon Supported Ni-Based Bimetallic Catalysts. Green Chemistry, 14, 614-617.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2gc16364k [4] Rinaldi, R. and Schüth, F. (2009) Design of Solid Catalysts for the Conversion of Biomass. Energy & Environmental Science, 2, 610-626.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b902668a [5] Zhang, Y.H.P. and Lynd, L.R. (2004) Toward an Aggregated Understanding of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose: Noncomplexed Cellulase Systems. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 88, 797-824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.20282 [6] Zhang, Y.-H.P., Cui, J., Lynd, L.R. and Kuang, L.R. (2006) A Transition from Cellulose Swelling to Cellulose Dissolution by o-Phosphoric Acid: Evidence from Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Supramolecular Structure. Biomacromolecules, 7, 644-648.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm050799c [7] Li, C. and Zhao, Z.K. (2007) Efficient Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Ionic Liquid. Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, 349, 1847-1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200700259 [8] Shimizu, K., Furukawa, H., Kobayashi, N., Itaya, Y. and Satsuma, A. (2009) Effects of Bronsted and Lewis Acidities on Activity and Selectivity of Heteropolyacid-Based Catalysts for Hydrolysis of Cellobiose and Cellulose. Green Chemistry, 11, 1627-1632.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b913737h [9] Sasaki, M., Fang, Z., Fukushima, Y., Adschiri, T. and Arai, K. (2000) Dissolution and Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Subcritical and Supercritical Water. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 39, 2883-2890.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie990690j [10] Palkovits, R., Tajvidi, K., Procelewska, J., Rinaldi, R. and Kükrek, M. (2009) For the Hydrogenolysis of Cellulose in Aqueous Media. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 8, 1046. [11] Fukuoka, A. and Dhepe, P.L. (2006) Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose into Sugar Alcohols. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45, 5161-5163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200601921 [12] Luo, C., Wang, S. and Liu, H. (2007) Cellulose Conversion into Polyols Catalyzed by Reversibly Formed Acids and Supported Ruthenium Clusters in Hot Water. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46, 7636-7639.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200702661 [13] Sharkov, V.I. (1963) Production of Polyhydric Alcohols from Wood Polysaccharides. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2, 405-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196304051 [14] Palkovits, R., Tajvidi, K., Procelewska, J., Rinaldi, R. and Ruppert, A. (2010) Hydrogenolysis of Cellulose Combining Mineral Acids and Hydrogenation Catalysts. Green Chemistry, 12, 972-978.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c000075b [15] Zhao, H., Kwak, J.H., Wang, Y., Franz, J.A., White, J.M. and Holladay, J.E. (2006) Effects of Crystallinity on Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose by Cellulose Ball-Milling Study. Energy and Fuels, 20, 807-811.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef050319a [16] Wulf, P.D., Soetaert, W. and Vandamme, E.J. (2000) Optimized Synthesis of L-Sorbose by C5-Dehydrogenation of D-Sorbitol with Gluconobacter oxydans. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 69, 339-343.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0290(20000805)69:3<339::AID-BIT12>3.0.CO;2-E [17] Huber, G.W., Shabaker, J.W. and Dumesic, J.A. (2003) Raney Ni-Sn Catalyst for H2 Production from Biomass-Derived Hydrocarbons. Science, 300, 2075-2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1085597 [18] Davda, R.R. and Dumesic, J.A. (2004) Renewable Hydrogen by Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Glucose. Chemical Communications, No. 1, 36-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b310152e [19] Brown, A.T. and Patterson, C.E. (1973) Ethanol Production and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Streptococcus mutans. Archives of Oral Biology, 18, 127-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(73)90027-7 [20] Dhepe, P.L. and Fukuoka, A. (2007) Cracking of Cellulose over Supported Metal Catalysts. Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 11, 186-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10563-007-9033-1 [21] Dar, B.A., Sahu, A.K., Patidar, P., Sharma, P.R., Mupparapu, N., Vyas, D., Maity, S., Sharma, M. and Singh, B. (2012) Heteropolyacid-Clay Nano-Composite as a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-quinazolinones. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19, 407-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.08.027 [22] Dar, B.A., Dadhwal, S., Singh, G., Garg, P., Sharma, P. and Singh, B. (2013) Vapour Phase Conversion of Glycerol to Acrolein over Supported Copper. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 38, 37-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0395-y [23] Dar, B.A., Mohsin, M., Basit, A. and Farooqui, M. (2011) Sand: A Natural and Potential Catalyst in Renowned Friedel Craft’s Acylation of Aromatic Compounds. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 17, 177-180.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.03.004 [24] Dar, B.A., Singh, A., Sahu, A.K., Patidar, P., Chakraborty, A., Sharma, M. and Singh, B. (2012) Catalyst and Solvent-Free, Ultrasound Promoted Rapid Protocol for the One-Pot Synthesis of α-Aminophosphonates at Room Temperature. Tetrahedron Letters, 53, 5497-5502.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.123 [25] Dar, B.A., Sharma, M. and Singh, B. (2012) Ceria-Based Mixed Oxide Supported Nano-Gold as an Efficient and Durable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Amines to Imines Using Molecular Oxygen. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 7, 79-84. [26] Dar, B.A. and Farooqui, M. (2011) article title. Orbital: The Electronic Journal of Chemistry, 3, 89. [27] Nikakhtari, H. and Hill, G.A. (2005) Enhanced Oxygen Mass Transfer in an External Loop Airlift Bioreactor Using a Packed Bed. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44, 1067-1072.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie0494925 [28] Reddy, E.L., Karuppiah, J., Biju, V.M. and Subrahmanyam, Ch. (2013) Catalytic Packedbed Nonthermal Plasma Reactor for the Extraction of Hydrogen from Hydrogen Sulfide. International Journal of Energy Research, 37, 1280- 1286. [29] Bhalla, V., Carrara, S., Stagni, C. and Samori, B. (2010) Chip Cleaning and Regeneration for Electrochemical Sensor Arrays. Thin Solid Films, 518, 3360-3366.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2009.10.022 [30] Diaz, E., de Rivas, B., Lopez-Fonseca, R., Ordonez, S. and Gutierrez-Ortiz, J.I. (2006) Characterization of Ceria- Zirconia Mixed Oxides as Catalysts for the Combustion of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Inverse Gas Chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1116, 230-239.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.043 [31] Avgouropoulosa, G., Ioannidesa, T. and Matralis, H. (2005) Influence of the Preparation Method on the Performance of CuO-CeO2 Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of CO. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 56, 87-93.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.07.017 [32] Liu, L., Yao, Z., Liu, B. and Dong, L. (2010) Correlation of Structural Characteristics with Catalytic Performance of CuO/CexZr1-xO2 Catalysts for NO Reduction by CO. Journal of Catalysis, 275, 45-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2010.07.024 [33] Zhang, R., Teoh, W.Y., Amal, R., Chen, B. and Kaliaguine, S. (2010) Catalytic Reduction of NO by CO over Cu/ CexZr1-xO2 Prepared by Flame Synthesis. Journal of Catalysis, 272, 210-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2010.04.001 [34] Liang, Q., Wu, X., Weng, D. and Lu, Z.X. (2008) Selective Oxidation of Soot over Cu Doped Ceria/Ceria-Zirconia Catalysts. Catalysis Communications, 9, 202-206.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2007.06.007 [35] Marban, G., Lopez, I. and Valdes-Solís, T. (2009) Preferential Oxidation of CO by CuOx/CeO2 Nanocatalysts Prepared by SACOP. Mechanisms of Deactivation under the Reactant Stream. Applied Catalysis A: General, 361, 160-169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.04.014 [36] Luo, M.F., Song, Y.P., Lu, J.Q., Wang, X.Y. and Pu, Z.Y. (2007) Identification of CuO Species in High Surface Area CuO-CeO2 Catalysts and Their Catalytic Activities for CO Oxidation. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111, 12686- 12692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0733217 [37] Zimmer, P., Tschope, A. and Birringer, R. (2002) Temperature-Programmed Reaction Spectroscopy of Ceria- and Cu/ Ceria-Supported Oxide Catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 205, 339-345.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2001.3461 [38] Dong, X.F., Zou, H.B. and Lin, W.M. (2006) Effect of Preparation Conditions of CuO-CeO2-ZrO2 Catalyst on CO Removal from Hydrogen-Rich Gas. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 31, 2337-2344.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.03.006 [39] Gutierrez-Ortiz, J.I., de Rivas, B., Lopez-Fonseca, R. and Gonzalez-Velasco, J.R. (2006) Catalytic Purification of Waste Gases Containing VOC Mixtures with Ce/Zr Solid Solutions. Applied Catalysis B, 65, 191-200.
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