Adaptation of Resilience against Disaster— Case Study of 2000 Tokai Flood and 2011 Flood in Shonai River, Japan
ABSTRACT
In this study, the application of the resilience concept of the flood event depending on progress of the time is analyzed as the hazard occurrence, the disaster risk, the damage risk, and the evolution of the damages. Flood disaster is defined as the occurrence of an inundation in an exposed area. The human exposure (loss of life, injury, …), structural (buildings, roads, …) and functional (economic, political, … functions of an area) economic exposure cause high risk of damage if the area in which the hazard occurs is at low resilience. Furthermore the damage will increase without adequate response against disaster. The flood disaster risk is decreased by flood control measures, reducing structural and functional exposure. Non-structural measures, such as appropriate prior-evacuation, decrease the human exposure to flood disaster. This study reviews the events of 2000 and 2011 floods in the Shonai River basin in Japan to help assess resilience to flood disaster. These two events had the same type of hazards in intensity and location, allowing the study in terms of adaptation to flood disaster in the river basin to focus on the structural and nonstructural effort to increase resilience of the disaster depending on progress of the time.
In this study, the application of the resilience concept of the flood event depending on progress of the time is analyzed as the hazard occurrence, the disaster risk, the damage risk, and the evolution of the damages. Flood disaster is defined as the occurrence of an inundation in an exposed area. The human exposure (loss of life, injury, …), structural (buildings, roads, …) and functional (economic, political, … functions of an area) economic exposure cause high risk of damage if the area in which the hazard occurs is at low resilience. Furthermore the damage will increase without adequate response against disaster. The flood disaster risk is decreased by flood control measures, reducing structural and functional exposure. Non-structural measures, such as appropriate prior-evacuation, decrease the human exposure to flood disaster. This study reviews the events of 2000 and 2011 floods in the Shonai River basin in Japan to help assess resilience to flood disaster. These two events had the same type of hazards in intensity and location, allowing the study in terms of adaptation to flood disaster in the river basin to focus on the structural and nonstructural effort to increase resilience of the disaster depending on progress of the time.
Cite this paper
Thomas, M. , Obana, M. and Tsujimoto, T. (2015) Adaptation of Resilience against Disaster— Case Study of 2000 Tokai Flood and 2011 Flood in Shonai River, Japan. Natural Science, 7, 32-41. doi: 10.4236/ns.2015.71004.
Thomas, M. , Obana, M. and Tsujimoto, T. (2015) Adaptation of Resilience against Disaster— Case Study of 2000 Tokai Flood and 2011 Flood in Shonai River, Japan. Natural Science, 7, 32-41. doi: 10.4236/ns.2015.71004.
References
[1] Jonkman, S.N. (2005) Global Perspectives on Loss of Human Life Caused by Floods. Natural Hazards, 34, 151-175.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-004-8891-3 [2] Dauphiné, A. and Provitolo, D. (2007) La résilience: Un concept pour la gestion des risques. Annales de Géographie, 654, 115-125.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ag.654.0115 [3] Burton, I., Kates, R.W. and White, G.F. (1978) The Environment as Hazard. Oxford University Press, New York. [4] White, G.F., Calef, W.C., Hudson, J.W., Mayer, H.M., Schaeffer, J.R. and Volk, D.J. (1958) Changes in Urban Occupance of Flood Plains in the United States. Department of Geography Research Papers, 57. [5] Gallopin, C.G. (2006) Linkages between Vulnerability, Resilience, and Adaptive Capacity. Global Environmental Change, 16, 293-303.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004 [6] Thomas, M. and Tsujimoto, T. (2012) Vulnerability to Flood Risk in Japanese Urban Areas: Crisis Management and Emergency Response in Nagoya, for an Efficient Evacuation Management. WIT Transaction on Ecology and the Environment, Flood Recovery and Response IV, 184, 61-71.
[1] Jonkman, S.N. (2005) Global Perspectives on Loss of Human Life Caused by Floods. Natural Hazards, 34, 151-175.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-004-8891-3 [2] Dauphiné, A. and Provitolo, D. (2007) La résilience: Un concept pour la gestion des risques. Annales de Géographie, 654, 115-125.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ag.654.0115 [3] Burton, I., Kates, R.W. and White, G.F. (1978) The Environment as Hazard. Oxford University Press, New York. [4] White, G.F., Calef, W.C., Hudson, J.W., Mayer, H.M., Schaeffer, J.R. and Volk, D.J. (1958) Changes in Urban Occupance of Flood Plains in the United States. Department of Geography Research Papers, 57. [5] Gallopin, C.G. (2006) Linkages between Vulnerability, Resilience, and Adaptive Capacity. Global Environmental Change, 16, 293-303.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.004 [6] Thomas, M. and Tsujimoto, T. (2012) Vulnerability to Flood Risk in Japanese Urban Areas: Crisis Management and Emergency Response in Nagoya, for an Efficient Evacuation Management. WIT Transaction on Ecology and the Environment, Flood Recovery and Response IV, 184, 61-71.