Content Validation of the Dutch Version of the “Older Patients in Acute Care Survey”, an Instrument to Measure the Attitude of Hospital Nurses towards Older Patients
Author(s)
Andrea R. van Schelven1,
Jeroen Dikken2*,
Linda G. M. Sillekens3,
Dirkje D. Oldenhuis4,
Marieke J. Schuurmans5,
Jita G. Hoogerduijn2
Affiliation(s)
1 Sonneburgh Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2 Research Group Care for the Chronically Ill, Faculty of Health Care, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 3 Orbis Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands. 4 The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands. 5 Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
1 Sonneburgh Foundation, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2 Research Group Care for the Chronically Ill, Faculty of Health Care, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 3 Orbis Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands. 4 The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands. 5 Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
Aims and objectives: The aim of this study is to validate the “Older Patients in Acute Care Survey” (OPACS) in the Netherlands. Background: Worldwide the population of older people with multimorbidity increases which results in an increase of older hospitalized patients. Literature shows that nurses have a negative attitude towards older patients. To get insight and improve the attitude of nurses, a validated measurement instrument is needed. The OPACS measures hospital nurses' attitudes towards older patients and has proven good content validity in the USA and good face validity and reliability in Australia. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: First the OPACS was translated using forward-backward method and testing clarity of wording with a pilot. Second content validity was determined using “Method Lynn” and clarity of wording and appropriateness for measuring attitude were identified. Results: The OPACS showed acceptable content validity (CVI ≥ 0.78) for 14 items (out of 36) of Section A and 22 items (out of 50) of Section B. The content validity for the entire OPACS was (CVI = 0.62). 89.2% of the participants scored “clear in wording” and 75.6% of the participants qualified the OPACS appropriate for measuring attitude. Conclusions: The OPACS has good clarity of wording and good appropriateness for measuring attitude. The content validity is low which makes the current Dutch version not appropriate for measuring attitude of nurses in Dutch hospitals. Relevance to clinical practice: A measurement instrument to get insight in the attitude of nurses is a first step to improve a negative attitude. A positive attitude of nurses is important to provide good quality of care to the increasing population older people in hospitals. Working with reliable and validated scales is important. This study gives direction to make the OPACS suitable for the Dutch situation.
Cite this paper
Schelven, A. , Dikken, J. , Sillekens, L. , Oldenhuis, D. , Schuurmans, M. and Hoogerduijn, J. (2015) Content Validation of the Dutch Version of the “Older Patients in Acute Care Survey”, an Instrument to Measure the Attitude of Hospital Nurses towards Older Patients. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 7-18. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.61002.
Schelven, A. , Dikken, J. , Sillekens, L. , Oldenhuis, D. , Schuurmans, M. and Hoogerduijn, J. (2015) Content Validation of the Dutch Version of the “Older Patients in Acute Care Survey”, an Instrument to Measure the Attitude of Hospital Nurses towards Older Patients. International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6, 7-18. doi: 10.4236/ijcm.2015.61002.
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[1] World Health Organisation (2012) What Are the Public Health Implications of Global Ageing?
http://www.who.int/features/qa/42/en/index.html [2] RIVM (2012) Aging, Wat Are the Most Important Expectations for the Future?
http://www.nationaalkompas.nl/bevolking/vergrijzing/toekomst [3] RIVM (2012) Older People: Chronic Illness and Multimorbidity.
http://www.nationaalkompas.nl/thema-s/ouderen/gezondheid-en-ziekte/ziekten-en-aandoeningen/chronische-ziekten-en-multimorbiditeit/chronische-ziekten-en-multimorbiditeit/ [4] Narain, P., Rubenstein, L., Wieland, G., Rosbrook, B., Strome, L., Pietruszka, F., et al. (1988) Predictors of Immediate and 6-Month Outcomes in Hospitalized Elderly Patients. The Importance of Functional Status. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 36, 775-783. [5] Marengoni, A., Angleman, S., Melis, R., Mangialasche, F., Karp, A., Garmen, A., et al. (2011) Aging with Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Ageing Research Reviews, 10, 430-439.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2011.03.003 [6] Marengoni, A., Winblad, B., Karp, A. and Fratiglioni, L. (2008) Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and Multimorbidity among the Elderly Population in Sweden. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1198-1200.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.121137 [7] Fortin, M., Bravo, G., Hudon, C., Vanasse, A. and Lapointe, L. (2005) Prevalence of Multimorbidity among Adults Seen in Family Practice. Annals of Family Medicine, 3, 223-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.272 [8] Goncalves, D.C. (2009) From Loving Grandma to Working with Older Adults: Promoting Positive Attitudes towards Aging. Educational Gerontology, 35, 202-225. [9] Malmgreen, C., Graham, P.L., Shortridge-Baggett, L.M., Courtney, M. and Walsh, A. (2009) Establishing Content Validity of a Survey Research Instrument: The Older Patients in Acute Care Survey—United States. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 25, E14-E18.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NND.0b013e3181a689b4 [10] Higgins, I., Van der Riet, P., Slater, L. and Peek, C. (2007) The Negative Attitudes of Nurses towards Older Patients in the Acute Hospital Setting: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Contemporary Nurse, 26, 225-237.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.2007.26.2.225 [11] Courtney, M., Tong, S. and Walsh, A. (2000) Acute-Care Nurses’ Attitudes towards Older Patients: A Literature Review. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 6, 62-69. [12] Küçükgüçlü, Ö., Mert, H. and Akpinar, B. (2011) Reliability and Validity of Turkish Version of Attitudes toward Old People Scale. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20, 3196-3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03764.x [13] Baumbusch, J., Dahlke, S. and Phinney, A. (2012) Nursing Students’ Knowledge and Beliefs about Care of Older Adults in a Shifting Context of Nursing Education. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68, 2550-2558.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05958.x [14] Dawson, K.P. (1992) Attitude and Assessment in Nurse Education. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 473-479. [15] Bohner, G. and Wanke, M. (2002) Attitudes and Attitude Change. Psychology Press, Hove. [16] Jansen, D., Winifred, A. and Morse, W.A. (2004) Positively Influencing Student Nurse Attitudes toward Caring for Elders: Results of a Curriculum Assessment Study. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 25, 1-14. [17] Chen, S. and Walsh, S.M. (2009) Effect of a Creative-Bonding Intervention on Taiwanese Nursing Students’ Self-Transcendence and Attitudes toward Elders. Research in Nursing & Health, 32, 204-216.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.20310 [18] Gallagher, S., Bennett, K.M. and Halford, J.C.G. (2006) A Comparison of Acute and Long-Term Health-Care Personnel’s Attitudes towards Older Adults. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 12, 273-279.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2006.00582.x [19] Terwee, C.B., Bot, S.D.M., de Boer, M.R., van der Windt, D.A.W.M., Knol, D.L., Dekker, J., et al. (2007) Quality Criteria Were Proposed for Measurement Properties of Health Status Questionnaires. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 60, 34-42. [20] Streiner, D. and Norman, G.R. (2008) Health Measurement Scales a Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. 4th Edition, Oxford University Press, New York. [21] Courtney, M., Tong, S. and Walsh, A. (2000) Older Patients in Acute Care Setting: Rural and Metropolitan Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 8, 94-102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2000.00256.x [22] Soderhamn, O., Lindencrona, C. and Gustavsson, S.M. (2001) Attitudes toward Older People among Nursing Students and Registered Nurses in Sweden. Nurse Education Today, 21, 225-229. [23] Lambrinou, E., Sourtzi, P., Kalokerinou, A. and Lemonidou, C. (2005) Reliability and Validity of the Greek Version of Kogan’s Old People Scale. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14, 1241-1247.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01229.x [24] Polit, D.F., Beck, C.T. and Owen, S.V. (2007) Is the CVI an Acceptable Indicator of Content Validity? Appraisal and Recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30, 459-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199 [25] Polit, D.F. and Beck, C.T. (2008) Nursing Research, Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 8th Edition, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. [26] Maneesriwongul, W. and Dixon, J.K. (2004) Instrument Translation Process: A Methods Review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48, 175-186. [27] Lynn, M.R. (1986) Determination and Quantification of Content Validity. Nursing Research, 35, 382-385.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017 [28] Pallant, J. (2007) SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows. 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Open University Press, New York.