Effect of Projectile Break-Up Threshold Energy on Incomplete Fusion at Energy ≈ 4 - 7 MeV/Nucleon
Author(s)
Sabir Ali1*,
Tauseef Ahmad1,
Kamal Kumar1,
Isar Ahmad Rizvi1,
Avinash Agarwal2,
Sandeep S. Ghugre3,
Ajit Kumar Sinha3,
Ashok Kumar Chaubey4
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. 2 Department of Physics, Bareilly College, Bareilly, India. 3 UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata, India. 4 Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
1 Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. 2 Department of Physics, Bareilly College, Bareilly, India. 3 UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata, India. 4 Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
ABSTRACT
Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections have been measured for the 20Ne + 51V system to investigate the influence of projectile break-up at or above the barrier energies. The excitation function of the individual reaction channel measured using off-line γ-ray spectroscopy has been compared with those estimated theoretically using the statistical model code PACE4. A significant fraction of incomplete fusion has been found in the production of residues involving α-particle in the exit channel. In order to understand the energy dependence of incomplete fusion reactions, incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced, which has also been compared with the earlier data available for 12C and 16O projectiles to look for the projectile structure dependence.
Complete and incomplete fusion cross sections have been measured for the 20Ne + 51V system to investigate the influence of projectile break-up at or above the barrier energies. The excitation function of the individual reaction channel measured using off-line γ-ray spectroscopy has been compared with those estimated theoretically using the statistical model code PACE4. A significant fraction of incomplete fusion has been found in the production of residues involving α-particle in the exit channel. In order to understand the energy dependence of incomplete fusion reactions, incomplete fusion fraction has been deduced, which has also been compared with the earlier data available for 12C and 16O projectiles to look for the projectile structure dependence.
Cite this paper
Ali, S. , Ahmad, T. , Kumar, K. , Rizvi, I. , Agarwal, A. , Ghugre, S. , Sinha, A. and Chaubey, A. (2014) Effect of Projectile Break-Up Threshold Energy on Incomplete Fusion at Energy ≈ 4 - 7 MeV/Nucleon. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 2063-2074. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.518202.
Ali, S. , Ahmad, T. , Kumar, K. , Rizvi, I. , Agarwal, A. , Ghugre, S. , Sinha, A. and Chaubey, A. (2014) Effect of Projectile Break-Up Threshold Energy on Incomplete Fusion at Energy ≈ 4 - 7 MeV/Nucleon. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 2063-2074. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.518202.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/36/2/025104 [33] Ziegler, J.F. (2006) SRIM-2006. The Stopping Power and Range of Ions in Matter.
http://www.srim.org/SRIM/SRIMLEGL.htm [34] Radford, D. (1995) Software Package for Interactive Graphical Analysis of Gamma-Ray Coincidence Data.
http://radware.phy.ornl.gov/ [35] Browne, E. and Firestone, R.B. (1986) Table of Radioactive Isotopes. Wiley, New York. [36] Bass, R. (1974) Nuclear Physics A, 231, 45-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(74)90292-9 [37] Becchetti, F.D. and Greenlees, G.W. (1969) Physical Review, 182, 1190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.182.1190 [38] Satchler, G.R. (1965) Nuclear Physics, 70, 177-195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5582(65)90233-6 [39] Endt, P.M. (1981) Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 26, 47-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-640X(81)90011-5 [40] Kataria, S.K., Ramamurthy, V.S. and Kapoor, S.S. (1978) Physical Review C, 18, 549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.18.549 [41] Parkar, V.V., Palit, R., Sharma, S.K., Naidu, B.S., Santra, S., Joshi, P.K., et al. (2010) Physical Review C, 82, Article ID: 054601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.054601 [42] Palshetkar, C.S., Santra, S., Chatterjee, A., Ramachandran, K., Thakur, S., Pandit, S.K., et al. (2010) Physical Review C, 82, Article ID: 044608.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.152701
[1] Kumar, K., et al. (2013) Physical Review C, 88, Article ID: 064613.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.064613 [2] Kumar, K., et al. (2013) Physical Review C, 87, Article ID: 044608. [3] Amanuel, F.K., et al. (2011) Physical Review C, 84, Article ID: 024614.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.024614 [4] Yadav, A., et al. (2012) Physical Review C, 85, Article ID: 034614. [5] Gasques, L.R., Hinde, D.J., Dasgupta, M., Mukherje, A. and Thomas, R.G. (2009) Physical Review C, 79, Article ID: 034605.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.034605 [6] Yadav, A., et al. (2012) Physical Review C, 86, Article ID: 014603. [7] Gomes, P.R.S., et al. (2011) Physical Review C, 84, Article ID: 014615.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.014615 [8] Amanuel, F.K., et al. (2011) European Physical Journal A, 47, 156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2011-11156-6 [9] Agarwal, A., et al. (2012) EPJ Web of Conferences, 38, Article ID: 17001. [10] Singh, D., et al. (2012) Nuclear Physics A, 879, 107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2012.01.020 [11] Singh, D., Ali, R., Afzal Ansari, M., Tomar, B.S., Rashid, M.H., Guin, R. and Das, S.K. (2011) Physical Review C, 83, Article ID: 054604.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.054604 [12] Singh, D., Afzal Ansari, M., Ali, R., Sathik, N.P.M. and Ismail, M. (2006) Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 75, Article ID: 104201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.75.104201 [13] Sharma, M.K., Singh, B.P., Gupta, S., Musthafa, M.M., Bhardwaj, H.D., Prasad, R. and Sinha, A.K. (2003) Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 72, 1917-1925.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.72.1917 [14] Ahmad, T., Rizvi, I.A., Agarwal, A., Kumar, R., Golda, K.S. and Chaubey, A.K. (2011) International Journal of Modern Physics E, 20, 645.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218301311018137 [15] Udagawa, T. and Tamura, T. (1980) Physical Review Letters, 45, 1311.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.1311 [16] Britt, H.C. and Quinton, A.R. (1961) Physical Review, 124, 877.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.124.877 [17] Inamura, T., Ishihara, M., Fakuda, T., Shimoda, T. and Hiruta, H. (1977) Physics Letters B, 68, 51-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(77)90032-6 [18] Singh, P.P., Singh, B.P., Sharma, M.K., Gupta, U., Kumar, R., Singh, D., et al. (2009) Physics Letters B, 671, 20-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2008.11.035 [19] Bondrof, J.P., De, J.N., Fai, G., Karvinen, A.O.T., Jakobsson, B. and Randrup, J. (1980) Nuclear Physics A, 333, 285-301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(80)90234-1 [20] Morgenstern, H., Bohne, W., Galster, W., Grabisch, K. and Kyanowski, A. (1984) Physical Review Letters, 52, 1104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.1104 [21] Singh, P.P., Singh, B.P., Sharma, M.K., Unnati, Singh, D.P., Prasad, R., et al. (2008) Physical Review C, 77, Article ID: 014607.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.77.014607 [22] Dasgupta, M., Hinde, D.J., Butt, R.D., Anjos, R.M., Berriman, A.C., Carlin, N., et al. (1999) Physical Review Letters, 82, 1395.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.1395 [23] Dasgupta, M., Hinde, D.J., Hagino, K., Moraes, S.B., Gomes, P.R.S., Anjos, R.M., et al. (2002) Physical Review C, 66, Article ID: 041602(R).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.66.041602 [24] Ali, R., Singh, D., Afzal Ansari, M., Rashid, M.H., Guin, R. and Das, S.K. (2010) Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 37, Article ID: 115101.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/11/115101 [25] Mukherjee, S., Sharma, A., Sodaye, S., Goswami, A. and Tomar, B.S. (2006) International Journal of Modern Physics E, 15, 237.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218301306003886 [26] Chakarbarty, S., Tomar, B.S., Goswami, A., Gubbi, G.K., Manohar, S.B., Sharma, A., Bindukumar, B. and Mukherjee, S. (2000) Nuclear Physics A, 678, 355-366.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00339-0 [27] Chowdhury, D.P., Guin, R., Saha, S.K. and Sudersanan, M. (2003) Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 211, 288. [28] Gupta, U., Singh, D.P., Sharma, M.K., Yadav, A., Kumar, R., Singh, B.P., et al. (2008) Nuclear Physics A, 811, 77-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.07.013 [29] Ismail, M. and Sharma, R.P. (1999) Parmana Journal of Physics, 52, 609. [30] Ismail, M., Sharma, R.P. and Rashid, M.H. (1997) Parmana Journal of Physics, 49, 623. [31] Gavron, A. (1980) Physical Review C, 21, 230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.21.230 [32] Penionzhkevich, Yu.E., Lukyanov, S.M., Astabatyan, R.A., Demekhina, N.A., Ivanov, M.P., Kalpakchieva, R., et al. (2009) Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 36, Article ID: 025104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/36/2/025104 [33] Ziegler, J.F. (2006) SRIM-2006. The Stopping Power and Range of Ions in Matter.
http://www.srim.org/SRIM/SRIMLEGL.htm [34] Radford, D. (1995) Software Package for Interactive Graphical Analysis of Gamma-Ray Coincidence Data.
http://radware.phy.ornl.gov/ [35] Browne, E. and Firestone, R.B. (1986) Table of Radioactive Isotopes. Wiley, New York. [36] Bass, R. (1974) Nuclear Physics A, 231, 45-63.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(74)90292-9 [37] Becchetti, F.D. and Greenlees, G.W. (1969) Physical Review, 182, 1190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.182.1190 [38] Satchler, G.R. (1965) Nuclear Physics, 70, 177-195.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5582(65)90233-6 [39] Endt, P.M. (1981) Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 26, 47-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-640X(81)90011-5 [40] Kataria, S.K., Ramamurthy, V.S. and Kapoor, S.S. (1978) Physical Review C, 18, 549.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.18.549 [41] Parkar, V.V., Palit, R., Sharma, S.K., Naidu, B.S., Santra, S., Joshi, P.K., et al. (2010) Physical Review C, 82, Article ID: 054601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.054601 [42] Palshetkar, C.S., Santra, S., Chatterjee, A., Ramachandran, K., Thakur, S., Pandit, S.K., et al. (2010) Physical Review C, 82, Article ID: 044608.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.044608 [43] Gutbrod, H.H., Winn, W.G. and Blann, M. (1973) Physical Review Letters, 30, 1259.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1259 [44] Zolnowski, D.R., Yamada, H., Cala, S.E., Kahler, A.C. and Sugihara, T.T. (1978) Physical Review Letters, 41, 92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.92 [45] Scholz, D., Gemmeke, H., Lassen, L., Ost, R. and Bethge, K. (1977) Nuclear Physics A, 288, 351-364.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(77)90140-3 [46] Shotter, A.C., Bice, A.N., Wouters, J.M., Rae, W.D. and Cerny, J. (1981) Physical Review Letters, 46, 12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.46.12 [47] Kalita, K. (2011) Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 38, Article ID: 095104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/9/095104 [48] Yadav, A., et al. (2012) EPJ Web of Conferences, 21, Article ID: 08005. [49] Diaz-Torres, A., Hinde, D.J., Tostevin, J.A., Dasgupta, M. and Gasques, L.R. (2007) Physical Review Letters, 98, Article ID: 152701.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.152701