References
[1] Andreasson, A. N., Unden, A. L., Elofsson, S., & Brismar, K. (2012). Leptin and Adiponectin: Distribution and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men and Women of the General Population. American Journal of Human Biology, 24, 595-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22279
[2] Baskin, D. G., Lattemann, D. F., Seeley, R. J., Woods, S. C., Porte Jr., D., & Schwartz, M. W. (1999). Insulin and Leptin: Dual Adiposity Signals to the Brain for the Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight. Brain Research, 848, 114-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01974-5
[3] Capuron, L., Poitou, C., Machaux-Tholliez, D., Frochot, V., Bouillot, J.-L., Basdevant, A., Laye, S., & Clement, K. (2011). Relationship between Adiposity, Emotional Status and Eating Behaviour in Obese Women: Role of Inflammation. Psychological Medicine, 41, 1517-1528.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710001984
[4] Carnethon, M. R., De Chavez, P. J. D., Biggs, M. L., Lewis, C. E., Pankow, J. S., Bertoni, A. G., Golden, S. H., Liu, K., Mukamal, K. J., Camphell-Jenkins, B., & Dyer, A. R. (2012). Association of Weight Status with Mortality in Adults with Incident Diabetes. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 308, 581-590.
[5] Centers for Disease Control Website (2014). Body Mass Index.
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/adult_bmi/index.html#Interpreted
[6] Chang, S. F., & Yang, R. S. (2013). Determining the Cut-Off Point of Osteoporosis Based on the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool, Body Mass Index and Weight in Taiwanese Young Adult Women. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23, 2628-2636.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12483
[7] Chiu, F.-H., Chuang, C. H., Li, W. C., Weng, Y. M., Fann, W.-C., Lo, H.-Y., Sun, C., & Wang, S. H. (2012). The Association of Leptin and C-Reactive Protein with the Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome Score in Taiwanese Adults. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 11, 40-48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-11-40
[8] Cornier, M. A., Salzberg, A. K., Endly, D. C., Bessesen, D. H., & Tregellas, J. R. (2010). Sex-Based Differences in the Behavioral and Neuronal Responses to Food. Physiology & Behavior, 99, 538-543.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.008
[9] Cornier, M. A., Marshall, J. A., Hill, J. O., Maahs, D. M., & Eckel, R. H. (2011). Prevention of Overweight/Obesity as a Strategy to Optimize Cardiovascular Health. Circulation, 124, 840-850.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.968461
[10] De Young, K. P., Lavender, J. M., & Anderson, D. A. (2010). Binge Eating Is Not Associated with Elevated Eating, Weight, or Shape Concerns in the Absence of the Desire to Lose Weight in Men. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43, 732-736.
[11] Forrester-Knauss, C., & Stutz, E. Z. (2012). Gender Differences in Disordered Eating and Weight Dissatisfaction in Swiss Adults: Which Factors Matter? BMC Public Health, 12, 809.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-809
[12] Gafni, R. I., & Baron, J. (2007). Childhood Bone Mass Acquisition and Peak Bone Mass May Not Be Important Determinants of Bone Mass in Late Adulthood. Pediatrics, 119, S131-S136.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2023D
[13] Gardner, R. M. (2014). Weight Status and the Perception of Body Image in Men. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 175-184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S49053
[14] Hayashi, F., Takimoto, H., Yoshita, K., & Yoshiike, N. (2006). Perceived Body Size and Desire for Thinness of Young Japanese Women: A Population-Based Survey. British Journal of Nutrition, 96, 1154-1162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/BJN20061921
[15] Hill, L. S., Reid, F., Morgan, J. F., & Lacey, J. H. (2010). SCOFF, The Development of an Eating Disorder Screening Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 43, 344-351.
[16] Holroyd, C., Harvey, N., Dennison, E., & Cooper, C. (2012). Epigenetic Influences in the Developmental Origins of Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International, 23, 401-410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1671-5
[17] Horstmann, A., Busse, F. P., Mathar, D., Müller, K., Lepsien, J., Schlogl, H., Kabish, S., Kratzsch, J., Neumann, J., Stumvoll, M., Villringer, A., & Pleger, B. (2011). Obesity-Related Differences between Women and Men in Brain Structure and Goal-Directed Behavior. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00058
[18] Kato, Y., Iwanaga, M., Roth, R., Hamasaki, T., & Greimel, E. (2013). Psychometric Validation of the Motivation for Healthy Eating Scale (MHES). Psychology, 4, 136-141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.42020
[19] Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2014). Outline of the Results from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey.
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-10904750-Kenkoukyoku-
Gantaisakukenkouzoushinka/0000032813.pdf
[20] Morgan, J. F., Reid, E., & Lacey, J. H. (1999). The SCOFF Questionnaire: Assessment of a New Screening Tool for Eating Disorders. British Medical Journal, 319, 1467-1468.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1467
[21] Mori, K., Sekine, M., Yamagami, T., & Kagamimori, S. (2009). Relationship between Body Image and Lifestyle Factors in Japanese Adolescent Girls. Pediatrics International, 51, 507-513.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02771.x
[22] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/StatExtracts (2014) Complete Databases Available via OECD’s iLibrary, Health Status: Infant Health, Low Birthweight.
http://stats.oecd.org/
[23] Pelletier, L. G., Dion, S. C., Slovenic-D’Angelo, M., & Reid, R. (2004). Why Do You Regulate What You Eat? Relationships between Forms of Regulation, Eating Behaviors, Sustained Dietary Behavior Change, and Psychological Adjustment. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 245-277.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000040154.40922.14
[24] Sakata, T. (1996). Obesity Treatment Manual. Ishiyaku Publishers, Inc., Tokyo, 32-37.
[25] Takimoto, H., Yoshiike, N., Kaneda, F., & Yoshita, K. (2004). Thinness among Young Japanese Women. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 1592-1595.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.9.1592
[26] Tanaka, S., Kuroda, T., Saito, M., & Shiraki, M. (2013). Overweight/Obesity and Underweight Are Both Risk Factors for Osteoporosis Fractures at Different Sites in Japanese Postmenopausal Women. Osteoporosis International, 24, 69-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2209-1
[27] Tandon, N., Fall, C. H. D., Osmond, C., Sachdev, H. P., Prabhakaran, D., Ramakrishnan, L., Biswas, S. K. D., Ramji, S., Khalil, A., Gera, T., Reddy, K. S., Barker, D. J. P., Cooper, C., & Bhargava, S. K. (2012). Growth from Birth to Adulthood and Peak Bone Mass and Density Data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort. Osteoporosis International, 23, 2447-2459.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1857-x
[28] Tayama, J., Nishiura, K., & Sugawara, M. (2010). A Psychological Research of Abnormal Eating Behaviors in Adolescent Women. Journal of Clinical Research Center for Child Development and Educational Practice, 9, 117-124. (In Japanese with English Abstract)
[29] Tayama, J., Watanabe, S., Nishiura, K., Munakata, M., & Fukudo, S. (2008). Development of an Eating Behavior Scale for High School Students and Study on the Factors Related to Himando. Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 48, 217-227. (In Japanese with English Abstract)
[30] Tsugane, S. (2012). Alcohol, Smoking, and Obesity Epidemiology in Japan. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 27, 121-126.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.07021.x
[31] Wang, G. J., Volkow, N. D., Telang, F., Jayne, M., Ma, Y., Pradhan, K., Zyu, W., Wong, C. T., Thanos, P. K., Geliebter, A., Biegon, A., & Fowler, J. S. (2009). Evidence of Gender Differences in the Ability to Inhibit Brain Activation Elicited by Food Stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 1249-1254.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807423106