Numerical Modeling of the Initial Formation of Cyclonic Vortices at Tropical Latitudes
Author(s)
Igor V. Mingalev1*,
Natalia M. Astafieva2,
Konstantin G. Orlov1,
Victor S. Mingalev1,
Oleg V. Mingalev1,
Valery M. Chechetkin3
Affiliation(s)
1 Polar Geophysical Institute, Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia. 2 Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 3 Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
1 Polar Geophysical Institute, Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russia. 2 Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. 3 Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the initial formation of large-scale vortices at tropical latitudes a regional non-hydrostatic mathematical model of the wind system of the lower atmosphere, developed earlier in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is utilized. Three-dimensional distributions of the atmospheric parameters in the height range from 0 to 15 km over a limited region of the Earth’s surface are produced by the utilized model. Simulations are performed for the case when the limited three-dimensional simulation domain is intersected by an intertropical convergence zone in the west-east direction. Simulation results indicated that the origin of two convexities in the north direction in the configuration of the intertropical convergence zone can lead to the formation of three distinct tropical cyclones during the period of about four days.
To investigate the initial formation of large-scale vortices at tropical latitudes a regional non-hydrostatic mathematical model of the wind system of the lower atmosphere, developed earlier in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is utilized. Three-dimensional distributions of the atmospheric parameters in the height range from 0 to 15 km over a limited region of the Earth’s surface are produced by the utilized model. Simulations are performed for the case when the limited three-dimensional simulation domain is intersected by an intertropical convergence zone in the west-east direction. Simulation results indicated that the origin of two convexities in the north direction in the configuration of the intertropical convergence zone can lead to the formation of three distinct tropical cyclones during the period of about four days.
Cite this paper
Mingalev, I. , Astafieva, N. , Orlov, K. , Mingalev, V. , Mingalev, O. and Chechetkin, V. (2014) Numerical Modeling of the Initial Formation of Cyclonic Vortices at Tropical Latitudes. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 4, 899-906. doi: 10.4236/acs.2014.45079.
Mingalev, I. , Astafieva, N. , Orlov, K. , Mingalev, V. , Mingalev, O. and Chechetkin, V. (2014) Numerical Modeling of the Initial Formation of Cyclonic Vortices at Tropical Latitudes. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 4, 899-906. doi: 10.4236/acs.2014.45079.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0585:AASITF>2.0.CO;2 [2] Montgomery, M.T. and Farrell, B.F. (1993) Tropical Cyclone Formation. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 50, 285-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<0285:TCF>2.0.CO;2 [3] Kieu, C.Q. and Zhang, D.-L. (2008) Genesis of Tropical Storm Eugene (2005) from Merging Vortices Associated with ITCZ Breakdowns. Part I: Observational and Modeling Analyses. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 65, 3419-3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2605.1 [4] Mao, J. and Wu, G. (2011) Barotropic Process Contributing to the Formation and Growth of Tropical Cyclone Nargis. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 28, 483-491.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9190-4 [5] Ooyama, K. (1969) Numerical Simulation of the Life Cycle of Tropical Cyclones. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 26, 3-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<0003:NSOTLC>2.0.CO;2 [6] Montgomery, M.T. and Enagonio, J. (1998) Tropical Cyclogenesis via Convectively Forced Vortex Rossby Waves in a Three-Dimensional Quasigeostrophic Model. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 55, 3176-3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3176:TCVCFV>2.0.CO;2 [7] Li, T., Ge, X., Wang, B. and Zhu, Y. (2006) Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Rossby Wave Energy Dispersion of a Preesxisting Typhoon. Part II: Numerical Simulations. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 63, 1390-1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS3693.1 [8] Montgomery, M.T., Wang, Z. and Dunkerton, T.J. (2010) Coarse, Intermediate and High Resolution Numerical Simulation of the Transition of a Tropical Wave Critical Layer to a Tropical Storm. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10, 10803-10827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10803-2010 [9] Venkatesh, T.N. and Mathew, J. (2010) A Numerical Study of the Role of the Vertical Structure of Vorticity during Tropical Cyclone Genesis. Fluid Dynamics Research, 42, Article ID: 045506.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0169-5983/42/4/045506 [10] Reed, K.A. and Jablonowski, C. (2011) Impact of Physical Parameterizations on Idealized Tropical Cyclones in the Community Atmosphere Model. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, Article ID: L04805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046297 [11] Abarca, S.F. and Corbosiero, K.L. (2011) Secondary Eyewall Formation in WRF Simulations of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina (2005). Geophysical Research Letters, 38, Article ID: L07802.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047015 [12] Xu, Y.M. (2011) The Genesis of Tropical Cyclone Bilis (2000) Associated with Cross-Equatorial Surges. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 28, 665-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9142-z [13] Mingalev, I.V. and Mingalev, V.S. (2005) The Global Circulation Model of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere of the Earth with a Given Temperature Distribution. Mathematical Modeling, 17, 24-40. (In Russian) [14] Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S. and Mingaleva, G.I. (2007) Numerical Simulation of Global Distributions of the Horizontal and Vertical Wind in the Middle Atmosphere Using a Given Neutral Gas Temperature Field. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 69, 552-568.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2006.10.005 [15] Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, O.V. and Mingalev, V.S. (2008) Model Simulation of Global Circulation in the Middle Atmosphere for January Conditions. Advances in Geosciences, 15, 11-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-15-11-2008 [16] Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S. and Mingaleva, G.I. (2012) Numerical Simulation of the Global Neutral Wind System of the Earth’s Middle Atmosphere for Different Seasons. Atmosphere, 3, 213-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos3010213 [17] Mingalev, I.V. and Mingalev, V.S. (2012) Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Solar Activity on the Global Circulation in the Earth’s Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. International Journal of Geophysics, 2012, Article ID: 106035, 15 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/106035 [18] Mingalev, I., Mingaleva, G. and Mingalev, V. (2013) A Simulation Study of the Effect of Geomagnetic Activity on the Global Circulation in the Earth’s Middle Atmosphere. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 3, 8-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2013.33A002 [19] Belotserkovskii, O.M., Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, O.V. and Oparin, A.M. (2006) Mechanism of the Appearance of a Large-Scale Vortex in the Troposphere above a Nonuniformly Heated Surface. Doklady Earth Sciences, 411, 1284-1288.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X06080277 [20] Belotserkovskii, O.M., Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, O.V., Oparin, A.M. and Chechetkin, V.M. (2009) Formation of Large-Scale Vortices in Shear Flow of the Lower Atmosphere of the Earth in the Region of Tropical Latitudes. Cosmic Research, 47, 466-479.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0010952509060033 [21] Mingalev, I.V., Orlov, K.G. and Mingalev, V.S. (2012) A Mechanism of Formation of Polar Cyclones and Possibility of Their Prediction Using Satellite Observations. Cosmic Research, 50, 160-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0010952512010066 [22] Mingalev, I.V., Orlov, K.G. and Mingalev, V.S. (2014) A Modeling Study of the Initial Formation of Polar Lows in the Vicinity of the Arctic Front. Advances in Meteorology, 2014, Article ID: 970547, 10 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/970547 [23] Mingalev, I.V., Astafieva, N.M., Orlov, K.G., Chechetkin, V.M., Mingalev, V.S. and Mingalev, O.V. (2012) Numerical Simulation of Formation of Cyclone Vortex Flows in the Intertropical Zone of Convergence and Their Early Detection. Cosmic Research, 50, 233-248.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0010952512020062 [24] Mingalev, I.V., Astafieva, N.M., Orlov, K.G., Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, O.V. and Chechetkin, V.M. (2013) A Simulation Study of the Formation of Large-Scale Cyclonic and Anticyclonic Vortices in the Vicinity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. ISRN Geophysics, 2013, Article ID: 215362, 12 pages.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/215362 [25] Mingalev, V.S. (1993) Transport Equations for the Upper Atmosphere in a Rotating Reference Frame. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 33, 106-112. (Russian Issue) [26] Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, O.V., Oparin, A.M. and Orlov, K.G. (2010) Generalization of the Hybrid Monotone Second-Order Finite Difference Scheme for Gas Dynamics Equations to the Case of Unstructured 3D Grid. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 50, 877-889.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0965542510050118 [27] Broccoli, A.J., Dahl, R.A. and Stouffer, R.J. (2006) Response of the ITCZ to Northern Hemisphere Cooling. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, Article ID: L01702.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024546 [28] Fedorov, A., Barreiro, M., Boccaletti, G., Pacanowski, R. and Philander, S.G. (2007) The Freshening of Surface Waters in High Latitudes: Effects on the Thermohaline and Wind-Driven Circulations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 37, 896-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JPO3033.1 [29] Chiang, J.C.H. and Friedman, A.R. (2012) Extratropical Cooling, Interhemispheric Thermal Gradients, and Tropical Climate Change. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 40, 383-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105545 [30] Chen, T.C., Tsay, J.D., Yen, M.C. and Cayanan, E.O. (2010) Formation of the Philippine Twin Tropical Cyclones during the 2008 Summer Monsoon Onset. Weather and Forecasting, 25, 1317-1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010WAF2222395.1
[1] Emanuel, K.A. (1986) An Air-Sea Interaction Theory for Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Steady-State Maintenance. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 43, 585-605.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0585:AASITF>2.0.CO;2 [2] Montgomery, M.T. and Farrell, B.F. (1993) Tropical Cyclone Formation. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 50, 285-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<0285:TCF>2.0.CO;2 [3] Kieu, C.Q. and Zhang, D.-L. (2008) Genesis of Tropical Storm Eugene (2005) from Merging Vortices Associated with ITCZ Breakdowns. Part I: Observational and Modeling Analyses. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 65, 3419-3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2605.1 [4] Mao, J. and Wu, G. (2011) Barotropic Process Contributing to the Formation and Growth of Tropical Cyclone Nargis. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 28, 483-491.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9190-4 [5] Ooyama, K. (1969) Numerical Simulation of the Life Cycle of Tropical Cyclones. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 26, 3-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<0003:NSOTLC>2.0.CO;2 [6] Montgomery, M.T. and Enagonio, J. (1998) Tropical Cyclogenesis via Convectively Forced Vortex Rossby Waves in a Three-Dimensional Quasigeostrophic Model. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 55, 3176-3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3176:TCVCFV>2.0.CO;2 [7] Li, T., Ge, X., Wang, B. and Zhu, Y. (2006) Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Rossby Wave Energy Dispersion of a Preesxisting Typhoon. Part II: Numerical Simulations. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 63, 1390-1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS3693.1 [8] Montgomery, M.T., Wang, Z. and Dunkerton, T.J. (2010) Coarse, Intermediate and High Resolution Numerical Simulation of the Transition of a Tropical Wave Critical Layer to a Tropical Storm. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10, 10803-10827.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10803-2010 [9] Venkatesh, T.N. and Mathew, J. (2010) A Numerical Study of the Role of the Vertical Structure of Vorticity during Tropical Cyclone Genesis. Fluid Dynamics Research, 42, Article ID: 045506.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0169-5983/42/4/045506 [10] Reed, K.A. and Jablonowski, C. (2011) Impact of Physical Parameterizations on Idealized Tropical Cyclones in the Community Atmosphere Model. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, Article ID: L04805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL046297 [11] Abarca, S.F. and Corbosiero, K.L. (2011) Secondary Eyewall Formation in WRF Simulations of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina (2005). Geophysical Research Letters, 38, Article ID: L07802.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047015 [12] Xu, Y.M. (2011) The Genesis of Tropical Cyclone Bilis (2000) Associated with Cross-Equatorial Surges. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 28, 665-681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-9142-z [13] Mingalev, I.V. and Mingalev, V.S. (2005) The Global Circulation Model of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere of the Earth with a Given Temperature Distribution. Mathematical Modeling, 17, 24-40. (In Russian) [14] Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S. and Mingaleva, G.I. (2007) Numerical Simulation of Global Distributions of the Horizontal and Vertical Wind in the Middle Atmosphere Using a Given Neutral Gas Temperature Field. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 69, 552-568.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2006.10.005 [15] Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, O.V. and Mingalev, V.S. (2008) Model Simulation of Global Circulation in the Middle Atmosphere for January Conditions. Advances in Geosciences, 15, 11-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-15-11-2008 [16] Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S. and Mingaleva, G.I. (2012) Numerical Simulation of the Global Neutral Wind System of the Earth’s Middle Atmosphere for Different Seasons. Atmosphere, 3, 213-228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos3010213 [17] Mingalev, I.V. and Mingalev, V.S. (2012) Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Solar Activity on the Global Circulation in the Earth’s Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. International Journal of Geophysics, 2012, Article ID: 106035, 15 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/106035 [18] Mingalev, I., Mingaleva, G. and Mingalev, V. (2013) A Simulation Study of the Effect of Geomagnetic Activity on the Global Circulation in the Earth’s Middle Atmosphere. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 3, 8-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2013.33A002 [19] Belotserkovskii, O.M., Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, O.V. and Oparin, A.M. (2006) Mechanism of the Appearance of a Large-Scale Vortex in the Troposphere above a Nonuniformly Heated Surface. Doklady Earth Sciences, 411, 1284-1288.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X06080277 [20] Belotserkovskii, O.M., Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, O.V., Oparin, A.M. and Chechetkin, V.M. (2009) Formation of Large-Scale Vortices in Shear Flow of the Lower Atmosphere of the Earth in the Region of Tropical Latitudes. Cosmic Research, 47, 466-479.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0010952509060033 [21] Mingalev, I.V., Orlov, K.G. and Mingalev, V.S. (2012) A Mechanism of Formation of Polar Cyclones and Possibility of Their Prediction Using Satellite Observations. Cosmic Research, 50, 160-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0010952512010066 [22] Mingalev, I.V., Orlov, K.G. and Mingalev, V.S. (2014) A Modeling Study of the Initial Formation of Polar Lows in the Vicinity of the Arctic Front. Advances in Meteorology, 2014, Article ID: 970547, 10 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/970547 [23] Mingalev, I.V., Astafieva, N.M., Orlov, K.G., Chechetkin, V.M., Mingalev, V.S. and Mingalev, O.V. (2012) Numerical Simulation of Formation of Cyclone Vortex Flows in the Intertropical Zone of Convergence and Their Early Detection. Cosmic Research, 50, 233-248.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0010952512020062 [24] Mingalev, I.V., Astafieva, N.M., Orlov, K.G., Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, O.V. and Chechetkin, V.M. (2013) A Simulation Study of the Formation of Large-Scale Cyclonic and Anticyclonic Vortices in the Vicinity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. ISRN Geophysics, 2013, Article ID: 215362, 12 pages.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/215362 [25] Mingalev, V.S. (1993) Transport Equations for the Upper Atmosphere in a Rotating Reference Frame. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, 33, 106-112. (Russian Issue) [26] Mingalev, V.S., Mingalev, I.V., Mingalev, O.V., Oparin, A.M. and Orlov, K.G. (2010) Generalization of the Hybrid Monotone Second-Order Finite Difference Scheme for Gas Dynamics Equations to the Case of Unstructured 3D Grid. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 50, 877-889.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0965542510050118 [27] Broccoli, A.J., Dahl, R.A. and Stouffer, R.J. (2006) Response of the ITCZ to Northern Hemisphere Cooling. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, Article ID: L01702.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024546 [28] Fedorov, A., Barreiro, M., Boccaletti, G., Pacanowski, R. and Philander, S.G. (2007) The Freshening of Surface Waters in High Latitudes: Effects on the Thermohaline and Wind-Driven Circulations. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 37, 896-907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JPO3033.1 [29] Chiang, J.C.H. and Friedman, A.R. (2012) Extratropical Cooling, Interhemispheric Thermal Gradients, and Tropical Climate Change. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 40, 383-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105545 [30] Chen, T.C., Tsay, J.D., Yen, M.C. and Cayanan, E.O. (2010) Formation of the Philippine Twin Tropical Cyclones during the 2008 Summer Monsoon Onset. Weather and Forecasting, 25, 1317-1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010WAF2222395.1