Environmental Consequences of Long-Term Development of Petroleum Fields, Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan, Case History
ABSTRACT
In this paper the overview of a level of study of the deformation processes on long-term petroleum field development and ecological consequences accompanying them is given. In more details these processes are considered for the oldest Absheron petroleum bearing region (Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan) where fields are strongly depleted and the pressure drop reaches 80% from initial values. Ecological consequences of this phenomenon are the following: development in area of petroleum fields Balakhany-Sabunchi-Ramany, Surakhany, Garachukhur, Bibi-Eybat intensive process of ground subsiding (up to 47 mm/year) and flooding, frequent incidences of curved boreholes, breaks in oil, gas, and water pipelines, and sudden kicks of water and sand, occurrence of the induced seismicity (Surakhany earthquake in 1937 with magnitude 6). With purpose of forecasting of geodynamic processes creation on petroleum production complexes of system of the environmental control is recommended.
In this paper the overview of a level of study of the deformation processes on long-term petroleum field development and ecological consequences accompanying them is given. In more details these processes are considered for the oldest Absheron petroleum bearing region (Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan) where fields are strongly depleted and the pressure drop reaches 80% from initial values. Ecological consequences of this phenomenon are the following: development in area of petroleum fields Balakhany-Sabunchi-Ramany, Surakhany, Garachukhur, Bibi-Eybat intensive process of ground subsiding (up to 47 mm/year) and flooding, frequent incidences of curved boreholes, breaks in oil, gas, and water pipelines, and sudden kicks of water and sand, occurrence of the induced seismicity (Surakhany earthquake in 1937 with magnitude 6). With purpose of forecasting of geodynamic processes creation on petroleum production complexes of system of the environmental control is recommended.
KEYWORDS
Petroleum Field, Development, Ground Subsiding, Flooding, Induced Seismicity, Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan
Petroleum Field, Development, Ground Subsiding, Flooding, Induced Seismicity, Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan
Cite this paper
Feyzullayev, A. and Ibragimov, V. (2014) Environmental Consequences of Long-Term Development of Petroleum Fields, Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan, Case History. Journal of Environmental Protection, 5, 1603-1610. doi: 10.4236/jep.2014.517151.
Feyzullayev, A. and Ibragimov, V. (2014) Environmental Consequences of Long-Term Development of Petroleum Fields, Absheron p-la, Azerbaijan, Case History. Journal of Environmental Protection, 5, 1603-1610. doi: 10.4236/jep.2014.517151.
References
[1] Xie, X., Jiao, J.J., Tang, Z. and Zheng, C. (2003) Evolution of Abnormally Low Pressure and Its Implications for the Hydrocarbon System in the Southeast Uplift Zone of Songliao Basin, China. AAPG Bulletin, 1, 99-119. [2] Koshlyak, V.A. (2002) Granitoid Oil and Gas Reservoirs. Tau-Press, Ufa. [3] Imanov, А.А. (2012) Physical and Mechanical Properties Sedimentary Rocks of the South-Caspian Basin in Subsurface Conditions: Deep Water Hydrocarbons Resources. Nafta-Press, Baku. [4] Morton, R.A. and Buster, N.A. (2002) Subsurface Controls on Historical Subsidence Rates and Associated Wetland Loss in South-Central Louisiana. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, 52, 767-778. [5] Patel, P. and Kulkarni, M.N. (2007) Application of GPS for Monitoring Land Subsidence. Journal of Earth Sciences, 1, 35-46. [6] Serebryakov, V.A. and Chilingar, G.V. (2000) Prediction of Subsidence: Relationship between Lowering of Formation Pressure and Subsidence Due to Fluid Withdrawal. Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 5, 409-416. [7] Аdushkin, V.V. and Turuntaev, S.B. (2005) Man Induced Processes in the Earth Crust (Hazards and Catastrophes). INEK, Moscow. [8] National Research Council (1991) Mitigating Losses from Land Subsidence in the United States. National Academy Press, Washington DC. [9] Mayuga, M.N. and Allen, D.R. (1970) Subsidence in the Wilmington Oil Field, Long Beach, California, U.S.A. In: Tison, L.J., Ed., Land Subsidence, International Association of Scientific Hydrology, UNESCO, 66-79. [10] Pratt, W.E. and Johnson, D.W. (1926) Local Subsidence of the Goose Creek Oil Field. Journal of Geology, 34, 577-590.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/623352 [11] Snider, L.C. (1927) A Suggested Explanation for the Surface Subsidence in the Goose Creek Oil and Gas Field, Texas. AAPG Bulletin, 11, 729. [12] Holzer, T.L. (1990) Land Subsidence Caused by Withdrawal of Oil and Gas in the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Houston, Texas, Case History. AAPG Bulletin, 74, 1497-1498. [13] Van der Kooij, M. (1997) Land Subsidence Measurements at the Belridge Oil Fields from ERS InSAR Data. The 3rd ESA ERS Symposium, Florence.
http://earth.esa.int/workshops/ers97/papers/vanderkooij1/index-2.html [14] Gabrysch, R.K. and Coplin, L.S. (1990) Land-Surface Subsidence in Houston-Galveston Region, Texas. Texas Water Development Board Report, No. 188, Austin. [15] Morton, R.A., Purcell, N.A. and Peterson, R.L. (2001) Field Evidence of Subsidence and Faulting Induced by Hydrocarbon Production in Coastal Southeast Texas. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, 51, 239-248. [16] Shinkle, K. and Dokka, R.K. (2004) Rates of Vertical Displacement at Benchmarks in the Lower Mississippi Valley and the Northern Gulf Coast. NOAA Technical Report, No. 50, 135 p. [17] Penland, S., Ramsey, K.E., McBride, R.A., Mestayer, J.T. and Westphal, K.A. (1988) Relative Sea-Level Rise and Delta-Plain Development in the Terrebonne Parish Region. Coastal Geology Tech Report, No. 4, 121 p. [18] Hejmanowski, R. (1993) Zur Vorausberechnung forderbedingter Bodensenkungen über Erdolund Erdgaslagerstatten (Prediction of Land Subsidence Induced by Oil and Gas Exploitation). Ph.D. Thesis, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld. [19] Melnikov, N.N. and Kalashnik, A.I. (2009) Man Induced Geodynamic Processes When Developing Oil and Gas Fields of the Barents Sea Shelf. Vestnik MGTU, 12, 601-608. [20] Nesterenko, Y.М., Kоsolapov, О.V. and Nesterenko, М.Y. (2010) Seismic Activity in the Regions of the Developed Hydrocarbons Fields. News of the Samara Scientific Center of the RAS, 12, 1240-1244. [21] Kreitler, C.W., Akhter, M.S., Donnelly, A.C.A. and Wood, W.T. (1988) Hydrogeology of Formations Used for Deep-Well Injection. Texas Gulf Coast: University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, 204 p. Report Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement No. CR812786-01-0. [22] Doornhof, D., Kristiansen, T.G., Nagel, N.B., Pattillo, P.D. and Sayers, C. (2006) Compaction and Subsidence. Oilfield Review, 18, 50-68. [23] Poland, J.F. and Davis, G.H. (1969) Land Subsidence Due to Withdrawal of Fluids. Reviews in Engineering Geology, 2, 187-269.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/REG2-p187 [24] Gorshkov, S.P. (1998) Conceptual Basics of Geoecology. Smolensk State University, Smolensk. [25] Аdushkin, V.V., Rodionov, V.N. and Turuntaev, S.B. (2000) Seismicity of Hydrocarbons Fields. Oil Review, 5, 4-15. [26] Kononova, M. (2011) Earthquakes. Characteristic. Examples. St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg. [27] Nikolaev, А.V. (1995) Problems of Induced Seismicity. In: Nikolaev, А.V. and Galkin, I.N., Eds., Induced Seismicity, Nauka, Moscow, 5-15. [28] Yashenko, V.R. (1989) Geodesic Researches of Vertical Movements of the Earth Crust. Nedra, Moscow, 192 p. [29] Yashenko, V.R. and Yambayev, H.K. (2006) Geodesy and Eternal Mysteries of the Earth Crust Movements. Geoprofi, 4, 61-66. [30] Lilienberg, D.A., Guseinzadeh, O.D., Kuliyev, F.T., Shirinov, N.Sh. and Yashenko, V.R. (1980) Complex Studies of Present Day Tectonic Movements on the Geodynamic Polygons of Azerbaijan. In: Bulanzhe, Yu.D., Lilienberg, D.A. and Podstrigach, Ya.S., Eds., Present Day Movements of the Earth Crust. Theory, Methods, Forecast, Nauka, Moscow, 165-174. [31] Muzipov, H.N., Yerka, B.А. and Illarionova, Е.G. (2009) Environmental Safety of Plants of the Exploration and Production Sector. Neftyanoe Khozaystvo, 1, 92-94.
[1] Xie, X., Jiao, J.J., Tang, Z. and Zheng, C. (2003) Evolution of Abnormally Low Pressure and Its Implications for the Hydrocarbon System in the Southeast Uplift Zone of Songliao Basin, China. AAPG Bulletin, 1, 99-119. [2] Koshlyak, V.A. (2002) Granitoid Oil and Gas Reservoirs. Tau-Press, Ufa. [3] Imanov, А.А. (2012) Physical and Mechanical Properties Sedimentary Rocks of the South-Caspian Basin in Subsurface Conditions: Deep Water Hydrocarbons Resources. Nafta-Press, Baku. [4] Morton, R.A. and Buster, N.A. (2002) Subsurface Controls on Historical Subsidence Rates and Associated Wetland Loss in South-Central Louisiana. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, 52, 767-778. [5] Patel, P. and Kulkarni, M.N. (2007) Application of GPS for Monitoring Land Subsidence. Journal of Earth Sciences, 1, 35-46. [6] Serebryakov, V.A. and Chilingar, G.V. (2000) Prediction of Subsidence: Relationship between Lowering of Formation Pressure and Subsidence Due to Fluid Withdrawal. Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 5, 409-416. [7] Аdushkin, V.V. and Turuntaev, S.B. (2005) Man Induced Processes in the Earth Crust (Hazards and Catastrophes). INEK, Moscow. [8] National Research Council (1991) Mitigating Losses from Land Subsidence in the United States. National Academy Press, Washington DC. [9] Mayuga, M.N. and Allen, D.R. (1970) Subsidence in the Wilmington Oil Field, Long Beach, California, U.S.A. In: Tison, L.J., Ed., Land Subsidence, International Association of Scientific Hydrology, UNESCO, 66-79. [10] Pratt, W.E. and Johnson, D.W. (1926) Local Subsidence of the Goose Creek Oil Field. Journal of Geology, 34, 577-590.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/623352 [11] Snider, L.C. (1927) A Suggested Explanation for the Surface Subsidence in the Goose Creek Oil and Gas Field, Texas. AAPG Bulletin, 11, 729. [12] Holzer, T.L. (1990) Land Subsidence Caused by Withdrawal of Oil and Gas in the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Houston, Texas, Case History. AAPG Bulletin, 74, 1497-1498. [13] Van der Kooij, M. (1997) Land Subsidence Measurements at the Belridge Oil Fields from ERS InSAR Data. The 3rd ESA ERS Symposium, Florence.
http://earth.esa.int/workshops/ers97/papers/vanderkooij1/index-2.html [14] Gabrysch, R.K. and Coplin, L.S. (1990) Land-Surface Subsidence in Houston-Galveston Region, Texas. Texas Water Development Board Report, No. 188, Austin. [15] Morton, R.A., Purcell, N.A. and Peterson, R.L. (2001) Field Evidence of Subsidence and Faulting Induced by Hydrocarbon Production in Coastal Southeast Texas. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, 51, 239-248. [16] Shinkle, K. and Dokka, R.K. (2004) Rates of Vertical Displacement at Benchmarks in the Lower Mississippi Valley and the Northern Gulf Coast. NOAA Technical Report, No. 50, 135 p. [17] Penland, S., Ramsey, K.E., McBride, R.A., Mestayer, J.T. and Westphal, K.A. (1988) Relative Sea-Level Rise and Delta-Plain Development in the Terrebonne Parish Region. Coastal Geology Tech Report, No. 4, 121 p. [18] Hejmanowski, R. (1993) Zur Vorausberechnung forderbedingter Bodensenkungen über Erdolund Erdgaslagerstatten (Prediction of Land Subsidence Induced by Oil and Gas Exploitation). Ph.D. Thesis, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld. [19] Melnikov, N.N. and Kalashnik, A.I. (2009) Man Induced Geodynamic Processes When Developing Oil and Gas Fields of the Barents Sea Shelf. Vestnik MGTU, 12, 601-608. [20] Nesterenko, Y.М., Kоsolapov, О.V. and Nesterenko, М.Y. (2010) Seismic Activity in the Regions of the Developed Hydrocarbons Fields. News of the Samara Scientific Center of the RAS, 12, 1240-1244. [21] Kreitler, C.W., Akhter, M.S., Donnelly, A.C.A. and Wood, W.T. (1988) Hydrogeology of Formations Used for Deep-Well Injection. Texas Gulf Coast: University of Texas at Austin Bureau of Economic Geology, Austin, 204 p. Report Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative Agreement No. CR812786-01-0. [22] Doornhof, D., Kristiansen, T.G., Nagel, N.B., Pattillo, P.D. and Sayers, C. (2006) Compaction and Subsidence. Oilfield Review, 18, 50-68. [23] Poland, J.F. and Davis, G.H. (1969) Land Subsidence Due to Withdrawal of Fluids. Reviews in Engineering Geology, 2, 187-269.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/REG2-p187 [24] Gorshkov, S.P. (1998) Conceptual Basics of Geoecology. Smolensk State University, Smolensk. [25] Аdushkin, V.V., Rodionov, V.N. and Turuntaev, S.B. (2000) Seismicity of Hydrocarbons Fields. Oil Review, 5, 4-15. [26] Kononova, M. (2011) Earthquakes. Characteristic. Examples. St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg. [27] Nikolaev, А.V. (1995) Problems of Induced Seismicity. In: Nikolaev, А.V. and Galkin, I.N., Eds., Induced Seismicity, Nauka, Moscow, 5-15. [28] Yashenko, V.R. (1989) Geodesic Researches of Vertical Movements of the Earth Crust. Nedra, Moscow, 192 p. [29] Yashenko, V.R. and Yambayev, H.K. (2006) Geodesy and Eternal Mysteries of the Earth Crust Movements. Geoprofi, 4, 61-66. [30] Lilienberg, D.A., Guseinzadeh, O.D., Kuliyev, F.T., Shirinov, N.Sh. and Yashenko, V.R. (1980) Complex Studies of Present Day Tectonic Movements on the Geodynamic Polygons of Azerbaijan. In: Bulanzhe, Yu.D., Lilienberg, D.A. and Podstrigach, Ya.S., Eds., Present Day Movements of the Earth Crust. Theory, Methods, Forecast, Nauka, Moscow, 165-174. [31] Muzipov, H.N., Yerka, B.А. and Illarionova, Е.G. (2009) Environmental Safety of Plants of the Exploration and Production Sector. Neftyanoe Khozaystvo, 1, 92-94.