Residual Effects of the Organic Amendments Poultry Litter, Farmyard Manure and Biochar on Soybean Crop
Author(s)
Alexandre Martins Abdão dos Passos1*,
Pedro Milanez de Rezende2,
Everson Reis Carvalho2,
Andréia Marcilane Aker3
Affiliation(s)
1 EMBRAPA Rondonia, Porto Velho, Brazil. 2 Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil. 3 Federal University of Rondonia (UNIR), Rolim de Moura, Brazil.
1 EMBRAPA Rondonia, Porto Velho, Brazil. 2 Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil. 3 Federal University of Rondonia (UNIR), Rolim de Moura, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
The use of organic wastes, as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer, can be an important strategy for Brazilian and tropical agriculture. Despite the importance, few field studies have been done for evaluating organic amendments on soybean crops in Brazil. The study aimed to evaluate the residual effects of the organic amendments poultry litter, farmyard manure and biochar combined with mineral fertilizer on some agronomic attributes of a soybean crop. A field experiment was carried out in a split-split-plot scheme, with three replicates in a randomized block experimental design. The organic sources (plots) at rates of 0, 3, 6 and 9 Mg·ha-1 (subplots) combined with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg·ha-1 (sub subplots) of a mineral fertilizer were applied in 2008. In 2009, only the mineral fertilizer was used on the soybean crop. As a result, all evaluated attributes were influenced by the treatments, except for the number of grains per pod. The application of poultry litter provided the highest yield (3715 kg·ha-1 using 9 Mg·ha-1 of the source). A synergistic effect between organic amendments and mineral fertilizer was observed. It was found the possibility of decrease doses of mineral fertilizers by prior use of organic amendments. The most effective dose combination application is 5.5 Mg·ha-1 of organic amendments associated with 200 kg·ha-1 of mineral fertilizer to provide optimum yield. The use of organic amendments, rich in nutrients, is a technology to sustainably increase the soybean grain yield.
The use of organic wastes, as an alternative to inorganic fertilizer, can be an important strategy for Brazilian and tropical agriculture. Despite the importance, few field studies have been done for evaluating organic amendments on soybean crops in Brazil. The study aimed to evaluate the residual effects of the organic amendments poultry litter, farmyard manure and biochar combined with mineral fertilizer on some agronomic attributes of a soybean crop. A field experiment was carried out in a split-split-plot scheme, with three replicates in a randomized block experimental design. The organic sources (plots) at rates of 0, 3, 6 and 9 Mg·ha-1 (subplots) combined with 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg·ha-1 (sub subplots) of a mineral fertilizer were applied in 2008. In 2009, only the mineral fertilizer was used on the soybean crop. As a result, all evaluated attributes were influenced by the treatments, except for the number of grains per pod. The application of poultry litter provided the highest yield (3715 kg·ha-1 using 9 Mg·ha-1 of the source). A synergistic effect between organic amendments and mineral fertilizer was observed. It was found the possibility of decrease doses of mineral fertilizers by prior use of organic amendments. The most effective dose combination application is 5.5 Mg·ha-1 of organic amendments associated with 200 kg·ha-1 of mineral fertilizer to provide optimum yield. The use of organic amendments, rich in nutrients, is a technology to sustainably increase the soybean grain yield.
Cite this paper
Passos, A. , Rezende, P. , Carvalho, E. and Aker, A. (2014) Residual Effects of the Organic Amendments Poultry Litter, Farmyard Manure and Biochar on Soybean Crop. Agricultural Sciences, 5, 1376-1383. doi: 10.4236/as.2014.514148.
Passos, A. , Rezende, P. , Carvalho, E. and Aker, A. (2014) Residual Effects of the Organic Amendments Poultry Litter, Farmyard Manure and Biochar on Soybean Crop. Agricultural Sciences, 5, 1376-1383. doi: 10.4236/as.2014.514148.
References
[1] FAO (2014) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations Statistics FAOSTAT.
http://faostat3.fao.org/ [2] ANDA (2010) Anuário estatístico do setor de fertilizantes. Sao Paulo, Brazil. [3] de Castro, S.H., Reis, R.P. and Lima, A.L.R. (2006) Custos de producao da soja cultivada sob sistema de plantio direto: Estudo de multicasos no oeste da Bahia. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 30, 1146-1153.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542006000600017 [4] Szogi, A.A., Bauer, J.P. and Vanotti, E.M.B. (2010) Fertilizer Effectiveness of Phosphorus Recovered from Broiler Litter. Agronomy Journal, 102, 723-727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0355 [5] Tagoe, S.O., Horiuchi, T. and Matsui, E.T. (2010). Effects of Carbonized Chicken Manure on the Growth, Nodulation, Yield, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents of Four Grain Legumes. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 684-700.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160903575915 [6] Bungenstab, E., Pereira Jr., A., Lin, J., Holliman, J. and Muntifering, R. (2013) Productivity and Nutritive Quality of Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) as Influenced by Cutting Height and Rate of Fertilization with Poultry Litter or Commercial Fertilizer. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 455-465.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.49061 [7] Moreira, R.A., Ramos, J.D., Araújo, N.A., Marques, V.B. and Melo, P.C. (2012) Produtividade e teores de nutrientes em cladódios de pitaia vermelha utilizando-se adubacao organica e granulado bioclástico. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias (Agrária), 7, 714-719.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v7isa1551 [8] Diacono, M. and Montemurro, F. (2010) Long-Term Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Fertility. A Review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30, 401-422.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009040 [9] Bhattacharyya, R.P.S.C., Chandra, S., Kundu, S., Supradip, S., Mina, B.L., Srivastva, A.K. and Gupta, H. (2010) Fertilization Effects on Yield Sustainability and Soil Properties under Irrigated Wheat-Soybean Rotation of an Indian Himalayan Upper Valley. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 86, 255-268.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9290-7 [10] Lemainski, J. and da Silva, J.E. (2006) Avaliacao agronomica e economica da aplicacao de biossólido na soja. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 41, 1477-1484.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2006001000004 [11] Corrêa, J.C., Büll, L.T., Crusciol, C.A.C. and Tecchio, M.A. (2008) Aplicacao superficial de escória, lama cal, lodos de esgoto e calcário na cultura da soja. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43, 1209-1219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2008000900016 [12] Ragagnin, V.A., Sena Jr., D.G., Dias, D.S., Braga, W.F. and Nogueira, P.D.M. (2013) Growth and Nodulation of Soybean Plants Fertilized with Poultry Litter. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 37, 17-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542013000100002 [13] Dantas, A.A.A., de Carvalho, L.G. and Ferreira, E. (2007) Classificacao e tendências climáticas em Lavras, MG. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 31, 1862-1866.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542007000600039 [14] Ribeiro, A.C., Guimaraes, P.T.G. and Alvarez, V.V.H. (1999) Recomendacao para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais: 5a aproximacao. Comissao de Fertilidade do Solo do Estado de Minas Gerais, Vicosa. [15] EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUáRIA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos (2006) Sistema brasileiro de classificacao de solos. 2nd Edition, Rio de Janeiro. [16] Fehr, W.R., Caviness, C.E., Burmood, D.T. and Pennington, J.S. (1971) Stage of Development Descriptions for Soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merril. Crop Science, 11, 929-931.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100060051x [17] Ferreira, D.F. (2011) Sisvar: A Computer Statistical Analysis System. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 35, 1039-1042. [18] Ritchie, S.W., Hanway, J.J., Thompson, H.E. and Benson, G.O. (1997) How a Soybean Plant Develops. Special Report 53, Iowa State University of Science and Technology Cooperative Extension Service, Ames, 20 p. [19] Custódio, T.N., Morais, A.R. and Muniz, J.A. (2000) Superfície de resposta em experimento com parcelas subdivididas. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 24, 1008-1023. [20] Sohi, S.P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E. and Bol, R. (2010) A Review of Biochar and Its Use and Function in Soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105, 47-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(10)05002-9 [21] Suppadit, T., Phumkokrak, N. and Poungsuk, P. (2012) The Effect of Using Quail Litter Biochar on Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Production. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72, 244-251.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392012000200013 [22] Goncalves Júnior, A.C., Nacke, H., Maregoni, N.G., Carvalho, E.A. and Coelho, G.F. (2010) Produtividade e componentes de producao da soja adubada com diferentes doses de fósforo, potássio e zinco. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 34, 660-666.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542010000300019 [23] Bianco, S., Pitelli, R.A. and Carvalho, L.B. (2007) Estudo comparativo do acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes por plantas de Glycine max (L.) Merr. e Euphorbia heterophylla L. Ensaios e Ciência, 11, 61-72. [24] EMBRAPA (2008) Tecnologias de producao de soja—Regiao central do Brasil 2009 e 2010. Embrapa Soja, Londrina. [25] Carvalho, E.R., Rezende, P.M., Andrade, M.J.B., Passos, A.M.A. and Oliveira, J.A. (2011) Fertilizante mineral e resíduo organico sobre características agronomicas da soja e nutrientes no solo. Revista Ciência Agron?mica, 42, 930-939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902011000400015 [26] Mandal, K.G., Hati, K.M. and Misra, E.A.K. (2009) Biomass Yield and Energy Analysis of Soybean Production in Relation to Fertilizer-NPK and Organic Manure. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 1670-1679.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.08.010 [27] Krzyzanowski, F.C., Franca-Neto, J.B. and Costa, N.P. (1991) Efeito da classificacao de sementes de soja por tamanho sobre sua qualidade e a precisao de semeadura. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 13, 59-68. [28] Madanzi, T., Chiduza, C. and Richardson-Kageler, S.J. (2010) Effects of Planting Method and Seed Size on Stand Establishment of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Solitaire]. Soil and Tillage Research, 106, 171-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.12.003 [29] de Melo Carvalho, M.T., Madari, B.E., Bastiaans, L., Oort, P.A.J.V., Heinemann, A.B., da Silva, M.A.S., de Holanda Nunes Maia, A. and Meinke, H. (2013) Biochar Improves Fertility of a Clay Soil in the Brazilian Savannah: Short Term Effects and Impact on Rice Yield. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 114, 101-107. [30] Woods, W.I., Falcao, N.P. and Teixeira, W.G. (2006) Biochar Trials Aim to Enrich Soil for Smallholders. Nature, 443, 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/443144b
[1] FAO (2014) Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations Statistics FAOSTAT.
http://faostat3.fao.org/ [2] ANDA (2010) Anuário estatístico do setor de fertilizantes. Sao Paulo, Brazil. [3] de Castro, S.H., Reis, R.P. and Lima, A.L.R. (2006) Custos de producao da soja cultivada sob sistema de plantio direto: Estudo de multicasos no oeste da Bahia. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 30, 1146-1153.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542006000600017 [4] Szogi, A.A., Bauer, J.P. and Vanotti, E.M.B. (2010) Fertilizer Effectiveness of Phosphorus Recovered from Broiler Litter. Agronomy Journal, 102, 723-727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0355 [5] Tagoe, S.O., Horiuchi, T. and Matsui, E.T. (2010). Effects of Carbonized Chicken Manure on the Growth, Nodulation, Yield, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents of Four Grain Legumes. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 684-700.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160903575915 [6] Bungenstab, E., Pereira Jr., A., Lin, J., Holliman, J. and Muntifering, R. (2013) Productivity and Nutritive Quality of Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) as Influenced by Cutting Height and Rate of Fertilization with Poultry Litter or Commercial Fertilizer. Agricultural Sciences, 4, 455-465.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2013.49061 [7] Moreira, R.A., Ramos, J.D., Araújo, N.A., Marques, V.B. and Melo, P.C. (2012) Produtividade e teores de nutrientes em cladódios de pitaia vermelha utilizando-se adubacao organica e granulado bioclástico. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias (Agrária), 7, 714-719.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v7isa1551 [8] Diacono, M. and Montemurro, F. (2010) Long-Term Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Fertility. A Review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 30, 401-422.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009040 [9] Bhattacharyya, R.P.S.C., Chandra, S., Kundu, S., Supradip, S., Mina, B.L., Srivastva, A.K. and Gupta, H. (2010) Fertilization Effects on Yield Sustainability and Soil Properties under Irrigated Wheat-Soybean Rotation of an Indian Himalayan Upper Valley. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 86, 255-268.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-009-9290-7 [10] Lemainski, J. and da Silva, J.E. (2006) Avaliacao agronomica e economica da aplicacao de biossólido na soja. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 41, 1477-1484.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2006001000004 [11] Corrêa, J.C., Büll, L.T., Crusciol, C.A.C. and Tecchio, M.A. (2008) Aplicacao superficial de escória, lama cal, lodos de esgoto e calcário na cultura da soja. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43, 1209-1219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2008000900016 [12] Ragagnin, V.A., Sena Jr., D.G., Dias, D.S., Braga, W.F. and Nogueira, P.D.M. (2013) Growth and Nodulation of Soybean Plants Fertilized with Poultry Litter. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 37, 17-24.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542013000100002 [13] Dantas, A.A.A., de Carvalho, L.G. and Ferreira, E. (2007) Classificacao e tendências climáticas em Lavras, MG. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 31, 1862-1866.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542007000600039 [14] Ribeiro, A.C., Guimaraes, P.T.G. and Alvarez, V.V.H. (1999) Recomendacao para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais: 5a aproximacao. Comissao de Fertilidade do Solo do Estado de Minas Gerais, Vicosa. [15] EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUáRIA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos (2006) Sistema brasileiro de classificacao de solos. 2nd Edition, Rio de Janeiro. [16] Fehr, W.R., Caviness, C.E., Burmood, D.T. and Pennington, J.S. (1971) Stage of Development Descriptions for Soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merril. Crop Science, 11, 929-931.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100060051x [17] Ferreira, D.F. (2011) Sisvar: A Computer Statistical Analysis System. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 35, 1039-1042. [18] Ritchie, S.W., Hanway, J.J., Thompson, H.E. and Benson, G.O. (1997) How a Soybean Plant Develops. Special Report 53, Iowa State University of Science and Technology Cooperative Extension Service, Ames, 20 p. [19] Custódio, T.N., Morais, A.R. and Muniz, J.A. (2000) Superfície de resposta em experimento com parcelas subdivididas. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 24, 1008-1023. [20] Sohi, S.P., Krull, E., Lopez-Capel, E. and Bol, R. (2010) A Review of Biochar and Its Use and Function in Soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105, 47-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(10)05002-9 [21] Suppadit, T., Phumkokrak, N. and Poungsuk, P. (2012) The Effect of Using Quail Litter Biochar on Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Production. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72, 244-251.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392012000200013 [22] Goncalves Júnior, A.C., Nacke, H., Maregoni, N.G., Carvalho, E.A. and Coelho, G.F. (2010) Produtividade e componentes de producao da soja adubada com diferentes doses de fósforo, potássio e zinco. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 34, 660-666.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542010000300019 [23] Bianco, S., Pitelli, R.A. and Carvalho, L.B. (2007) Estudo comparativo do acúmulo de massa seca e macronutrientes por plantas de Glycine max (L.) Merr. e Euphorbia heterophylla L. Ensaios e Ciência, 11, 61-72. [24] EMBRAPA (2008) Tecnologias de producao de soja—Regiao central do Brasil 2009 e 2010. Embrapa Soja, Londrina. [25] Carvalho, E.R., Rezende, P.M., Andrade, M.J.B., Passos, A.M.A. and Oliveira, J.A. (2011) Fertilizante mineral e resíduo organico sobre características agronomicas da soja e nutrientes no solo. Revista Ciência Agron?mica, 42, 930-939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902011000400015 [26] Mandal, K.G., Hati, K.M. and Misra, E.A.K. (2009) Biomass Yield and Energy Analysis of Soybean Production in Relation to Fertilizer-NPK and Organic Manure. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33, 1670-1679.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.08.010 [27] Krzyzanowski, F.C., Franca-Neto, J.B. and Costa, N.P. (1991) Efeito da classificacao de sementes de soja por tamanho sobre sua qualidade e a precisao de semeadura. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 13, 59-68. [28] Madanzi, T., Chiduza, C. and Richardson-Kageler, S.J. (2010) Effects of Planting Method and Seed Size on Stand Establishment of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. Solitaire]. Soil and Tillage Research, 106, 171-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.12.003 [29] de Melo Carvalho, M.T., Madari, B.E., Bastiaans, L., Oort, P.A.J.V., Heinemann, A.B., da Silva, M.A.S., de Holanda Nunes Maia, A. and Meinke, H. (2013) Biochar Improves Fertility of a Clay Soil in the Brazilian Savannah: Short Term Effects and Impact on Rice Yield. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 114, 101-107. [30] Woods, W.I., Falcao, N.P. and Teixeira, W.G. (2006) Biochar Trials Aim to Enrich Soil for Smallholders. Nature, 443, 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/443144b