Verbal Assistance within the Context of an IADL Evaluation
Author(s)
Guylaine Le Dorze1,2*,
Judith Villeneuve1,2,
Anna Zumbansen1,2,
Michèle Masson-Trottier1,2,
Carolina Bottari2,3
Affiliation(s)
1 School of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. 2 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montreal, Canada. 3 Occupational Therapy Program, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
1 School of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. 2 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montreal, Canada. 3 Occupational Therapy Program, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the types of verbal assistance that facilitate task progression in individuals with cognitive deficits secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Two individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI needing verbal assistance to complete the “Obtaining Information task” of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile were selected. A qualitative conversational analysis was conducted on the complete verbatim of the interactions that occurred between the evaluator and each participant while planning how they would find the information. The evaluator provided the least possible assistance to observe the maximal levels of independence of each individual. Results and Outcomes: Six types of verbal assistance, offered in response to each participant’s specific problems, facilitated goal formulation for finding information: restarting, scaffolding, cueing, action priming, offer of a strategy, and explicit advice. Explicit advice that involved the therapist thinking for the person was only provided after numerous other types of more implicit assistance had failed to facilitate task progression. Conclusions: Therapists can facilitate task-related goal formulation and attainment in individuals with cognitive limitations using several types of well-adjusted verbal assistance.
Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the types of verbal assistance that facilitate task progression in individuals with cognitive deficits secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Two individuals with moderate-to-severe TBI needing verbal assistance to complete the “Obtaining Information task” of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile were selected. A qualitative conversational analysis was conducted on the complete verbatim of the interactions that occurred between the evaluator and each participant while planning how they would find the information. The evaluator provided the least possible assistance to observe the maximal levels of independence of each individual. Results and Outcomes: Six types of verbal assistance, offered in response to each participant’s specific problems, facilitated goal formulation for finding information: restarting, scaffolding, cueing, action priming, offer of a strategy, and explicit advice. Explicit advice that involved the therapist thinking for the person was only provided after numerous other types of more implicit assistance had failed to facilitate task progression. Conclusions: Therapists can facilitate task-related goal formulation and attainment in individuals with cognitive limitations using several types of well-adjusted verbal assistance.
Cite this paper
Dorze, G. , Villeneuve, J. , Zumbansen, A. , Masson-Trottier, M. and Bottari, C. (2014) Verbal Assistance within the Context of an IADL Evaluation. Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2, 182-198. doi: 10.4236/ojtr.2014.24024.
Dorze, G. , Villeneuve, J. , Zumbansen, A. , Masson-Trottier, M. and Bottari, C. (2014) Verbal Assistance within the Context of an IADL Evaluation. Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2, 182-198. doi: 10.4236/ojtr.2014.24024.
References
[1] Bottari, C., Dassa, C., Rainville, C. and Dutil, E. (2009) The Criterion-Related Validity of the IADL Profile with Measures of Executive Functions, Indices of Trauma Severity and Sociodemographic Characteristics. Brain Injury, 23, 322-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699050902788436 [2] Godefroy, O., Azouvi, P., Robert, P., Roussel, M., LeGall, D. and Meulemans, T., Groupe de Reflexion sur l’Evaluation des Fonctions Executives Study (2010) Dysexecutive Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria and Validation Study. Annals of Neurology, 68, 855-864. [3] Bottari, C., Dassa, C., Rainville, C. and Dutil, E. (2009) The Factorial Validity and Internal Consistency of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile in Individuals with a Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19, 177-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602010802188435 [4] Gillen, G. (2009) Cognitive and Perceptual Rehabilitation. Mosby/Elsevier, St. Louis. [5] Baum, C.M., Connor, L.T., Morrison, T., Hahn, M., Dromerick, A.W. and Edwards, D.F. (2008) Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility of the Executive Function Performance Test: A Measure of Executive Function in a Sample of People with Stroke. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62, 446-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.62.4.446 [6] Ylvisaker, M., Szekeres, S.F. and Feeney, T. (2008) Communication Disorders Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Chapey R., Ed., Language Intervention Strategies in Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders, 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 879. [7] Togher, L., Hand, L. and Code, C. (1997) Analysing Discourse in the Traumatic Brain Injury Population: Telephone Interactions with Different Communication Partners. Brain Injury, 11, 169-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026990597123629 [8] Togher, L., Taylor, C., Aird, V. and Grant, S. (2006) The Impact of Varied Speaker Role and Communication Partner on the Communicative Interactions of a Person with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Single Case Study Using Systemic Functional Linguistics. Brain Impairment, 7, 190-201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.7.3.190 [9] Togher, L. and Hand, L. (1999) The Macrostructure of the Interview: Are Traumatic Brain Injury Interactions Structured Differently to Control Interactions? Aphasiology, 13, 709-723.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026870399401821 [10] Togher, L., McDonald, S., Code, C. and Grant, S. (2004) Training Communication Partners of People with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Aphasiology, 18, 313-335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030344000535 [11] Simmons-Mackie, N. and Damico, J. (1999) Social Role Negotiation in Aphasia Therapy: Competence, Incompetence and Conflict. In: Kovarsky, D., Duchan, J. and Maxwell, M., Eds., Constructing (In)Competence: Disabling Evaluations in Clinical and Social Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 313-342. [12] Simmons-Mackie, N. and Damico, J. (2008) Exposed and Embedded Corrections in Aphasia Therapy: Issues of Voice and Identity. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 43, 5-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13682820701697889 [13] Horton, S. (2006) A Framework for Description and Analysis of Therapy for Language Impairment in Aphasia. Aphasiology, 20, 528-564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030600590130 [14] Bottari, C.L., Dassa, C., Rainville, C.M. and Dutil, E. (2010) The IADL Profile: Development, Content Validity, Intra- and Interrater Agreement. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 77, 90-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2010.77.2.5 [15] Bottari, C., Dassa, C., Rainville, C. and Dutil, E. (2010) A Generalizability Study of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 734-742.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.12.023 [16] Bottari, C., Gosselin, N., Guillemette, M., Lamoureux, J. and Ptito, A. (2011) Independence in Managing One’s Finances after Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Injury, 25, 1306-1317.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2011.624570 [17] Potter, J. (2004) Discourse Analysis. In: Hardy, M. and Bryman, A., Eds., Handbook of Data Analysis, SAGE Research Methods, 607-642. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781848608184.n27 [18] Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. and Jefferson, G. (1974) A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking in Conversation. Language, 50, 696-735. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/412243 [19] QDA Miner (Computer Program). Version 3.2, Provalis Research, Montreal, 2007.
[1] Bottari, C., Dassa, C., Rainville, C. and Dutil, E. (2009) The Criterion-Related Validity of the IADL Profile with Measures of Executive Functions, Indices of Trauma Severity and Sociodemographic Characteristics. Brain Injury, 23, 322-335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699050902788436 [2] Godefroy, O., Azouvi, P., Robert, P., Roussel, M., LeGall, D. and Meulemans, T., Groupe de Reflexion sur l’Evaluation des Fonctions Executives Study (2010) Dysexecutive Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria and Validation Study. Annals of Neurology, 68, 855-864. [3] Bottari, C., Dassa, C., Rainville, C. and Dutil, E. (2009) The Factorial Validity and Internal Consistency of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile in Individuals with a Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19, 177-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602010802188435 [4] Gillen, G. (2009) Cognitive and Perceptual Rehabilitation. Mosby/Elsevier, St. Louis. [5] Baum, C.M., Connor, L.T., Morrison, T., Hahn, M., Dromerick, A.W. and Edwards, D.F. (2008) Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility of the Executive Function Performance Test: A Measure of Executive Function in a Sample of People with Stroke. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62, 446-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.62.4.446 [6] Ylvisaker, M., Szekeres, S.F. and Feeney, T. (2008) Communication Disorders Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Chapey R., Ed., Language Intervention Strategies in Aphasia and Related Neurogenic Communication Disorders, 5th Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 879. [7] Togher, L., Hand, L. and Code, C. (1997) Analysing Discourse in the Traumatic Brain Injury Population: Telephone Interactions with Different Communication Partners. Brain Injury, 11, 169-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026990597123629 [8] Togher, L., Taylor, C., Aird, V. and Grant, S. (2006) The Impact of Varied Speaker Role and Communication Partner on the Communicative Interactions of a Person with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Single Case Study Using Systemic Functional Linguistics. Brain Impairment, 7, 190-201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.7.3.190 [9] Togher, L. and Hand, L. (1999) The Macrostructure of the Interview: Are Traumatic Brain Injury Interactions Structured Differently to Control Interactions? Aphasiology, 13, 709-723.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026870399401821 [10] Togher, L., McDonald, S., Code, C. and Grant, S. (2004) Training Communication Partners of People with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Aphasiology, 18, 313-335.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030344000535 [11] Simmons-Mackie, N. and Damico, J. (1999) Social Role Negotiation in Aphasia Therapy: Competence, Incompetence and Conflict. In: Kovarsky, D., Duchan, J. and Maxwell, M., Eds., Constructing (In)Competence: Disabling Evaluations in Clinical and Social Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 313-342. [12] Simmons-Mackie, N. and Damico, J. (2008) Exposed and Embedded Corrections in Aphasia Therapy: Issues of Voice and Identity. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 43, 5-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13682820701697889 [13] Horton, S. (2006) A Framework for Description and Analysis of Therapy for Language Impairment in Aphasia. Aphasiology, 20, 528-564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030600590130 [14] Bottari, C.L., Dassa, C., Rainville, C.M. and Dutil, E. (2010) The IADL Profile: Development, Content Validity, Intra- and Interrater Agreement. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 77, 90-100.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2010.77.2.5 [15] Bottari, C., Dassa, C., Rainville, C. and Dutil, E. (2010) A Generalizability Study of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91, 734-742.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.12.023 [16] Bottari, C., Gosselin, N., Guillemette, M., Lamoureux, J. and Ptito, A. (2011) Independence in Managing One’s Finances after Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Injury, 25, 1306-1317.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2011.624570 [17] Potter, J. (2004) Discourse Analysis. In: Hardy, M. and Bryman, A., Eds., Handbook of Data Analysis, SAGE Research Methods, 607-642. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781848608184.n27 [18] Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. and Jefferson, G. (1974) A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking in Conversation. Language, 50, 696-735. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/412243 [19] QDA Miner (Computer Program). Version 3.2, Provalis Research, Montreal, 2007.