Effect of Painting Therapy on Aggression in Educable Intellectually Disabled Students
Affiliation(s)
1 Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 2 Addiction Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
1 Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 2 Addiction Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
ABSTRACT
Children with intellectual development disorder require to longer time for data processing. Delayed responses often exposed them to problematic condition like ignoring, stigma and physical or mental punishment. Intellectually disabled (ID) students also are in greater risk of psychological disorders such as anxiety and aggression based on problematic circumstances. This study was an experimental randomized controlled survey for assessment of painting therapy in reducing aggression in ID students. A total number of 20 educable ID children in elementary schools for student with special needs education in Bojnord City of Iran, were selected by using random sampling method in 2012. Participants were matched for age and educational level in intervention and control groups. According to Rotter and Goodenough test, after painting therapy, the mean scores of aggression in intervention group and control group were significantly different. The effect of painting therapy in male and female students was not statistically different. Painting therapy was effective method in reducing aggressive behaviors in ID students, as a complementary treatment in both male and female children. Painting therapy can be an effective method in similar behavioral problems in ID students.
Children with intellectual development disorder require to longer time for data processing. Delayed responses often exposed them to problematic condition like ignoring, stigma and physical or mental punishment. Intellectually disabled (ID) students also are in greater risk of psychological disorders such as anxiety and aggression based on problematic circumstances. This study was an experimental randomized controlled survey for assessment of painting therapy in reducing aggression in ID students. A total number of 20 educable ID children in elementary schools for student with special needs education in Bojnord City of Iran, were selected by using random sampling method in 2012. Participants were matched for age and educational level in intervention and control groups. According to Rotter and Goodenough test, after painting therapy, the mean scores of aggression in intervention group and control group were significantly different. The effect of painting therapy in male and female students was not statistically different. Painting therapy was effective method in reducing aggressive behaviors in ID students, as a complementary treatment in both male and female children. Painting therapy can be an effective method in similar behavioral problems in ID students.
Cite this paper
Hashemian, P. & Jarahi, L. (2014). Effect of Painting Therapy on Aggression in Educable Intellectually Disabled Students. Psychology, 5, 2058-2063. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.518208.
Hashemian, P. & Jarahi, L. (2014). Effect of Painting Therapy on Aggression in Educable Intellectually Disabled Students. Psychology, 5, 2058-2063. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.518208.
References
[1] Abolfotouh, M. A., El-Bourgy, M. D., Seif El Din, A. G., & Mehanna, A. A. (2009). Corporal Punishment: Mother’s Disciplinary Behavior and Child’s Psychological Profile in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 5, 5-17.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01025.x [2] Alavinezhad, R., Mousavi, M., & Sohrabi, N. (2014). Effects of Art Therapy on Anger and Self-Esteem in Aggressive Children. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113, 111-117.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.016 [3] Argyle, E., & Bolton, G. (2005). Art in the Community for Potentially Vulnerable Mental Health Groups. Health Education, 105, 340-354.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654280510617178 [4] Attari, B., Shafi, A. A., & Salimi, H. (2012). The Effectiveness of Teaching Painting on Decreasing the Amount of Anxiety in Elementary School Boys. Counseling Culture, 2, 47-64. [5] Behpazhouh, A., & Nouri, F. (2003). The Effect of Painting Therapy on the Reduction of Aggressive Behavior in Mentally Retarded Children. Journal of Psychology and Education, 32, 155-170. [6] Chen, R. C., Liu, C. L., Lin, M. H., Peng, L. N., Chen, L. Y., Liu, L. K., & Chen, L. K. (2014). Non-Pharmacological Treatment Reducing Not Only Behavioral Symptoms, but Also Psychotic Symptoms of Older Adults with Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan. Geriatrics Gerontology International, 14, 440-446.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12126 [7] Cusimano, M. D., Nastis, S., & Zuccaro, L. (2013). Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Aggression and Injuries among Ice Hockey Players: A Systematic Review. CMAJ, 185, E57-E69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.112017 [8] Dalley, T. (2008). Art as Therapy: An Introduction to the Use of Art as a Therapeutic Technique. London: Routledge. [9] Hartz, L., & Thick, L. (2005). Art Therapy Strategies to Raise Self-Esteem in Female Juvenile Offenders: A Comparison of Art Psychotherapy and Art as Therapy Approaches. Art Therapy, 22, 70-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129440 [10] Hocoy, D. (2005). Art Therapy and Social Action: A Transpersonal Framework. Art Therapy, 22, 7-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129466 [11] Kaldy, J. (2013). Alternative Therapies for a New Era of Health Care. Consultant Pharmacist, 28, 84-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2013.84 [12] Karami, J., Alikhani, M., Zakiei, A., & Khodadi, K. (2012). The Effectiveness of Art Therapy (Painting) in Reducing the Aggressive Behavior of Students with Dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1, 105-117. [13] Khadar, M. G., Babapour, J., & Sabourimoghaddam, H. (2013). The Effect of Art Therapy Based on Painting Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Elementary School Boys. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1872-1878.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.051 [14] Kryzhanovskaia, I. L. (1989). Comparative Age-Related Characteristics of Psychopathy-Like Syndrome in Mentally Retarded Children. Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S. S. Korsakova, 89, 32-35. [15] Nasirzadeh, R., & Roshan, R. (2010). The Effect of Storytelling on Aggression in Six to Eight-Year Old Boys. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 16, 118-126. [16] Nezadi Kashani, G., Mirzamani, S. M., Davarmanesh, A., Salehi, M., Massah Choolaby, O., Hashemi, M., & Gholami, A. (2011). The Effect of Painting in Reduction of Aggression in Educable Mentally Retarded Female Students in Primary School. Journal of Rehabilitation, 11, 80-87. [17] Nissimov-Nahum, E. (2008). A Model for Art Therapy in Educational Settings with Children Who Behave Aggressively. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35, 341-348.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2008.07.003 [18] Parciack, R., Winnik, H. Z., & Shmueli, M. (1975). Aggression in Painting-Painting as a Means of Release of Aggression. Mental Health and Society, 2, 225-237. [19] Pratt, R. R. (2004). Art, Dance, and Music Therapy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 15, 827-841.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2004.03.004 [20] Rose, J. (2013). A Preliminary Investigation into the Influence of Therapist Experience on the Outcome of Individual Anger Interventions for People with Intellectual Disabilities. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41, 470-478.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000823 [21] Ross, S., Cidambi, I., Dermatis, H., Weinstein, J., Ziedonis, D., Roth, S., & Galanter, M. (2008). Music Therapy: A Novel Motivational Approach for Dually Diagnosed Patients. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 27, 41-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J069v27n01_05 [22] Rubin, J. A. (1999). Art Therapy: An Introduction. Hove: Psychology Press. [23] Russell, C., & Russell, W. M. (1979). The Natural History of Violence. Journal of Medical Ethics, 5, 108-116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.5.3.108 [24] Schauss, A. G. (1979). Tranquilizing Effect of Color Reduces Aggressive Behavior and Potential Violence. Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry, 8, 218-221. [25] Sigelman, C. K., Schoenrock, C. J., Spanhel, C. L., Hromas, S. G., Winer, J. L., Budd, E. C., & Martin, P. W. (1980). Surveying Mentally Retarded Persons: Responsiveness and Response Validity in Three Samples. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 84, 479-486. [26] Simo-Pinatella, D., Alomar-Kurz, E., Font-Roura, J., Gine, C., Matson, J. L., & Cifre, I. (2013). Questions about Behavioral Function (QABF): Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 1248-1255.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.015 [27] Vick, R. M. (2003). A Brief History of Art Therapy. In Handbook of Art Therapy (pp. 5-16). [28] Wells, J. L., Seabrook, J. A., Stolee, P., Borrie, M. J., & Knoefel, F. (2003). State of the Art in Geriatric Rehabilitation. Part I: Review of Frailty and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 890-897.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(02)04929-8
[1] Abolfotouh, M. A., El-Bourgy, M. D., Seif El Din, A. G., & Mehanna, A. A. (2009). Corporal Punishment: Mother’s Disciplinary Behavior and Child’s Psychological Profile in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 5, 5-17.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01025.x [2] Alavinezhad, R., Mousavi, M., & Sohrabi, N. (2014). Effects of Art Therapy on Anger and Self-Esteem in Aggressive Children. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 113, 111-117.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.016 [3] Argyle, E., & Bolton, G. (2005). Art in the Community for Potentially Vulnerable Mental Health Groups. Health Education, 105, 340-354.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654280510617178 [4] Attari, B., Shafi, A. A., & Salimi, H. (2012). The Effectiveness of Teaching Painting on Decreasing the Amount of Anxiety in Elementary School Boys. Counseling Culture, 2, 47-64. [5] Behpazhouh, A., & Nouri, F. (2003). The Effect of Painting Therapy on the Reduction of Aggressive Behavior in Mentally Retarded Children. Journal of Psychology and Education, 32, 155-170. [6] Chen, R. C., Liu, C. L., Lin, M. H., Peng, L. N., Chen, L. Y., Liu, L. K., & Chen, L. K. (2014). Non-Pharmacological Treatment Reducing Not Only Behavioral Symptoms, but Also Psychotic Symptoms of Older Adults with Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan. Geriatrics Gerontology International, 14, 440-446.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12126 [7] Cusimano, M. D., Nastis, S., & Zuccaro, L. (2013). Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Aggression and Injuries among Ice Hockey Players: A Systematic Review. CMAJ, 185, E57-E69.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.112017 [8] Dalley, T. (2008). Art as Therapy: An Introduction to the Use of Art as a Therapeutic Technique. London: Routledge. [9] Hartz, L., & Thick, L. (2005). Art Therapy Strategies to Raise Self-Esteem in Female Juvenile Offenders: A Comparison of Art Psychotherapy and Art as Therapy Approaches. Art Therapy, 22, 70-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129440 [10] Hocoy, D. (2005). Art Therapy and Social Action: A Transpersonal Framework. Art Therapy, 22, 7-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129466 [11] Kaldy, J. (2013). Alternative Therapies for a New Era of Health Care. Consultant Pharmacist, 28, 84-90.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/TCP.n.2013.84 [12] Karami, J., Alikhani, M., Zakiei, A., & Khodadi, K. (2012). The Effectiveness of Art Therapy (Painting) in Reducing the Aggressive Behavior of Students with Dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1, 105-117. [13] Khadar, M. G., Babapour, J., & Sabourimoghaddam, H. (2013). The Effect of Art Therapy Based on Painting Therapy in Reducing Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Elementary School Boys. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1872-1878.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.051 [14] Kryzhanovskaia, I. L. (1989). Comparative Age-Related Characteristics of Psychopathy-Like Syndrome in Mentally Retarded Children. Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S. S. Korsakova, 89, 32-35. [15] Nasirzadeh, R., & Roshan, R. (2010). The Effect of Storytelling on Aggression in Six to Eight-Year Old Boys. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 16, 118-126. [16] Nezadi Kashani, G., Mirzamani, S. M., Davarmanesh, A., Salehi, M., Massah Choolaby, O., Hashemi, M., & Gholami, A. (2011). The Effect of Painting in Reduction of Aggression in Educable Mentally Retarded Female Students in Primary School. Journal of Rehabilitation, 11, 80-87. [17] Nissimov-Nahum, E. (2008). A Model for Art Therapy in Educational Settings with Children Who Behave Aggressively. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35, 341-348.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2008.07.003 [18] Parciack, R., Winnik, H. Z., & Shmueli, M. (1975). Aggression in Painting-Painting as a Means of Release of Aggression. Mental Health and Society, 2, 225-237. [19] Pratt, R. R. (2004). Art, Dance, and Music Therapy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 15, 827-841.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2004.03.004 [20] Rose, J. (2013). A Preliminary Investigation into the Influence of Therapist Experience on the Outcome of Individual Anger Interventions for People with Intellectual Disabilities. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 41, 470-478.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000823 [21] Ross, S., Cidambi, I., Dermatis, H., Weinstein, J., Ziedonis, D., Roth, S., & Galanter, M. (2008). Music Therapy: A Novel Motivational Approach for Dually Diagnosed Patients. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 27, 41-53.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J069v27n01_05 [22] Rubin, J. A. (1999). Art Therapy: An Introduction. Hove: Psychology Press. [23] Russell, C., & Russell, W. M. (1979). The Natural History of Violence. Journal of Medical Ethics, 5, 108-116.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.5.3.108 [24] Schauss, A. G. (1979). Tranquilizing Effect of Color Reduces Aggressive Behavior and Potential Violence. Journal of Orthomolecular Psychiatry, 8, 218-221. [25] Sigelman, C. K., Schoenrock, C. J., Spanhel, C. L., Hromas, S. G., Winer, J. L., Budd, E. C., & Martin, P. W. (1980). Surveying Mentally Retarded Persons: Responsiveness and Response Validity in Three Samples. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 84, 479-486. [26] Simo-Pinatella, D., Alomar-Kurz, E., Font-Roura, J., Gine, C., Matson, J. L., & Cifre, I. (2013). Questions about Behavioral Function (QABF): Adaptation and Validation of the Spanish Version. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 1248-1255.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.015 [27] Vick, R. M. (2003). A Brief History of Art Therapy. In Handbook of Art Therapy (pp. 5-16). [28] Wells, J. L., Seabrook, J. A., Stolee, P., Borrie, M. J., & Knoefel, F. (2003). State of the Art in Geriatric Rehabilitation. Part I: Review of Frailty and Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 890-897.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(02)04929-8