Second Law of Thermodynamics Formalism Applied to Finite Duration through Cycles of Living Dissipative Systems
Author(s)
Jorge Antonio Montemayor-Aldrete1,
Pablo Ugalde-Vélez2,
Marcelo Del Castillo-Mussot1,
Gerardo Jorge Vázquez1,
Ernesto Federico Montemayor-Varela3
Affiliation(s)
1 Departamento de Estado Sólido, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México. 2 Departamento de Materiales (CBI), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, México, D.F., México. 3 Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México, D.F., México.
1 Departamento de Estado Sólido, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México. 2 Departamento de Materiales (CBI), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, México, D.F., México. 3 Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, México, D.F., México.
ABSTRACT
A simple and general theory to describe basic irreversible thermodynamic aspects of aging in all dissipative living is presented. Any dissipative system during its operation continuously loses efficiency by the production of structural or functional defects because of the second law of thermodynamics. This continuous loss of efficiency occurs on all the dissipative systems through the realization of specific functional cycles, leading to a maximum action principle of any system involving the Planck’s constant during their total dissipative operation. We applied our theory to the calculation of men and women lifespans from basal metabolic rate per unit weight and to the calculation of a new aging parameter per cycle of some human organs or physiological functions. All microscopic theory of the aging of living beings should be consistent with the second law of the thermodynamics. In other words, the operation of the biological self-organized structures only implies a delay in which the dissipative biological systems outside of equilibrium approach inexorably to the thermodynamic equilibrium obeying the second law of the thermodynamics.
A simple and general theory to describe basic irreversible thermodynamic aspects of aging in all dissipative living is presented. Any dissipative system during its operation continuously loses efficiency by the production of structural or functional defects because of the second law of thermodynamics. This continuous loss of efficiency occurs on all the dissipative systems through the realization of specific functional cycles, leading to a maximum action principle of any system involving the Planck’s constant during their total dissipative operation. We applied our theory to the calculation of men and women lifespans from basal metabolic rate per unit weight and to the calculation of a new aging parameter per cycle of some human organs or physiological functions. All microscopic theory of the aging of living beings should be consistent with the second law of the thermodynamics. In other words, the operation of the biological self-organized structures only implies a delay in which the dissipative biological systems outside of equilibrium approach inexorably to the thermodynamic equilibrium obeying the second law of the thermodynamics.
KEYWORDS
Aging, Functional Damage, Entropy Production Rate, Dissipative Structures, Dissipative Cycles
Aging, Functional Damage, Entropy Production Rate, Dissipative Structures, Dissipative Cycles
Cite this paper
Montemayor-Aldrete, J. , Ugalde-Vélez, P. , Castillo-Mussot, M. , Vázquez, G. and Montemayor-Varela, E. (2014) Second Law of Thermodynamics Formalism Applied to Finite Duration through Cycles of Living Dissipative Systems. Advances in Aging Research, 3, 368-379. doi: 10.4236/aar.2014.35047.
Montemayor-Aldrete, J. , Ugalde-Vélez, P. , Castillo-Mussot, M. , Vázquez, G. and Montemayor-Varela, E. (2014) Second Law of Thermodynamics Formalism Applied to Finite Duration through Cycles of Living Dissipative Systems. Advances in Aging Research, 3, 368-379. doi: 10.4236/aar.2014.35047.
References
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[1] Schrödinger, E. (1992) What Is Life? With Mind and Matter and Autobiographical Sketches. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139644129 [2] Prigogine, I. (1945) Etude thermodynamique des phénomènes irréversibles. Thèse d’agrégation présentée en 1945 à l’Université Libre de Bruxelles. Desoer, Liège, 1947. Académie Royale de Belgique. Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, 31, 600. [3] Prigogine, I. (1969) Structure, Dissipation and Life. Theoretical Physics and Biology, Versailles, 1967. North-Holland Publ. Company, Amsterdam. [4] Glansdorff, P. and Prigogine I. (1971) Structure, Stabilitéet Fluctuations, Masson, Paris. Thermodynamic Theory of Structure Stability and Fluctuations. Wiley and Sons, London. [5] The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1977) Ilya Prigogine. Award Ceremony Speech. Presentation Speech by Professor Stig Claesson of the Royal Academy of Sciences. (Translation from the Swedish Text) [6] Feinberg, A.A. and Widom, A. (2000) On Thermodynamic Reliability Engineering. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 49, 136-146. [7] Kirkwood, T.B. and Austad, S.N. (2000) Why Do We Age? Nature, 408, 233-238.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35041682 [8] Partridge, L. and Gems, D. (2002) Ageing: A Lethal Side-Effect. Nature, 418, 921-921.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/418921a [9] Prigogine, I. (1967) Thermodynamics of Irreversible Process. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield. [10] Glaser, R. (1999) Biophysics. Springer-Verlag, New York. [11] Glansdorf, P. and Prigogine, I. (1971) Thermodynamical Theory of Structures, Stability and Fluctuations. Wiley Interscience, New York. [12] Guytton, A.C. (1976) Textbook of Medical Physiology. 5th Edition, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia-London-Toronto, 952. [13] Cutler, R.G. (1978) Evolutionary Biology of Senescence. In: Behnke, J.A., Finch, C.E. and Moment, G.B., Eds., The Biology of Aging, Plenum Press, New York, 311-360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3994-6_20 [14] Sommerfeld, A. (1972) “Mechanics” Lectures on Theoretical Physics, Volume I. Paperback Edition, 6th Printing, Academic Press, Inc., Waltham, 181. [15] Durnin, J.V.G.A. (1981) Basal Metabolic Rate in Man. University of Glasgow Glasgow Scotland. Joint FAO/WHO/ UNU Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements Rome, 5-17 October.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/004/m2845e/m2845e00.htm [16] Sparreboom, A. and Verweij, J. (2003) Paclitaxel Pharmacokinetics, Threshold Models, and Dosing Strategies. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 2803-2804.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.99.038 [17] (2006) Health and Food. Fieldwork November, December 2005. Special Eurobarometer. European Commission.
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_246_en.pdf [18] WHO (2013) WHO Life Expectancy.
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en