Studies on Strength and Related Properties of Concrete Incorporating Aggregates from Demolished Wastes: Part 1—A Global Perspective
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. 2 Norvels (Pty) Ltd T/A Engineers International, G. West Industrial, Gaborone, Botswana.
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana. 2 Norvels (Pty) Ltd T/A Engineers International, G. West Industrial, Gaborone, Botswana.
ABSTRACT
The present study addresses the global concern of sustainability in building and construction engineering and how to an extent the use of demolished aggregate wastes in concrete production contributes towards ameliorating or minimizing the problem. The influence of demolished aggregate waste on the mechanical strength and stiffness of concrete are examined from the standpoint of the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths as well as the modulus of elasticity of the concrete. In this respect the research carried out by previous investigators are noted. It is observed that in the Southern African region in general and Botswana in particular there is a paucity of studies on the subject, and consequently, it is concluded that further investigations need to be conducted utilizing aggregates derived from local wastes or sources.
The present study addresses the global concern of sustainability in building and construction engineering and how to an extent the use of demolished aggregate wastes in concrete production contributes towards ameliorating or minimizing the problem. The influence of demolished aggregate waste on the mechanical strength and stiffness of concrete are examined from the standpoint of the compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths as well as the modulus of elasticity of the concrete. In this respect the research carried out by previous investigators are noted. It is observed that in the Southern African region in general and Botswana in particular there is a paucity of studies on the subject, and consequently, it is concluded that further investigations need to be conducted utilizing aggregates derived from local wastes or sources.
Cite this paper
Franklin, S. and Gumede, M. (2014) Studies on Strength and Related Properties of Concrete Incorporating Aggregates from Demolished Wastes: Part 1—A Global Perspective. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 4, 311-317. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2014.44026.
Franklin, S. and Gumede, M. (2014) Studies on Strength and Related Properties of Concrete Incorporating Aggregates from Demolished Wastes: Part 1—A Global Perspective. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 4, 311-317. doi: 10.4236/ojce.2014.44026.
References
[1] Milne, M.J., Kearins, K. and Walton, S. (2006) Creating Adventures in Wonderland: The Journey Metaphor and Environmental Sustainability. Organization, 13, 801-839.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508406068506 [2] United Nations General Assembly (1987) Report of the Working Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to Document A/42/427—Development and International Co-Operation: Environment, Our Common Future, Chapter 2.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability [3] UNEP (2011) De-Coupling Natural Resource Use and Environmental Impacts from Economic Growth. Report of the Working Group on De-Coupling to the International Resource Panel, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi. [4] American Society of Civil Engineers (2013) Policy Statement 418—The Role of the Civil Engineer in Sustainable Development. Adopted by the Board of Direction on October 8, 2013.
http://www.asce.org/Public-Policies-and-Priorities/Public-Policy-Statements/Policy-Statement-418---The-Role-of-the-Civil-Engineer-in-Sustainable-Development/ [5] The Royal Academy of Engineering (2005) Engineering for Sustainable Development: Guiding Principles. The Royal Academy of Engineering, London. [6] Chandra, S. (2004) Implications of Using Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste as Aggregate in Concrete. Session Lead Paper. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management and Recycling, Kingston University, London, 14-15 September 2004. In: Limbachiya, M.C. and Roberts, J.J., Eds., Sustainable Waste Management and Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities. Volume 2—Construction Demolition Waste, Thomas Telford Publishing, London, 105-114. [7] Chandra, S. (2005) Conference Report. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27, 738-741.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.01.001 [8] Khalaf, F.M. and DeVenny, A.S. (2004) Recycling of Demolished Masonry Rubble as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete: Review. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 16, 331-340.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:4(331) [9] Ismam, J.N. and Ismail, Z. (2014) Sustainable Construction Waste Management Strategic Implementation Model. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 10, 48-59. [10] Portland Cement Association (2011) Recycled Aggregates. Materials Concrete Technology.
http://cement.org/tech/index.asp [11] Rao, A., Jha, K.N. and Misra, S. (2007) Use of Aggregates from Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste Concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 50, 71-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.05.010 [12] Rakshvir, M. and Barai, S.V. (2006) Studies on Recycled Aggregate-Based Concrete. Waste Management & Research, 24, 225-233.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X06064820 [13] Wagih, A.M., El-Karmoty, H.Z., Ebid, M. and Okba, S.H. (2012) Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste as Aggregate for Structural Concrete. HBRC Journal, 9, 193-200.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.08.007 [14] De Brito, J. and Saikia, N. (2013) Recycled Aggregate in Concrete: Use of Industrial, Construction and Demolition Waste. Green Energy and Technology, Springer-Verlag, London.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4540-0 [15] Richardson, A., Allain, P. and Veuille, M. (2010) Concrete with Crushed, Graded and Washed Recycled Construction Demolition Waste as a Coarse Aggregate Replacement. Structural Survey, 28, 142-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630801011044244 [16] Guan, J.L.L. (2011) Effects of Recycled Aggregates on Concrete Properties. Master of Engineering Thesis, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [17] Ahmad, S.H., Fisher, D.G. and Sackett, K.W. (1996) Properties of Concrete Made with North Carolina Recycled Coarse and Fine Aggregates. Centre for Transportation Engineering Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. [18] Hansen, T.C. (1992) Recycling of Demolished Concrete and Masonry. Report of Technical Committee 37-DRC Demolition and Reuse of Concrete, RILEM, E & FN Spon, London. [19] Singh, S.K. and Sharma, P.C. (2007) Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete—A Paradigm Shift. Journal of New Building Materials and Construction World, 13, 173-183.
http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/concrete/576- [20] Kumutha, R. and Vijai, K. (2010) Strength of Concrete Incorporating Aggregates Recycled from Demolition Waste. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5, 64-71. [21] Katz, A. (2003) Properties of Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregate from Partially Hydrated Old Concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 703-711.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01033-5 [22] Rao, A. (2005) Experimental Investigation on Use of Recycled Aggregates in Mortar and Concrete. Thesis Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur. [23] Ajdukiewicz, A. and Kliszczewicz, A. (2002) Influence of Recycled Aggregates on Mechanical Properties of HS/HPC. Cement and Concrete Composites, 24, 269-279.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00012-9 [24] Tempest, B., Cavalline, T., Gergely, J. and Weggel, D. (2010) Construction and Demolition Waste Used as Recycled Aggregates in Concrete: Solutions for Increasing the Marketability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Concrete Suitability Conference, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tempe, 13-15 April 2010, 1-15. [25] Macozoma, D.S. (2006) Developing a Self-Sustaining Secondary Construction Materials Market in South Africa. Master of Science Dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. [26] Kgosiesele, E. and Zhaohui, L. (2010) An Evaluation of Waste Management in Botswana: Achievements and Challenges. Journal of American Sciences, 6, 144-150. [27] Bolaane, B. (2006) Constraints to Promoting People Centred Approaches in Recycling. Habitat International, 30, 731-740.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.10.002
[1] Milne, M.J., Kearins, K. and Walton, S. (2006) Creating Adventures in Wonderland: The Journey Metaphor and Environmental Sustainability. Organization, 13, 801-839.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508406068506 [2] United Nations General Assembly (1987) Report of the Working Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. Transmitted to the General Assembly as an Annex to Document A/42/427—Development and International Co-Operation: Environment, Our Common Future, Chapter 2.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainability [3] UNEP (2011) De-Coupling Natural Resource Use and Environmental Impacts from Economic Growth. Report of the Working Group on De-Coupling to the International Resource Panel, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi. [4] American Society of Civil Engineers (2013) Policy Statement 418—The Role of the Civil Engineer in Sustainable Development. Adopted by the Board of Direction on October 8, 2013.
http://www.asce.org/Public-Policies-and-Priorities/Public-Policy-Statements/Policy-Statement-418---The-Role-of-the-Civil-Engineer-in-Sustainable-Development/ [5] The Royal Academy of Engineering (2005) Engineering for Sustainable Development: Guiding Principles. The Royal Academy of Engineering, London. [6] Chandra, S. (2004) Implications of Using Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste as Aggregate in Concrete. Session Lead Paper. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management and Recycling, Kingston University, London, 14-15 September 2004. In: Limbachiya, M.C. and Roberts, J.J., Eds., Sustainable Waste Management and Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities. Volume 2—Construction Demolition Waste, Thomas Telford Publishing, London, 105-114. [7] Chandra, S. (2005) Conference Report. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27, 738-741.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2005.01.001 [8] Khalaf, F.M. and DeVenny, A.S. (2004) Recycling of Demolished Masonry Rubble as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete: Review. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 16, 331-340.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:4(331) [9] Ismam, J.N. and Ismail, Z. (2014) Sustainable Construction Waste Management Strategic Implementation Model. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 10, 48-59. [10] Portland Cement Association (2011) Recycled Aggregates. Materials Concrete Technology.
http://cement.org/tech/index.asp [11] Rao, A., Jha, K.N. and Misra, S. (2007) Use of Aggregates from Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste Concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 50, 71-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.05.010 [12] Rakshvir, M. and Barai, S.V. (2006) Studies on Recycled Aggregate-Based Concrete. Waste Management & Research, 24, 225-233.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242X06064820 [13] Wagih, A.M., El-Karmoty, H.Z., Ebid, M. and Okba, S.H. (2012) Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste as Aggregate for Structural Concrete. HBRC Journal, 9, 193-200.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.08.007 [14] De Brito, J. and Saikia, N. (2013) Recycled Aggregate in Concrete: Use of Industrial, Construction and Demolition Waste. Green Energy and Technology, Springer-Verlag, London.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4540-0 [15] Richardson, A., Allain, P. and Veuille, M. (2010) Concrete with Crushed, Graded and Washed Recycled Construction Demolition Waste as a Coarse Aggregate Replacement. Structural Survey, 28, 142-148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630801011044244 [16] Guan, J.L.L. (2011) Effects of Recycled Aggregates on Concrete Properties. Master of Engineering Thesis, National University of Singapore, Singapore. [17] Ahmad, S.H., Fisher, D.G. and Sackett, K.W. (1996) Properties of Concrete Made with North Carolina Recycled Coarse and Fine Aggregates. Centre for Transportation Engineering Studies, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. [18] Hansen, T.C. (1992) Recycling of Demolished Concrete and Masonry. Report of Technical Committee 37-DRC Demolition and Reuse of Concrete, RILEM, E & FN Spon, London. [19] Singh, S.K. and Sharma, P.C. (2007) Use of Recycled Aggregates in Concrete—A Paradigm Shift. Journal of New Building Materials and Construction World, 13, 173-183.
http://www.nbmcw.com/articles/concrete/576- [20] Kumutha, R. and Vijai, K. (2010) Strength of Concrete Incorporating Aggregates Recycled from Demolition Waste. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5, 64-71. [21] Katz, A. (2003) Properties of Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregate from Partially Hydrated Old Concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 703-711.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01033-5 [22] Rao, A. (2005) Experimental Investigation on Use of Recycled Aggregates in Mortar and Concrete. Thesis Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur. [23] Ajdukiewicz, A. and Kliszczewicz, A. (2002) Influence of Recycled Aggregates on Mechanical Properties of HS/HPC. Cement and Concrete Composites, 24, 269-279.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00012-9 [24] Tempest, B., Cavalline, T., Gergely, J. and Weggel, D. (2010) Construction and Demolition Waste Used as Recycled Aggregates in Concrete: Solutions for Increasing the Marketability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete. Concrete Suitability Conference, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tempe, 13-15 April 2010, 1-15. [25] Macozoma, D.S. (2006) Developing a Self-Sustaining Secondary Construction Materials Market in South Africa. Master of Science Dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. [26] Kgosiesele, E. and Zhaohui, L. (2010) An Evaluation of Waste Management in Botswana: Achievements and Challenges. Journal of American Sciences, 6, 144-150. [27] Bolaane, B. (2006) Constraints to Promoting People Centred Approaches in Recycling. Habitat International, 30, 731-740.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.10.002