Design and Performance Evaluation of a Sustained Load Dual Grip Creep Testing Machine
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 2 Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Namibia, Ongwediva Engineering Campus, Ongwediva, Namibia.
1 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. 2 Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Namibia, Ongwediva Engineering Campus, Ongwediva, Namibia.
ABSTRACT
The design and performance evaluation of a sustained load creep testing machine was undertaken in this research. The design was motivated by the need to make locally available, a cost effective, technically efficient, and easily operated creep testing facility; for creep behaviour studies of materials. Design drawings and purchase of materials and components for the design were undertaken after thorough evaluation of the following design and materials selection criteria: design principle and theory, local availability of raw materials and components required for the design, material properties, cost of materials and design, ease of utilization and maintenance, and basis of testing and data capture. The machine casing and frame, heating chamber (consisting of the furnace and a dual specimen mounting stage), load lever and hanger system, and the electro-technical components; were fabricated and coupled following the produced design specifications. The machine was tested and its performance was assessed using its heating efficiency, repeatability and reproducibity of experimental test results, maintainability and cost-effectiveness as criteria. It was observed from repeat tests that the machine has the capacity of generating reliable data for computing creep strain-time results. The efficiency and temperature regulating capacity of the heating unit of the machine were also observed to be very satisfactory. The cost of the design was about 112,000 Naira ($700.00) which is cheaper in comparison to similar commercial creep testing machines from abroad. The machine was also found not to pose maintenance or repairs challenges.
The design and performance evaluation of a sustained load creep testing machine was undertaken in this research. The design was motivated by the need to make locally available, a cost effective, technically efficient, and easily operated creep testing facility; for creep behaviour studies of materials. Design drawings and purchase of materials and components for the design were undertaken after thorough evaluation of the following design and materials selection criteria: design principle and theory, local availability of raw materials and components required for the design, material properties, cost of materials and design, ease of utilization and maintenance, and basis of testing and data capture. The machine casing and frame, heating chamber (consisting of the furnace and a dual specimen mounting stage), load lever and hanger system, and the electro-technical components; were fabricated and coupled following the produced design specifications. The machine was tested and its performance was assessed using its heating efficiency, repeatability and reproducibity of experimental test results, maintainability and cost-effectiveness as criteria. It was observed from repeat tests that the machine has the capacity of generating reliable data for computing creep strain-time results. The efficiency and temperature regulating capacity of the heating unit of the machine were also observed to be very satisfactory. The cost of the design was about 112,000 Naira ($700.00) which is cheaper in comparison to similar commercial creep testing machines from abroad. The machine was also found not to pose maintenance or repairs challenges.
Cite this paper
Alaneme, K. , Bamike, B. and Omlenyi, G. (2014) Design and Performance Evaluation of a Sustained Load Dual Grip Creep Testing Machine. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2, 531-538. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2014.26054.
Alaneme, K. , Bamike, B. and Omlenyi, G. (2014) Design and Performance Evaluation of a Sustained Load Dual Grip Creep Testing Machine. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2, 531-538. doi: 10.4236/jmmce.2014.26054.
References
[1] [1] Rosler, J., Harders, H. and Baker, M. (2007) Mechanical Behaviour of Engineering Materials—Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, and Composites. Springer, Germany, 333-375. [2] Soboyejo, W. (2002) Mechanical Property of Materials. Princeton University, Princeton, 468-480. [3] Naumenko, K. and Altenbach, H. (2007) Modeling of Creep for Structural Analysis. Springer, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70839-1 [4] Dieter, G.E. (1986) Mechanical Metallurgy. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. [5] Ravi, S., Laha, K., Sakthy, S., Mathew, M.D. and Jayakumar, T. (2014) Design of Creep Machine and Creep Specimen Chamber for Carrying out Creep Tests in Flowing Liquid Sodium. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 267, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.10.020 [6] Evans, R.W. and Wilshire, B. (1993) Introduction to Creep. The Institute of Materials, London, 1-75. [7] Kawai, M. (2001) Off-Axis Creep Behavior of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composites at High Temperature. Solid Mechanics and its Applications, 86, 469-478. [8] ASTM D2990-09 (2009) Standard test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep Rupture of Plastics. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken. [9] ASTM E139-11 (2011) Standard Method for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken. [10] Alaneme, K.K. (2011) Design of a Cantilever-Type Rotating Bending Fatigue Testing Machine. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 10, 1027-1039. [11] Alaneme, K.K. (2011) Development of a Cantilever Beam-Sustained Load Stress Corrosion Testing Rig. Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, 6, 22-26. [12] Srivasta, S. (2014) Properties of Nichrome Wire.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/properties-of-nichrome-wire.html [13] Alaneme, K.K., Olanrewaju, S.O. and Bodunrin, M.O. (2011) Development and Performance Evaluation of a Salt Bath Furnace. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 6, 67-74. [14] Momoh, J.J., Shuaib-Babata, L.Y. and Adelegan, G.O. (2010) Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Low Cost Electro-Mechanically Operated Creep Testing Machine. Leonardo Journal of Science, 16, 83-94. [15] Sakai, T. and Somiya, S. (2011) Analysis of Creep Behavior in Thermoplastics Based on Visco-Elastic Theory. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, 15, 293-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11043-011-9136-y [16] Alaneme, K.K. and Olanrewaju, S.O. (2010) Design of a Diesel Fired Heat-Treatment Furnace. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 9, 581-591.
[1] [1] Rosler, J., Harders, H. and Baker, M. (2007) Mechanical Behaviour of Engineering Materials—Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, and Composites. Springer, Germany, 333-375. [2] Soboyejo, W. (2002) Mechanical Property of Materials. Princeton University, Princeton, 468-480. [3] Naumenko, K. and Altenbach, H. (2007) Modeling of Creep for Structural Analysis. Springer, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70839-1 [4] Dieter, G.E. (1986) Mechanical Metallurgy. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. [5] Ravi, S., Laha, K., Sakthy, S., Mathew, M.D. and Jayakumar, T. (2014) Design of Creep Machine and Creep Specimen Chamber for Carrying out Creep Tests in Flowing Liquid Sodium. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 267, 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.10.020 [6] Evans, R.W. and Wilshire, B. (1993) Introduction to Creep. The Institute of Materials, London, 1-75. [7] Kawai, M. (2001) Off-Axis Creep Behavior of Unidirectional Polymer Matrix Composites at High Temperature. Solid Mechanics and its Applications, 86, 469-478. [8] ASTM D2990-09 (2009) Standard test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep Rupture of Plastics. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken. [9] ASTM E139-11 (2011) Standard Method for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken. [10] Alaneme, K.K. (2011) Design of a Cantilever-Type Rotating Bending Fatigue Testing Machine. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 10, 1027-1039. [11] Alaneme, K.K. (2011) Development of a Cantilever Beam-Sustained Load Stress Corrosion Testing Rig. Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, 6, 22-26. [12] Srivasta, S. (2014) Properties of Nichrome Wire.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/properties-of-nichrome-wire.html [13] Alaneme, K.K., Olanrewaju, S.O. and Bodunrin, M.O. (2011) Development and Performance Evaluation of a Salt Bath Furnace. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 6, 67-74. [14] Momoh, J.J., Shuaib-Babata, L.Y. and Adelegan, G.O. (2010) Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Low Cost Electro-Mechanically Operated Creep Testing Machine. Leonardo Journal of Science, 16, 83-94. [15] Sakai, T. and Somiya, S. (2011) Analysis of Creep Behavior in Thermoplastics Based on Visco-Elastic Theory. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, 15, 293-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11043-011-9136-y [16] Alaneme, K.K. and Olanrewaju, S.O. (2010) Design of a Diesel Fired Heat-Treatment Furnace. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 9, 581-591.