Current Status and Correlates of Modern Family Planning Utilization in Hard to Reach Ethnic Minorities: The Case of Gumuz, Northwest Ethiopia
Affiliation(s)
1 GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. 2 Joint MPH Program, GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
1 GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. 2 Joint MPH Program, GAMBY College of Medical Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
ABSTRACT
Cognizant of multifaceted challenge of unwanted pregnancy, Ethiopia strives to increase utiliza-tion of modern family planning across the nation. Therefore, update on the current status of family planning utilization especially in hard to reach ethnic minorities is critical. The objective of this study was to assess level, and correlates of modern contraceptive utilization in a hard to reach ethnic minorities. A community based study was conducted in Dangur District, Beneshangul Gumuz Regional State July, 2013. A total of 530 married women were included in the study. Structured questionnaire was data collection tool. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 for windows. Possible association and their strength were measured using odds ratio at 95% CI. Family planning utilization was 18.7% while nearly 27% of study participants had ever used family planning methods. The following variables were predictors of family planning utilization: number of alive children [AOR: 3.31, 95% CI (1.41 - 7.20)], good knowledge [AOR: 2.18, 95% CI (1.35 - 3.52)] and positive attitude [AOR: 1.58, 95% CI (1.03 - 2.50)]. The most outstanding finding of this study was that more than 80% of study participants still believe that many children means high income, and nearly 60% of them believe that family planning utilization decreases confidence among couples. This study witnessed how successful Ethiopia is in addressing reproductive health service inequalities in hard to reach communities. However, misconceptions surrounding family planning, and culture associated desire to have large family size should be addressed in a culture sensitive manner so that this success would further bear fruits.
Cognizant of multifaceted challenge of unwanted pregnancy, Ethiopia strives to increase utiliza-tion of modern family planning across the nation. Therefore, update on the current status of family planning utilization especially in hard to reach ethnic minorities is critical. The objective of this study was to assess level, and correlates of modern contraceptive utilization in a hard to reach ethnic minorities. A community based study was conducted in Dangur District, Beneshangul Gumuz Regional State July, 2013. A total of 530 married women were included in the study. Structured questionnaire was data collection tool. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 for windows. Possible association and their strength were measured using odds ratio at 95% CI. Family planning utilization was 18.7% while nearly 27% of study participants had ever used family planning methods. The following variables were predictors of family planning utilization: number of alive children [AOR: 3.31, 95% CI (1.41 - 7.20)], good knowledge [AOR: 2.18, 95% CI (1.35 - 3.52)] and positive attitude [AOR: 1.58, 95% CI (1.03 - 2.50)]. The most outstanding finding of this study was that more than 80% of study participants still believe that many children means high income, and nearly 60% of them believe that family planning utilization decreases confidence among couples. This study witnessed how successful Ethiopia is in addressing reproductive health service inequalities in hard to reach communities. However, misconceptions surrounding family planning, and culture associated desire to have large family size should be addressed in a culture sensitive manner so that this success would further bear fruits.
Cite this paper
Gedefaw, M. , Muluneh, D. and Aychiluhem, M. (2014) Current Status and Correlates of Modern Family Planning Utilization in Hard to Reach Ethnic Minorities: The Case of Gumuz, Northwest Ethiopia. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 4, 188-198. doi: 10.4236/ojepi.2014.44025.
Gedefaw, M. , Muluneh, D. and Aychiluhem, M. (2014) Current Status and Correlates of Modern Family Planning Utilization in Hard to Reach Ethnic Minorities: The Case of Gumuz, Northwest Ethiopia. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 4, 188-198. doi: 10.4236/ojepi.2014.44025.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000149536 [33] Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (2002) HIV/AIDS Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BSS) Round one, Ethiopia.
[1] United Nations Economic and Social Affairs (2013) World Population Prospects. The 2012 Revision. Highlights and Advance Tables. New York. [2] Cleland, J., Bernstein, S., Ezeh, A., Faundes, A., Glasier, A. and Innis, J. (2006) Family Planning: The Unfinished Agenda. The Lancet Sexual and Reproductive Health Series. [3] Commission of the European Communities (2008) Demographic Challenges for European Region. Brussels. [4] USAID (2010) The Cost of Family Planning in Ethiopia. USA. [5] Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2011. [6] Ministry of Health of Ethiopia. Family planning in Ethiopia 2012. [7] Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (2011) National Guidelines for Family Planning in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [8] Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (2010) Health Sector Development Programme IV 2010/11-2014/15. [9] Habtu, A. (2003) Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia: Background, Present Conditions and Future Prospects. Paper Submitted to the Second EAF International Symposium on Contemporary Development Issues in Ethiopia. The Ghion Hotel Addis Ababa Ethiopia. [10] Balcha, B.G. (2007) Restructuring State and Society: Ethnic Federalism in Ethiopia. SPIRIT—Doctoral Programme Aalborg University Denmark SPIRIT Ph.D. Series. Thesis No. 8. [11] Constitution of Ethiopia (1994) The Nation, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia. Addis Abeba. [12] Growth and Transformation Plan (2012) 2010/11-2014/15. Addis Abeba. [13] USAID/Africa Bureau, USAID/Population and Reproductive Health, Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health, Malawi Ministry of Health, Rwanda Ministry of Health (2012) Three Successful Sub-Saharan Africa Family Planning Programs: Lessons for Meeting the MDGs. [14] Ayele, W., Tesfaye, H., Gebreyes, R. and Gebreselassie, T. (2013) Trends and Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning and Programme Options, Ethiopia. Further Analysis of the EDHS, 2000, 2005 and 2011. [15] Portner, C., Beegle, K. and Christiaensen, L. (2013) Does Family Planning Reduce Fertility? Evidence from Rural Ethiopia. [16] Ieda, A. (2012) Perceptions and Behaviour Related to Family Planning in a Rural Area in the Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Thesis, Department of Community Medicine Institute of Health and Society, the Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo. [17] Dibaba, Y. (2008) Factors Influencing Women’s Intention to Limit Child Bearing in Oromia, Ethiopia. The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 22, 28-33. [18] Benshangul-Gumuz Regional State Website. http://www.benishangulgumuz.gov.et/ [19] Ethiopian National Population and Housing Census Report. Addis Ababa, 2007. [20] Annual Report of Dangur District. Metekel Zone, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State , Ethiopia, 2013 [21] Ayele, W., Tesfaye, H., Gebreyes, R. and Gebreselassie, T. (2013) Trends and Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning and Programme Options, Ethiopia Further Analysis of the 2000, 2005, and 2011. Demographic and Health Surveys. [22] Bayray, A. (2012) Assessment of Male Involvement in Family Planning among Men in the Southern Eastern Zone of Tigiray. Ethiopia Scholarly Journal of Medicine, 2, 1-10. [23] Girma, E. (2011) Married Women’s Decision Making Power on Modern Contraceptive Use in Urban and Rural Southern Ethiopia. [24] Lwelamira, J., Mnyamagola, G. and Msaki, M.M. (2012) Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards Modern Contraceptives among Married Women of Reproductive Age in Mpwapwa District, Central Tanzania. Current Research Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 235-245. [25] Creanga, A.A. (2011) Low Use of Contraception among Poor Women in Africa: An Equity Issue. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89, 258-266. [26] Cultural, B.K. (2007) Practices that Affected the Status of Women in Benishangul Gumuz Mandura Woreda. Addis Abeba. [27] Pinault, D. (2007) Cultural Barriers to Family Planning. Ruwanda. [28] Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2006-2007. [29] Eltomy, E.M., Saboula, N.E. and Hussein, A.A. (2013) Barriers Affecting Utilization of Family Planning Services among Rural Egyptian Women. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 19, 400-408. [30] Najafi, F., Rahman, H.A. and Juni, M.H. (2011) Barriers to Modern Contraceptive Practices among Selected Married Women in a Public University in Malaysia. Global Journal of Health Science, 3. [31] Lakew, Y., Reda, A.A., Tamene, H., Benedict, S. and Deribe, K. (2013) Geographical Variation and Factors Influencing Modern Contraceptive Use among Married Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from a National Population Based Survey. Reproductive Health, 10, 52. [32] Kirk, D. (1996) Demographic Transition Theory. Population Studies, 50, 361-387.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000149536 [33] Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (2002) HIV/AIDS Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BSS) Round one, Ethiopia.