Methodology for Evaluating and Monitoring of Waterworks Performance Efficiency—Part 2: Test of Filterability
ABSTRACT
The effectiveness of deep-bed filtration with respect to suspension formed during the preceding processes is evaluated by the test of filterability. The properties and concentration of the suspension being filtered are affected by the efficiency of the preceding aggregation and separation processes. The basic principles of the test of filterability are based on the mechanistic model of filtration. The equations in the mathematical model of the mechanistic conception of filtration are derived from the theory of filtration. The arrangement of the pilot filtration plant for the determination of filterability of flocculent suspension is presented in this paper. The test of filterability is carried out with a thin-layer filter element. The design of a filter element arrangement and its installation are also disclosed in this paper. The inter-dependence of the coefficient of filtration efficiency on the specific volume of intercepted suspensions, filter media grain sizes and different filtration velocities are graphically presented. In addition, the effect of the filter bed clogging resulting from the properties of different suspensions on the head loss generated, the length of filtration cycle and quality of filtrate produced are also shown in this paper.
The effectiveness of deep-bed filtration with respect to suspension formed during the preceding processes is evaluated by the test of filterability. The properties and concentration of the suspension being filtered are affected by the efficiency of the preceding aggregation and separation processes. The basic principles of the test of filterability are based on the mechanistic model of filtration. The equations in the mathematical model of the mechanistic conception of filtration are derived from the theory of filtration. The arrangement of the pilot filtration plant for the determination of filterability of flocculent suspension is presented in this paper. The test of filterability is carried out with a thin-layer filter element. The design of a filter element arrangement and its installation are also disclosed in this paper. The inter-dependence of the coefficient of filtration efficiency on the specific volume of intercepted suspensions, filter media grain sizes and different filtration velocities are graphically presented. In addition, the effect of the filter bed clogging resulting from the properties of different suspensions on the head loss generated, the length of filtration cycle and quality of filtrate produced are also shown in this paper.
KEYWORDS
Deep-Bed Filtration, Mechanistic Model of Filtration, Test of Filterability, Filtration Element, Length of Filtration Cycle
Deep-Bed Filtration, Mechanistic Model of Filtration, Test of Filterability, Filtration Element, Length of Filtration Cycle
Cite this paper
Hereit, F. and Polasek, P. (2014) Methodology for Evaluating and Monitoring of Waterworks Performance Efficiency—Part 2: Test of Filterability. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 4, 470-482. doi: 10.4236/aces.2014.44049.
Hereit, F. and Polasek, P. (2014) Methodology for Evaluating and Monitoring of Waterworks Performance Efficiency—Part 2: Test of Filterability. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 4, 470-482. doi: 10.4236/aces.2014.44049.
References
[1] Hereit, F. (1973) Mathematical Model for Calculations of Filtration Cycles of Waterworks Filters (in Czech). J. Vodni hospodarstvi B, 8, pp.193-196. [2] Hereit, F. and Mutl, S. (1975) Influencing and Determining Filterability (in Czech). Research Report, Hydroprojekt Praha. [3] Hereit, F. (1969) Filters with Reverse Flow (in Czech). Ph.D. Thesis, CVUT Praha. [4] Hereit, F. (1973) Mathematical Model for Computation of Filtration run. Proceedings, 3rd Int. Conf. Water ‘73, Prague. [5] Hereit, F. (1973) Filtration of Water (in Czech). MVLH, CSR, Methodical Information No. 6, Praha. [6] Cleasby, J.L. (1969) Approaches to a Filterability Index. JAWWA, 61, 8, pp. 372-381. [7] Ives, K.J. (1978) A New Concept of Filtration. Prog. Wat. Tech., 1978, 10, 5/6, pp. 123-137. [8] Ives, K.J. (1990) Progress in Deep-Bed Filtration. Water Supply, Vol. 8, Jopkoping, pp. 151-155. [9] Ives, K.J. and Sholji, I. (1965) Research on Variables Affecting Filtration. J. San. Engng, Div., ASCE, 91, 8: SA4:1, [10] Mintz, D.M. (1966) Modern Theory of Filtration. Conf. Proc. International Water Supply Association, Barcelona. [11] Iwasaki, T. (1937) Some Notes on Sand Filtration. JAWWA, 29, pp.1591-1602. [12] Deb, A.K. (1965) Theory of Water Filtration—Discussion. J. San. Eng. Div.-SA 1 Feb., [13] Kozeny, J. (1927) Ueber kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden. Sitzungsber Akad. Wiss., Wien, 136(2a), pp 271-306. [14] Mintz, D.M. (1961) Contact Filters for Water Purification (in Russian). Gos. Izd. Arch. Stroj. Mat., Moscow, [15] Hereit, F., Mutl, S., Vagner, V., Balek, M., Kucera, J. and Prokopova, L. (1978) Evaluation of Formation and Separation of Suspension in the Plzen and Znojmo Waterworks (in Czech). MLVH CSR, Methodic Information No. 12, Praha. [16] Polasek, P. and Mutl, S. (2002) Cationic Polymers in Water Treatment, Part 2: Filterability of CPE-Formed Suspension. Water SA, 28, 1, p. 83-88.
[1] Hereit, F. (1973) Mathematical Model for Calculations of Filtration Cycles of Waterworks Filters (in Czech). J. Vodni hospodarstvi B, 8, pp.193-196. [2] Hereit, F. and Mutl, S. (1975) Influencing and Determining Filterability (in Czech). Research Report, Hydroprojekt Praha. [3] Hereit, F. (1969) Filters with Reverse Flow (in Czech). Ph.D. Thesis, CVUT Praha. [4] Hereit, F. (1973) Mathematical Model for Computation of Filtration run. Proceedings, 3rd Int. Conf. Water ‘73, Prague. [5] Hereit, F. (1973) Filtration of Water (in Czech). MVLH, CSR, Methodical Information No. 6, Praha. [6] Cleasby, J.L. (1969) Approaches to a Filterability Index. JAWWA, 61, 8, pp. 372-381. [7] Ives, K.J. (1978) A New Concept of Filtration. Prog. Wat. Tech., 1978, 10, 5/6, pp. 123-137. [8] Ives, K.J. (1990) Progress in Deep-Bed Filtration. Water Supply, Vol. 8, Jopkoping, pp. 151-155. [9] Ives, K.J. and Sholji, I. (1965) Research on Variables Affecting Filtration. J. San. Engng, Div., ASCE, 91, 8: SA4:1, [10] Mintz, D.M. (1966) Modern Theory of Filtration. Conf. Proc. International Water Supply Association, Barcelona. [11] Iwasaki, T. (1937) Some Notes on Sand Filtration. JAWWA, 29, pp.1591-1602. [12] Deb, A.K. (1965) Theory of Water Filtration—Discussion. J. San. Eng. Div.-SA 1 Feb., [13] Kozeny, J. (1927) Ueber kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden. Sitzungsber Akad. Wiss., Wien, 136(2a), pp 271-306. [14] Mintz, D.M. (1961) Contact Filters for Water Purification (in Russian). Gos. Izd. Arch. Stroj. Mat., Moscow, [15] Hereit, F., Mutl, S., Vagner, V., Balek, M., Kucera, J. and Prokopova, L. (1978) Evaluation of Formation and Separation of Suspension in the Plzen and Znojmo Waterworks (in Czech). MLVH CSR, Methodic Information No. 12, Praha. [16] Polasek, P. and Mutl, S. (2002) Cationic Polymers in Water Treatment, Part 2: Filterability of CPE-Formed Suspension. Water SA, 28, 1, p. 83-88.