A Micro Study to Determine Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Permeability and the Discharge Rate of Groundwater in Ondo State Riverbeds, Southwestern Nigeria
Affiliation(s)
Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
Department of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Laboratory study of three riverbed soil samples denoted as A, B and C have been carried out by determining the soils Porosity, Hydraulic conductivity, Permeability and also investigating if there are points of convergence between the discharge rate and angle of tilt for the above mentioned samples. The experimental results for Porosity were approximately within 34% - 37%, Hydraulic conductivity was within 3.02 × 10-5 - 9.70 × 10-5 (m/s) and Permeability was within 2.74 × 10-12 - 8.80 × 10-12 (m2). Pressure generally increases as distance of flow increases for θ = 5° - 25° but there was decrease in pressure as distance of flow increases for all three samples when θ = 0°. The points of convergence for the discharge rate ranged from 0.001 × 10-10 - 4.54 × 10-10 (m3/s), while the angle of tilt convergence points ranged from 0.1° to 3.6°. There was increase in discharge rate as angle of tilt increases for all three samples.
Laboratory study of three riverbed soil samples denoted as A, B and C have been carried out by determining the soils Porosity, Hydraulic conductivity, Permeability and also investigating if there are points of convergence between the discharge rate and angle of tilt for the above mentioned samples. The experimental results for Porosity were approximately within 34% - 37%, Hydraulic conductivity was within 3.02 × 10-5 - 9.70 × 10-5 (m/s) and Permeability was within 2.74 × 10-12 - 8.80 × 10-12 (m2). Pressure generally increases as distance of flow increases for θ = 5° - 25° but there was decrease in pressure as distance of flow increases for all three samples when θ = 0°. The points of convergence for the discharge rate ranged from 0.001 × 10-10 - 4.54 × 10-10 (m3/s), while the angle of tilt convergence points ranged from 0.1° to 3.6°. There was increase in discharge rate as angle of tilt increases for all three samples.
Cite this paper
Omojola, A. , Akinpelu, S. , Adesegun, A. and Akinyemi, O. (2014) A Micro Study to Determine Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Permeability and the Discharge Rate of Groundwater in Ondo State Riverbeds, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 1254-1262. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.511104.
Omojola, A. , Akinpelu, S. , Adesegun, A. and Akinyemi, O. (2014) A Micro Study to Determine Porosity, Hydraulic Conductivity, Permeability and the Discharge Rate of Groundwater in Ondo State Riverbeds, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 1254-1262. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.511104.
References
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[1] Mirus, B.B., Perkins, K.S., Nimmo, J.R. and Singha, K. (2009) Hydrologic Characterization of Desert Soils with Varying Degrees of Pedogenesis 2, Inverse Modeling for Effective Properties. Vadose Zone Journal, 8, 496-509.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0051 [2] Zhu, J. and Sun, D. (2009) Effective Soil Hydraulic Parameters for Transient Flows in Heterogeneous Soils. Vadose Zone Journal, 8, 301-309.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2008.0004 [3] American Geological Institute (1972) Glossary of Geology. [4] Morin, R.H. (2006) Negative Correlation between Porosity and Hydraulic Conductivity Insand-and-Aquifers at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. Journal of Hydrology, 136, 52. [5] Frick, T.C. and Taylor, R.W. (1978) Petroleum Production Handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Co, Boston, 23. [6] Ghildyal, B.P. and Tripathi, R.P. (1987) Soil Physics. Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 286. [7] Blake, G.R. and Hartge, K.H. (1986) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. In: Klute, A., Ed., Soil Science Society of America, 2nd Edition, Madison, 363-375. [8] Stephens, D.B., Hsu, K.C., Prieksat, M.A., Ankeny, M.D., Blandford, M., Roth, T.L., Kelsey, J.A. and Whitworth, J.R. (1998) A Comparison of Estimated and Calculated Effective Porosity. Journal of Hydrology, 6, 156-165. [9] Fetter, C.W. (1993) Contaminant Hydrogeology. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. [10] Domenico, P.A. and Schwartz, F.W. (1990) Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 824. [11] Freeze, R.A. and Cherry, J.A. (1979) Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 604. [12] Todd, D.K. (1980) Groundwater Hydrology. 2nd Edition, John Wiley, New York, 535. [13] Driscoll, F.G. (1986) Groundwater and Wells. 2nd Edition, Johnson Division, St Paul, 1089. [14] Gupta, S., Mohanty, B.P. and Kohne, J.M. (2006) Soil Hydraulic Conductivities and Their Spatial and Temporal Variations in a Vertisol. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70, 1872-1881. [15] West, T.R. (1995) Geology Applied to Engineering. 1st Edition, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, 560. [16] Akinyemi, O.D., Akinpelu, S.J. and Adesegun, A.M. (2012) Permeability of Abeokuta Riverbed Sediments. Special Topics. Reviews in Porous Media: An International Journal, 3, 289-296.