Adaptation fermentation of Pichia stipitis and combination detoxification on steam exploded lignocellulosic prehydrolyzate
Affiliation(s)
Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;. College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.. Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;. College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.. Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
ABSTRACT
Yeast Pichia stipitis CBS 5776 was developed through adaptation fermentation step by step in steam exploded corn stover prehydrolyzate because high concentration of weak acids and other inhibitors present in the prehydrolyzate could degrade the fermentability. However, the adaptability of Pichia stipitis CBS 5776 in the prehydrolyzate was so limited that steam strip-ping and overliming were applied to remove these inhibitors from it. Corn stover was steam exploded; the filtrate of steam exploded corn stover was hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid, and then the acid hydrolyzate was detoxified and fermented by Pichia stipitis CBS 5776. Steam stripping could remove volatile com-pounds from the acid hydrolyzate and the fil-trate. At a steam stripping time of 120min, 81% acetic acid and 59% formic acid were removed from the acid hydrolyzate, 77% acetic acid and 45% formic acid were removed from the filtrate, while furfural was stripped off completely from the acid hydrolyzate and the filtrate. Overliming could reduce the contents of furfural and phe-nolics present in the acid hydrolyzate, however, sugars, especially pentoses, were also removed partially. It was necessary to detoxify the acid hydrolyzate in order to ferment the sugars to ethanol. Acid hydrolyzate detoxified with a combination of steam stripping for 120 min and overliming at pH11 and 60℃ for 90 min, its fer-mentability was significantly improved. Xylose was consumed nearly completely in 24h with an ethanol yield of 15.92g/l, 80.34% of theoretical.
Yeast Pichia stipitis CBS 5776 was developed through adaptation fermentation step by step in steam exploded corn stover prehydrolyzate because high concentration of weak acids and other inhibitors present in the prehydrolyzate could degrade the fermentability. However, the adaptability of Pichia stipitis CBS 5776 in the prehydrolyzate was so limited that steam strip-ping and overliming were applied to remove these inhibitors from it. Corn stover was steam exploded; the filtrate of steam exploded corn stover was hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid, and then the acid hydrolyzate was detoxified and fermented by Pichia stipitis CBS 5776. Steam stripping could remove volatile com-pounds from the acid hydrolyzate and the fil-trate. At a steam stripping time of 120min, 81% acetic acid and 59% formic acid were removed from the acid hydrolyzate, 77% acetic acid and 45% formic acid were removed from the filtrate, while furfural was stripped off completely from the acid hydrolyzate and the filtrate. Overliming could reduce the contents of furfural and phe-nolics present in the acid hydrolyzate, however, sugars, especially pentoses, were also removed partially. It was necessary to detoxify the acid hydrolyzate in order to ferment the sugars to ethanol. Acid hydrolyzate detoxified with a combination of steam stripping for 120 min and overliming at pH11 and 60℃ for 90 min, its fer-mentability was significantly improved. Xylose was consumed nearly completely in 24h with an ethanol yield of 15.92g/l, 80.34% of theoretical.
Cite this paper
Zhu, J. , Yong, Q. , Xu, Y. , Chen, S. and Yu, S. (2009) Adaptation fermentation of Pichia stipitis and combination detoxification on steam exploded lignocellulosic prehydrolyzate. Natural Science, 1, 47-54. doi: 10.4236/ns.2009.11009.
Zhu, J. , Yong, Q. , Xu, Y. , Chen, S. and Yu, S. (2009) Adaptation fermentation of Pichia stipitis and combination detoxification on steam exploded lignocellulosic prehydrolyzate. Natural Science, 1, 47-54. doi: 10.4236/ns.2009.11009.
References
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[1] Saha, B. C., Iten, L. B., Cotta, M. A. and Wu, Y. V. (2005) Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of wheat straw to ethanol. Proc. Biochem. 40, 3693-3700. [2] Lloyd, T. A. and Wyman, C. E. (2005) Combined sugar yields for dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioresour. Technol., 96, 1967-1977. [3] Carrillo, F., Lis, M. J., Colom, X., Valldeperas, M. and Valldeperas, J. (2005) Effect of alkali pretreatment on cellulose hydrolysis of wheat straw: Kinetic study. Proc. Biochem., 40, 3360-3364. [4] Kapoor, M., Nair, L. M. and Kuhad, R. C. (2008) Cost-effective xylanase production from free and immo-bilized Bacillus pumilus strain MK001 and its application in saccharification of Prosopis juliflora. Biochem. Eng. J., 38, 88-97. [5] Viola, E., Cardinale, M., Santarcangelo, R., Villone, A. and Zimbardi, F. (2008) Ethanol from eel grass via steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis. Biomass Bioenerg., 32, 613-618. [6] Teymouri, F., Laureano-Perez, L., Alizadeh, H. and Dale, B. E. (2005) Optimization of the ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover. Bioresour. Technol., 96, 2014- 2018. [7] Saha, B. C. and Cotta, M. A. (2008) Lime pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of rice hulls to ethanol. Biomass Bioenerg., 32, 971-977. [8] Klinke, H. B., Thomsen, A. B. and Ahring, B. K. (2001) Potential inhibitors from wet oxidation of wheat straw and their effect on growth and ethanol production by Thermoanaerobacter mathranii. Appl. Microbiol. Bio-technol., 57, 631-638. [9] Mosier, N., Hendrickson, R., Ho, N., Sedlak, M. and Ladisch, M. R. (2005) Optimization of pH controlled liq-uid hot water pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresour. Technol., 96, 1986-1993. [10] Xu, F., Sun, J. X., Liu, C. F. and Sun, R. C. (2006) Com-parative study of alkali-and acidic organic sol-vent-soluble hemicellulosic polysaccharides from sugar-cane bagasse. Carbohyd. Res., 341, 253-261. [11] Singh, P., Suman, A., Tiwari, P., Arya, N., Gaur, A. and Shrivastava, A. K. (2008) Biological pretreatment of sugarcane trask for its conversion to fermentable sugars. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 667-673. [12] McMillan, J. D. (1994) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Himmel, M. E., Baker, J. O., Overend, R. P. (Eds), Enzymatic conversion of biomass for fuels pro-duction. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 292-324. [13] Ohgren, K., Galbe, M. and Zacchi, G. (2005) Optimiza-tion of steam pretreatment of SO2-impregnated corn stover for fuel ethanol production. Appl. Biochem. Bio-technol., 124, 1055-1067. [14] Zhu, J., Yong, Q., Chen, S., Xu, Y., Zhang, X. and Yu, S. (2008) Identification of degraded products during corn stover steam-explosion pretreatment. Chemistry and In-dustry of Forest Products, 29(2), 22-26. [15] Roberto, I. C., Lacis, L. S., Barbosa, M. F. S. and de Mancilha, I. M. (1991) Utilization of sugar cane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate by Pichia stipitis for the pro-duction of ethanol. Proc. Biochem., 26, 15-21. [16] Nigam, J. N. (2001) Development of xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis for ethanol production through ad-aptation on hardwood hemicellulose acid prehydrolysate. J. Appl. Microbiol., 90, 208-215. [17] Yu, Z. and Zhang, H. (2003) Pretreatments of cellulose pyrolysate for ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia sp. YZ-1 and Zymomonas mobilis. Biomass Bioenerg., 24, 257-262. [18] Martinez, A., Rodriguez, M. E., York, S. W., Preston, J. F. and Ingram, L. O. (2000) Effects of Ca(OH)2 treatments (“overliming”) on the composition and toxicity of ba-gasse hemicellulose hydrolysates. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 69(5), 526-536. [19] Yu, S., Wayman, M. and Parekh, S. K. (1987) Fermenta-tion to ethanol of pentose-containing spent sulphite liq-uor. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 29, 1144-1150. [20] Chandel, A. K., Kapoor, R. K., Singh, A. and Kuhad, R. C. (2007) Detoxification of sugarcane bagasse hydrolys-ate improves ethanol production by Candida shehatae NCIM 3501. Bioresour. Technol., 98, 1947-1950. [21] Miyafuji, H., Danner, H., Neureiter, M., Thomasser, C., Bvochora, J., Szolar, O. and Braun, R. (2003) Detoxifi-cation of wood hydrolysates with wood charcoal for in-creasing the fermentability of hydrolysates. Enzyme Mi-crob. Technol., 32, 396-400. [22] J?nsson, L. J., Palmqvist, E., Nilvebrant, N. O. and Hahn-H?gerdal, B. (1998) Detoxification of wood hy-drolysates with laccase and peroxidase from white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 49, 691-697. [23] Olsson, L. and Hahn-H?gerdal, B. (1996) Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates for ethanol production. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 18, 312-331. [24] Larsson, S., Reimann, A., Nilvebrant, N. O. and J?nsson, L. J. (1999) Comparison of different methods for the de-toxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzates of spruce. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 77-79, 91-103. [25] Yu, S., Jeppsson, H. and Hahn-H?gerdal, B. (1995) Xy-lulose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and xylose-fermenting yeast strains. Appl. Microbiol. Bio-technol., 44, 314-320. [26] Saddler, J. N., Ramos, L. P. and Breuil, C. (1993) Steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic residues. In: Bioconversion of forest and agricultural plant residues (Saddler, J. N., Ed.). CAB International Wallingford. UK, 73-91. [27] Palmqvist, E. and Hahn-H?gerdal, B. (2000) Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. II: inhibitors and mecha-nisms of inhibition. Bioresour. Technol., 74, 25-33. [28] Purwadi, R., Niklasson, C. and Taherzadeh, M. J. (2004) Kinetic study of detoxification of dilute-acid hydro-lyzates by Ca(OH)2. J. Biotechnol., 114, 187-198.