A Study of Surface Modification of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Using Argon Ion Irradiation
Author(s)
Ananta Raj Adhikari1*,
Buddhi Prasanga Tilakaratne1,
Dharshana Wijesundera1,
Wei-Kan Chu1,2
Affiliation(s)
1 Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, USA. 2 Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, USA.
1 Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, USA. 2 Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, USA.
ABSTRACT
The effect of Argon ion irradiation to the surface properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) was studied. A beam of 170 keV Argon ions was implanted at different fluencies (1 × 1012, 1 × 1013, 1 × 1014, and 1 × 1015 ions/cm2). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the evolution of the bonding microstructure of PLGA due to irradiation. Surface morphology was monitored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM analysis shows that film roughness increased to maximum at the dose of 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 where the formations of hillocks were also detected. Hydrophilicity of PLGA is important for their applications in biomedicine such as bioscaffolds. Hydrophilicity was monitored using water contact angle measurements for both unmodified and ion-modified PLGA. It was observed that hydrophilicity of PLGA changes with the ion irradiation. This demonstrates that ion irradiation can be an alternative approach to control hydrophilicity of PLGA. PLGA scaffolds modified with ion irradiation could therefore be more suitable for the biomedical applications.
The effect of Argon ion irradiation to the surface properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) was studied. A beam of 170 keV Argon ions was implanted at different fluencies (1 × 1012, 1 × 1013, 1 × 1014, and 1 × 1015 ions/cm2). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the evolution of the bonding microstructure of PLGA due to irradiation. Surface morphology was monitored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM analysis shows that film roughness increased to maximum at the dose of 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 where the formations of hillocks were also detected. Hydrophilicity of PLGA is important for their applications in biomedicine such as bioscaffolds. Hydrophilicity was monitored using water contact angle measurements for both unmodified and ion-modified PLGA. It was observed that hydrophilicity of PLGA changes with the ion irradiation. This demonstrates that ion irradiation can be an alternative approach to control hydrophilicity of PLGA. PLGA scaffolds modified with ion irradiation could therefore be more suitable for the biomedical applications.
Cite this paper
Adhikari, A. , Tilakaratne, B. , Wijesundera, D. and Chu, W. (2014) A Study of Surface Modification of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Using Argon Ion Irradiation. Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, 4, 326-331. doi: 10.4236/jsemat.2014.46036.
Adhikari, A. , Tilakaratne, B. , Wijesundera, D. and Chu, W. (2014) A Study of Surface Modification of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Using Argon Ion Irradiation. Journal of Surface Engineered Materials and Advanced Technology, 4, 326-331. doi: 10.4236/jsemat.2014.46036.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.013
[1] Lee, C.T. and Lee, Y.D. (2006) Preparation of Porous Biodegradable Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/Hyaluronic Acid Blend Scaffolds: Characterization, in Vitro Cells Culture and Degradation Behaviors. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 17, 1411-1420.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0617-5 [2] Jayasuriya, A.C. and Ebraheim, N.A. (2009) Evaluation of Bone Matrix and Demineralized Bone Matrix Incorporated PLGA Matrices for Bone Repair. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 20, 1637-1644.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3738-9 [3] Beiser, I.H. and Kanat, I.O. (1990) Biodegradable Internal Fixation. A Literature Review. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 80, 72-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-80-2-72 [4] Griffith, L.G. (2000) Polymeric Biomaterials. Acta Materialia, 48, 263-277.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00299-2 [5] Wu, L. and Ding, J. (2004) In Vitro Degradation of Three-Dimensional Porous Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials, 25, 5821-5830.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.01.038 [6] Wu, X.S. (1995) Encyclopedic Hand Book of Biomaterials, Bioengineering. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1015-1054. [7] Yang J., Shi, G., Bei, J., Wang, S., Cao, Y., Shang, Q., Yang, G. and Wang, W. (2002) Fabrication and Surface Modification of Macroporous Poly(L-lactic Acid) and Poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic Acid) (70/30) Cell Scaffolds for Human Skin Fibroblast Cell Culture. Journal of Biomedical Materials, 62, 438-446.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.10318 [8] Adhikari, A.R., Rusakova, I., Haleh, A., Luisi, J., Panova, N.I., Laezza, F. and Chu, W.K. (2014) Thermal Property and Assessment of Biocompatibility of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid/Graphene Nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Physics, 115, 054701-054706.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4864263 [9] Sanchez, A., Alvarez, A., Pagan, R., Roncero, C., Vilarb, S., Benito, M. and Fabregat, I.J. (2000) Fibronectin Regulates Morphology, Cell Organization and Gene Expression of Rat Fetal Hepatocytes in Primary Culture. Hepatology, 32, 242-250.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80069-0 [10] Islam, A., Yasin, T. and Rehman, I.U. (2014) Synthesis of Hybrid Polymer Networks of Irradiated Chitosan/Poly(vinyl Alcohol) for Biomedical Applications. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 96, 115-119.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.09.009 [11] Ginn, B.T. and Steinbock, O. (2003) Polymer Surface Modification Using Microwave-Oven-Generated Plasma. Langmuir, 19, 8117-8118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la034138h [12] Loo, J.S.C., Ooi, C.P. and Boey, F.Y.C. (2005) Degradation of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) by Electron Beam Radiation. Biomaterials, 26, 1359-1367.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.05.001 [13] Yoshihisa, K., Yoshimura, A., Shibamori, Y., Fuchigami, K. and Kubota, N. (2012) Polymer Surface Modification by Using Microwave Plasma Irradiation. Journal of Solid Mechanics and Material Engineering, 6, 654-659.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmmp.6.654 [14] Khalfaoui, N., Rotaru, C.C., Bouffard, S., Toulemonde, M., Stoquert, J.P., Haas, F., Trautmann, C., Jensen, J. and Dunlop, A. (2005) Characterization of Swift Heavy Ion Tracks in CaF2 by Scanning Force and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 240, 819-828.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.220 [15] He, D. and Bassim, M.N. (1998) Atomic Force Microscope Study of Crater Formation in Ion Bombarded Polymer. Journal of Material Science, 33, 3525-3528.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004634724569 [16] Shakesheff, K.M., Evora, C., Soriano, I. and Langer, R. (1997) The Adsorption of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) to Biodegradable Microparticles Studied by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 185, 538-547.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.4637 [17] Arima, Y. and Iwata, H. (2007) Effect of Wettability and Surface Functional Groups on Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion Using Well-Defined Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers. Biomaterials, 28, 3074-3082.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.013