Palynostratigraphy and Paleoclimate of the Sequences Penetrated by Meren 31 Side Tract-2 Well, Offshore Niger Delta
ABSTRACT
Palynological study of an offshore well in the Niger delta was carried out to document the palynomorphs assemblage and subsequently date and establish paleoclimatic conditions in a portion of the Niger delta. One hundred and thirty seven cutting samples provided by Chevron Nigeria Plc were composited at 27 m interval for the study. The samples yielded forty six palynomorphs, which include Racemonocolpites hians, Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Botryococcusbraunii, dinocyst Lycopodiumsporites spp., Pachydermitesdiederixi and Psilatricolporitescrassus. A Middle-Late Miocene age belonging to P800 and P700 zones of Germeraad was established for the interval studied. There were clear crests and troughs in the microfloral abundance indicative of alternations of dry and wet climatic conditions during the deposition of the Agbada Formation.
Palynological study of an offshore well in the Niger delta was carried out to document the palynomorphs assemblage and subsequently date and establish paleoclimatic conditions in a portion of the Niger delta. One hundred and thirty seven cutting samples provided by Chevron Nigeria Plc were composited at 27 m interval for the study. The samples yielded forty six palynomorphs, which include Racemonocolpites hians, Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Botryococcusbraunii, dinocyst Lycopodiumsporites spp., Pachydermitesdiederixi and Psilatricolporitescrassus. A Middle-Late Miocene age belonging to P800 and P700 zones of Germeraad was established for the interval studied. There were clear crests and troughs in the microfloral abundance indicative of alternations of dry and wet climatic conditions during the deposition of the Agbada Formation.
Cite this paper
Ola, P. and Adewale, B. (2014) Palynostratigraphy and Paleoclimate of the Sequences Penetrated by Meren 31 Side Tract-2 Well, Offshore Niger Delta. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 1206-1218. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.510100.
Ola, P. and Adewale, B. (2014) Palynostratigraphy and Paleoclimate of the Sequences Penetrated by Meren 31 Side Tract-2 Well, Offshore Niger Delta. International Journal of Geosciences, 5, 1206-1218. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2014.510100.
References
[1] Larue, D.K. and Legarre, H. (2004) Flow Units, Connectivity, and Reservoir Characterization in a Wave-Dominated Deltaic Reservoir: Meren Reservoir, Nigeria. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 88, 303-324. [2] Esan, A.E. (2002) High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic and Reservoir Characterization Studies of D-07, D-08 and E-01 Sands, Block 2 Meren Field, Offshore Niger Delta. NAPE. Texas A&M University, College Station. [3] Knap, W.A. (1971) A Montane Pollen Species from the Upper Tertiary of the Niger Delta. Journal of Mining and Geology, 6, 23-29. [4] Evamy, B.D., Haremboure, J., Kamerling, P., Knaap, F.A., Molloy, F.A. and Rowland, P.H. (1978) Hydrocarbon Habitat of Tertiary Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 62, 1-39. [5] Legoux, O. (1978) Quelques Especes De pollen Caracteristiques De Neogene Du Nigeria. Bull. Cent. Rech. Explor. Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 2, 265-317. [6] Sowunmi, M.A. (1981) Aspects of the Late Quaternary Environmental Changes in West Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 8, 457-474.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2844565 [7] Oboh, F.E. (1992) Middle Miocene Palaeoenvironments of the Niger Delta. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 92, 55-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90135-R [8] Frankl, E.J. and Cordry, E.A. (1967) The Niger Delta Oil Province: Recent Developments On-Shore and Off-Shore. 7th World Petroleum Congress, Mexico City, 2-9 April, 195-209. [9] Short, K.C. and Stauble, A.J. (1967) Outline of the Geology of Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 51, 761-779. [10] Weber, K.J. and Daukoru, E. (1975) Petroleum Geology of the Niger Delta. Jour. Min. Geol., 12, 9-12. [11] Avbovbo, A.A. (1978) Tertiary Lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 62, 295-300. [12] Knox, G.J. and Omatsola, E.M. (1989) Development of the Cenozoic Niger Delta in Terms of the “Escalator Regression” Model and Impact on Hydrocarbon Distribution. In: van der Linden, W.J.M., et al., eds., Proceedings of KNGMG Symposium on Coastal Lowlands, Geology, Geotechnology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 181-202. [13] Tuttle, L.W.M., Charpentier, R.R. and Brownfield, E.M. (1999) The Niger Delta Petroleum System: Niger Delta Province, Nigeria Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, Africa. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-50-H, Denver, 70. [14] Potonie, R. and Gelletich, J. (1933) Uber Pteridophyten-sporen einer eozaner Braunkohle aus Dorog in Ungarn. S.B. Berlinische Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, 33, 517-526. [15] Ibrahim, B. (1993) Sporenformen des Aegirhorizonts des Rubrvrviers. Konrad Triltsch, Wurzburg, 46, 8. [16] Potonie, R. (1956) Synopsis der Gattungen der sporae dispesae I. Geol. Jahrb. Beih, 23, 1-103. [17] Germeraad, J.H., Hopping, C.A. and Muller, J. (1968) Palynology of Tertiary Sediments from Tropical Areas. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 6, 189-348. [18] Iversen, J. and Troels-Smith, J. (1950) Pollenmorfogiske definitioner og typer. Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse, 4, No. 8. [19] Nagy, E. (1969) Occurrence of the Genus Ephedrites in the Neogene of Hungary. Ghana Palynologica, 4, 277-280.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173136309436749 [20] Van der hammen, T. and Garcia de mutis, G. (1965) The Paleocene Pollen Flora of Colombia. Leidse Geologische Mededlingen, 35, 105-116. [21] Van der hammen, T. and Wijstra, T.A. (1964) A Palynological Study of the Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous of British Guiana. Leidse Geologische Medeleingen, 30, 209-231. [22] Van der hammen (1956) El desarrollo de la flora Micropaleontol. Columbiaus en los perindos geologieos, 29, 61-83. [23] Dupont, L.M. and Agwu, C.O.C. (1991) Environmental Control of Pollen Grain Distribution Patterns in the Gulf of Guinea and Offshore NW-Africa. Geologische Rundschau, 80, 567-589. [24] Tossou, M.G. (2002) Recherche palynologique sur lavegetation holocène du sud-Benin (Afrique del’Ouest). Ph.D. Thesis, Proefschrift Universite de Lome, 136. [25] Sowunmi, M.A. (1981) Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 8, 457-474.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2844565 [26] Ige, O.E., Datta, K., Sahai, K. and Rawat, K.K. (2011) Palynological Studies of Sediments from North Chioma-3 Well, Niger Delta and Its Palaeoenvironmental Interpretations. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 1249-1257.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2011.1249.1257 [27] Vermoerea, M., Degryseb, P., Vanheckec, L., Muchezb, Ph., Paulissend, E., Smetsa, E. and Waelkense, M. (1999) Pollen Analysis of Two Travertine Sections in Baskoy (Southwestern Turkey): Implications for Environmental Conditions during the Early Holocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 105, 93-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(98)00068-2
[1] Larue, D.K. and Legarre, H. (2004) Flow Units, Connectivity, and Reservoir Characterization in a Wave-Dominated Deltaic Reservoir: Meren Reservoir, Nigeria. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 88, 303-324. [2] Esan, A.E. (2002) High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic and Reservoir Characterization Studies of D-07, D-08 and E-01 Sands, Block 2 Meren Field, Offshore Niger Delta. NAPE. Texas A&M University, College Station. [3] Knap, W.A. (1971) A Montane Pollen Species from the Upper Tertiary of the Niger Delta. Journal of Mining and Geology, 6, 23-29. [4] Evamy, B.D., Haremboure, J., Kamerling, P., Knaap, F.A., Molloy, F.A. and Rowland, P.H. (1978) Hydrocarbon Habitat of Tertiary Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 62, 1-39. [5] Legoux, O. (1978) Quelques Especes De pollen Caracteristiques De Neogene Du Nigeria. Bull. Cent. Rech. Explor. Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, 2, 265-317. [6] Sowunmi, M.A. (1981) Aspects of the Late Quaternary Environmental Changes in West Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 8, 457-474.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2844565 [7] Oboh, F.E. (1992) Middle Miocene Palaeoenvironments of the Niger Delta. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 92, 55-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90135-R [8] Frankl, E.J. and Cordry, E.A. (1967) The Niger Delta Oil Province: Recent Developments On-Shore and Off-Shore. 7th World Petroleum Congress, Mexico City, 2-9 April, 195-209. [9] Short, K.C. and Stauble, A.J. (1967) Outline of the Geology of Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 51, 761-779. [10] Weber, K.J. and Daukoru, E. (1975) Petroleum Geology of the Niger Delta. Jour. Min. Geol., 12, 9-12. [11] Avbovbo, A.A. (1978) Tertiary Lithostratigraphy of Niger Delta. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 62, 295-300. [12] Knox, G.J. and Omatsola, E.M. (1989) Development of the Cenozoic Niger Delta in Terms of the “Escalator Regression” Model and Impact on Hydrocarbon Distribution. In: van der Linden, W.J.M., et al., eds., Proceedings of KNGMG Symposium on Coastal Lowlands, Geology, Geotechnology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 181-202. [13] Tuttle, L.W.M., Charpentier, R.R. and Brownfield, E.M. (1999) The Niger Delta Petroleum System: Niger Delta Province, Nigeria Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, Africa. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-50-H, Denver, 70. [14] Potonie, R. and Gelletich, J. (1933) Uber Pteridophyten-sporen einer eozaner Braunkohle aus Dorog in Ungarn. S.B. Berlinische Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, 33, 517-526. [15] Ibrahim, B. (1993) Sporenformen des Aegirhorizonts des Rubrvrviers. Konrad Triltsch, Wurzburg, 46, 8. [16] Potonie, R. (1956) Synopsis der Gattungen der sporae dispesae I. Geol. Jahrb. Beih, 23, 1-103. [17] Germeraad, J.H., Hopping, C.A. and Muller, J. (1968) Palynology of Tertiary Sediments from Tropical Areas. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 6, 189-348. [18] Iversen, J. and Troels-Smith, J. (1950) Pollenmorfogiske definitioner og typer. Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse, 4, No. 8. [19] Nagy, E. (1969) Occurrence of the Genus Ephedrites in the Neogene of Hungary. Ghana Palynologica, 4, 277-280.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173136309436749 [20] Van der hammen, T. and Garcia de mutis, G. (1965) The Paleocene Pollen Flora of Colombia. Leidse Geologische Mededlingen, 35, 105-116. [21] Van der hammen, T. and Wijstra, T.A. (1964) A Palynological Study of the Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous of British Guiana. Leidse Geologische Medeleingen, 30, 209-231. [22] Van der hammen (1956) El desarrollo de la flora Micropaleontol. Columbiaus en los perindos geologieos, 29, 61-83. [23] Dupont, L.M. and Agwu, C.O.C. (1991) Environmental Control of Pollen Grain Distribution Patterns in the Gulf of Guinea and Offshore NW-Africa. Geologische Rundschau, 80, 567-589. [24] Tossou, M.G. (2002) Recherche palynologique sur lavegetation holocène du sud-Benin (Afrique del’Ouest). Ph.D. Thesis, Proefschrift Universite de Lome, 136. [25] Sowunmi, M.A. (1981) Aspects of Late Quaternary Vegetational Changes in West Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 8, 457-474.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2844565 [26] Ige, O.E., Datta, K., Sahai, K. and Rawat, K.K. (2011) Palynological Studies of Sediments from North Chioma-3 Well, Niger Delta and Its Palaeoenvironmental Interpretations. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 1249-1257.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2011.1249.1257 [27] Vermoerea, M., Degryseb, P., Vanheckec, L., Muchezb, Ph., Paulissend, E., Smetsa, E. and Waelkense, M. (1999) Pollen Analysis of Two Travertine Sections in Baskoy (Southwestern Turkey): Implications for Environmental Conditions during the Early Holocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 105, 93-110.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(98)00068-2