Gravitationally-Neutral Universe
ABSTRACT
In the present article, we give a variant of the theory of gravity, which distinguishes between particles and antiparticles. In this theory that called two-signed gravity, in contrast to Einstein’s gravity, contributions from particles and antiparticles in the tensor, which are the source of the gravitational field are taken with different signs. In two-sign gravity, antiattraction exists between particles and antiparticles. In the framework of two-signed gravitation, it is naturally assume that Universe is not only electroneutral, but also gravitationally neutral too. In present paper, we suggest model of homogeneous, isotropic, uniformly expanding Universe. It is shown, what within framework of that model, which does not contain any free parameters, well explained observed dynamics of the Universe.
In the present article, we give a variant of the theory of gravity, which distinguishes between particles and antiparticles. In this theory that called two-signed gravity, in contrast to Einstein’s gravity, contributions from particles and antiparticles in the tensor, which are the source of the gravitational field are taken with different signs. In two-sign gravity, antiattraction exists between particles and antiparticles. In the framework of two-signed gravitation, it is naturally assume that Universe is not only electroneutral, but also gravitationally neutral too. In present paper, we suggest model of homogeneous, isotropic, uniformly expanding Universe. It is shown, what within framework of that model, which does not contain any free parameters, well explained observed dynamics of the Universe.
KEYWORDS
Vacuum, Particles, Antiparticles, Einstein’s Gravitation, Two-Signed Gravitation, Antiattraction
Vacuum, Particles, Antiparticles, Einstein’s Gravitation, Two-Signed Gravitation, Antiattraction
Cite this paper
Klimenko, A. and Klimenko, V. (2014) Gravitationally-Neutral Universe. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1524-1536. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.515153.
Klimenko, A. and Klimenko, V. (2014) Gravitationally-Neutral Universe. Journal of Modern Physics, 5, 1524-1536. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2014.515153.
References
[1] Landau L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1971) The Classical Theory of Fields. Pergamon Press, Oxford. [2] Zel’dovich, Y.B. and Novikov, I.D. (1975) The Structure and Evolution of the Universe [in Russian]. Nauka, Moscow: [3] Weinberg, S. (1972) Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. [4] Misner, C.W., Thorne, K.S. and Whiller, J.A. (1973) Gravitation. Vol. 1, 2, 3. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. [5] Einstein, A. and Minkowski, H. (1920) The Principle of Relativity. University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 89-163. [6] Gorbunov, D.S. and Rubakov, V.A. (2008) Introduction to the Theory of the Early Universe. Hot Big Bang Theory [in Russian]. LKI, Moscow. [7] Klimenko, A.V. and Klimenko, V.A. (2013) Particles, Antiparticles and Gravity. Gravity-Neutral Universe [in Russian]. Herald of the Chel. State. Un., 17. [8] Klimenko, A.V. and Klimenko, V.A. (2013) Geometric Properties of the Homogeneous Isotropic Vacuum [in Russian]. Herald of the Chel. State. Un., 17. [9] Chernin, A.D. (2008) Physics-Uspekhi, 178, 267-300. [10] Einstein, A. (1965) Cosmology Question and General Theory of Relativity [in Russian]. In: Collection of Sci. Works, Vol. 1. Nauka, Moscow, [11] Gliner, E.B. (2002) Physics-Uspekhi, 172, 221-228. [12] Okun, L.B. (1988) Elementary Particle Physics [in Russian]. Nauka, Moscow. [13] The ALPHA Collaboration and Charman, A.E. (2013) Description and First Application of a New Technique to Measure the Gravitational Mass of Antihydrogen. Nature Communications 4, art. num. 1785. [14] Klimenko, A.V. and Klimenko, V.A. Worlds and Antiworlds [Appendix for the Present Article: “Gravitationally-Neutral Universe”]. [15] Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Goldhaber, G., Knop, R.A., Nugent, P., Castro, P.G., et al. (1999) The Astrophysical Journal, 517, 565-586. [16] Riess, A.G., Filippenko, A.V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Diercks, A., Garnavich, P.M., et al. (1998) The Astrophysical Journal, 116, 1009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/300499 [17] Astier, P., Guy, J., Regnault, N., Pain, R., Aubourg, E., Balam, D., et al. (2006) Astronomy and Astrophysics, 447, 31-48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054185 [18] Riess, A.G., Strolger, L.G., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H.C., Mobasher, B., Gold, B., et al. (2007) The Astrophysical Journal, 659, 98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/510378
[1] Landau L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1971) The Classical Theory of Fields. Pergamon Press, Oxford. [2] Zel’dovich, Y.B. and Novikov, I.D. (1975) The Structure and Evolution of the Universe [in Russian]. Nauka, Moscow: [3] Weinberg, S. (1972) Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. [4] Misner, C.W., Thorne, K.S. and Whiller, J.A. (1973) Gravitation. Vol. 1, 2, 3. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. [5] Einstein, A. and Minkowski, H. (1920) The Principle of Relativity. University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 89-163. [6] Gorbunov, D.S. and Rubakov, V.A. (2008) Introduction to the Theory of the Early Universe. Hot Big Bang Theory [in Russian]. LKI, Moscow. [7] Klimenko, A.V. and Klimenko, V.A. (2013) Particles, Antiparticles and Gravity. Gravity-Neutral Universe [in Russian]. Herald of the Chel. State. Un., 17. [8] Klimenko, A.V. and Klimenko, V.A. (2013) Geometric Properties of the Homogeneous Isotropic Vacuum [in Russian]. Herald of the Chel. State. Un., 17. [9] Chernin, A.D. (2008) Physics-Uspekhi, 178, 267-300. [10] Einstein, A. (1965) Cosmology Question and General Theory of Relativity [in Russian]. In: Collection of Sci. Works, Vol. 1. Nauka, Moscow, [11] Gliner, E.B. (2002) Physics-Uspekhi, 172, 221-228. [12] Okun, L.B. (1988) Elementary Particle Physics [in Russian]. Nauka, Moscow. [13] The ALPHA Collaboration and Charman, A.E. (2013) Description and First Application of a New Technique to Measure the Gravitational Mass of Antihydrogen. Nature Communications 4, art. num. 1785. [14] Klimenko, A.V. and Klimenko, V.A. Worlds and Antiworlds [Appendix for the Present Article: “Gravitationally-Neutral Universe”]. [15] Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Goldhaber, G., Knop, R.A., Nugent, P., Castro, P.G., et al. (1999) The Astrophysical Journal, 517, 565-586. [16] Riess, A.G., Filippenko, A.V., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Diercks, A., Garnavich, P.M., et al. (1998) The Astrophysical Journal, 116, 1009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/300499 [17] Astier, P., Guy, J., Regnault, N., Pain, R., Aubourg, E., Balam, D., et al. (2006) Astronomy and Astrophysics, 447, 31-48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054185 [18] Riess, A.G., Strolger, L.G., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H.C., Mobasher, B., Gold, B., et al. (2007) The Astrophysical Journal, 659, 98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/510378