In-Vitro Cellular Responses of Human Dental Primary Cells to Dental Filling Restoratives
ABSTRACT
In vitro cytotoxicity of six contemporary commercial dental filling restoratives on human dental primary cells, pulp cells (HPCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), were tested using WST-1 assay. Continuous 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines were used for comparison. The results show that conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) Fuji II is not cytotoxic to all the cells. Resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) Fuji II LC is not cytotoxic to both HPCs and HGFs but cytotoxic to 3T3 cells. RMGIC Vitremer and resin composite Z100 are very cytotoxic to all the cells. Resin composite P60 is cytotoxic but much less cytotoxic than Z100. Polycarboxylate cement Durelon is the most cytotoxic among the six tested materials. It was found that continuous 3T3 cell lines were more vulnerable to leachable cytotoxic components than primary HPCs and HGFs. It was also found that the cytotoxcity of the tested materials was dose-dependent.
In vitro cytotoxicity of six contemporary commercial dental filling restoratives on human dental primary cells, pulp cells (HPCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), were tested using WST-1 assay. Continuous 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines were used for comparison. The results show that conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) Fuji II is not cytotoxic to all the cells. Resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) Fuji II LC is not cytotoxic to both HPCs and HGFs but cytotoxic to 3T3 cells. RMGIC Vitremer and resin composite Z100 are very cytotoxic to all the cells. Resin composite P60 is cytotoxic but much less cytotoxic than Z100. Polycarboxylate cement Durelon is the most cytotoxic among the six tested materials. It was found that continuous 3T3 cell lines were more vulnerable to leachable cytotoxic components than primary HPCs and HGFs. It was also found that the cytotoxcity of the tested materials was dose-dependent.
Cite this paper
nullJ. Sun, Y. Weng, F. Song and D. Xie, "In-Vitro Cellular Responses of Human Dental Primary Cells to Dental Filling Restoratives," Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 2 No. 3, 2011, pp. 267-280. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2011.23034.
nullJ. Sun, Y. Weng, F. Song and D. Xie, "In-Vitro Cellular Responses of Human Dental Primary Cells to Dental Filling Restoratives," Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, Vol. 2 No. 3, 2011, pp. 267-280. doi: 10.4236/jbnb.2011.23034.
References
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[1] Modena, K.C., Casas-Apayco, L.C., Atta, M.T., Costa, C.A., Hebling, J., Sipert, C.R., Navarro, M.F. and Santos, C.F. (2009) Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of direct and indirect pulp capping materials. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 17(6), 544-54. [2] Polyzois, G.L. (1994) In vitro evaluation of dental materials. Clinical Materials, 16(1), 21-60. [3] Nicholson, J.W. and Czarnecka, B. (2008) The biocompatibility of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements for dentistry. Dental Materials, 24(12), 1702-1708. [4] Spahl, W., Budzikiewicz, H. and Geurtsen, W. (1998) Determination of leachable components from four commercial dental composites by gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Dentistry, 26(2), 137-145. [5] Hensten-Pettersen, A. (1998) Skin and mucosal reactions associated with dental materials. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 106(2), 707-712. [6] Geurtsen, W., Spahl, W. and Leyhausen, G. (1998) Residual monomer/additive release and variability in cytotoxicity of light-curing glass-ionomer cements and compomers. Journal of Dental Research, 77(12), 2012-2019. [7] Hanks, C.T., Strawn, S.E., Wataha, J.C. and Craig, R.G. (1991) Cytotoxic effects of resin components on cultured mammalian fibroblasts. Journal of Dental Research, 70(11), 1450-1455. [8] Issa, Y., Watts, D.C., Brunton, P.A., Waters, C.M. and Duxbury, A.J. (2004) Resin composite monomers alter MTT and LDH activity of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Dental Materials, 20(1), 12-20. [9] Wataha, J.C., Rueggeberg, F.A., Lapp, C.A., Lewis, J.B., Lockwood, P.E., Ergle, J.W. and Mettenburg, D.J. (1999) In vitro cytotoxicity of resin containing restorative materials after aging in artificial saliva. Clinical Oral Investigations, 3(3), 144-149. [10] Pulgar, R., Olea-Serrano, M.F., Novillo-Fertrell, A., Rivas, A., Pazos, P., Pedraza, V., Navajas, J.M. and Olea, N. (2000) Determination of bisphenol A and related aromatic compounds released from bis—GMA-based composites and sealants by high performance liquid chromatography. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(1), 21-27. [11] Kaga, M., Noda, M., Ferracane, J.L., Nakamura, W., Oguchi, H. and Sano, H. (2001) The in vitro cytotoxicity of eluates from dentin bonding resins and their effect on tyrosine phosphorylation of L929 cells. Dental Materials, 17(4), 333-339. [12] Geurtsen, W. (2000) Biocompatibility of resin-modified filling materials. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine, 11(3), 333-355. [13] Craig, R.G. (1997) Restorative Dental Materials. 10th Edition, Mosby-Year Book, Inc., St Louis. [14] Moszner, N. and Salz, U. (2001) New developments of polymeric dental composites. Progress in Polymer Science, 26(4), 535-576. [15] Sulong, M.Z.A.M. and Aziz, R.A. (1990) Wear of materials used in dentistry: A review of the literature. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 63(3), 342-349. [16] Quinlan, C.A., Zisterer, D.M., Tipton, K.F. and O’Sullivan, M.I. (2002) In vitro cytotoxicity of a composite resin and compomer. International Endodontic Journal, 35(1), 47-55. [17] Mjor, I.A. (1990) Current views on biological testing of restorative materials. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 17(6), 503-507. [18] Thonemann, B., Schmalz, G., Hiller, K.A. and Schweikl, H. (2002) Responses of L929 mouse fibroblasts, primary and immortalized bovine dental papilla-derived cell lines to dental resin components. Dental Materials, 18(4), 318-323. [19] Xie, D., Yang, Y., Zhao, J., Park, J.G. and Zhang, J.T. (2007) A novel comonomer-free light-cured glass-ionomer system for reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced mechanical strength. Dental Matererials, 23(8), 994-1003. [20] Wataha, J.C., Rueggeberg, F.A., Lapp, C.A., Lewis, J.B., Lockwood, P.E., Ergle, J.W. and Mettenburg, D.J. (1999) In vitro cytotoxicity of resin-containing restorative materials after aging in artificial saliva. Clinical Oral Investigations, 3(3), 144-149. [21] Wisithphrom, K., Murray, P.E. and Windsor, L.J. (2006) Interleukin-1 alpha alters the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and collagen degradation by pulp fibroblasts. Journal of Endodontics, 32(3), 186-192. [22] Zhou, J. and Windsor, L.J. (2006) Porphyromonas gingivalis affects host collagen degradation by affecting expression, activation, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. Journal of Periodontal Research, 41(1), 47-54. [23] Tominaga, H., Ishiyama, M., Ohseto, F., Sasamoto, K., Hamamoto, T., Suzuki, K. and Watanabe, M. (1999) A water-soluble tetrazolium salt useful for colorimetric cell viability assay. Analytical Communications, 36, 47-50. [24] L?nnroth, E.C. and Dahl, J.E. (2003) Cytotoxicity of liquids and powders of chemically different dental materials evaluated using dimethylthiazol diphenyltetrazolium and neutral red tests. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 61(1), 52-56. [25] Aranha, A.M., Giro, E.M., Souza, P.P., Hebling, J. and de Souza Costa, C.A. (2006) Effect of curing regime on the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cements applied to an odontoblast-cell line. Dental Materials, 22(9), 864-869. [26] Stanislawski, L., Daniau, X., Lauti, A. and Goldberg, M. (1999) Factors responsible for pulp cell cytotoxicity induced by resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 48(3), 277-288. [27] Beriat, N.C., Ertan, A.A., Canay, S., Gurpinar, A. and Onur, M.A. (2010) Effect of different polymerization methods on the cytotoxicity of dental composites. European Journal of Dentistry, 4(3), 287-292. [28] Kleverlaan, C.J. and Feilzer, A.J. (2005) Polymerization shrinkage and contraction stress of dental resin composites. Dental Materials, 21(12), 1150-1157. [29] Momoi, Y., Hirosaki, K., Kohno, A. and McCabe, J.F. (1995) Flexural properties of resin-modified “hybrid” glass-ionomers in comparison with conventional acid- base glass-ionomers. Dental Materials Journal, 14(2), 109-119. [30] Schmid-Schwap, M., Franz, A., Konig, F., Bristela, M., Lucas, T., Piehslinger, E., Watts, D.C. and Schedle, A. (2009) Cytotoxicity of four categories of dental cements. Dental Materials, 25(3), 360-368. [31] Xie, D., Faddah, M. and Park, J.G. (2005) Novel amino acid modified zinc polycarboxylates for improved dental cements. Dental Materials, 21(8), 739-748. [32] Wilson, A.D. and McLean, J.W. (1988) Glass-ionomer cements. Quintessence Publ Co., Chicago. [33] Nicholson, J.W., Braybrook, J.H. and Wasson, E.A. (1991) The biocompatibility of glass-poly(alkenoate) (Glass-Ionomer) cements: a review. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2(4), 277-285. [34] Wasson, E.A. and Nicholson, J.W. (1993) Change in pH during setting of polyelectrolyte dental cements. Journal of Dentistry. 21(2), 122-126. [35] Borovansky, J. and Riley, P.A. (1989) Cytotoxicity of zinc in vitro. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 69(2-3), 279-291. [36] Stanislawski, L., Daniau, X., Lauti, A. and Goldberg, M. (1999) Factors responsible for pulp cell cytotoxicity induced by resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 48(3), 277-288.