Foliar Application of Calcium and Molybdenum in Common Bean Plants: Yield and Seed Physiological Potential
Author(s)
Denis Santiago Costa1*,
Rafael Marani Barbosa2,
Julio Storion Oliveira3,
Marco Eustaquio Sa4
Affiliation(s)
1 Crop Science Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil. 2 Crop Science Department, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP/FCAV), Jaboticabal, Brazil. 3 BiosystemsEngineerring Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil. 4 Plant Science, Food Technology and Social-Economy Department, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP/FE), Ilha Solteira, Brazil.
1 Crop Science Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil. 2 Crop Science Department, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP/FCAV), Jaboticabal, Brazil. 3 BiosystemsEngineerring Department, University of Sao Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil. 4 Plant Science, Food Technology and Social-Economy Department, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP/FE), Ilha Solteira, Brazil.
ABSTRACT
The foliar application of micro- and macronutrients is often practiced by farmers to improve yield and seed physiological potential. For calcium and molybdenum, positive results have been observed, even in soils with high nutrient content. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of foliar applications of calcium and molybdenum on yield and seed physiological potential in common bean plants. A randomized block design was implemented, with the treatments fixed in a factorial scheme: two molybdenum rates (with or without) and four calcium rates, with four replications. The calcium rates applied on the leaves were 0, 150, 300 and 600 g·ha-1 for the first year of the investigation (2005) and 0, 300, 600 and 900 g·ha-1 for the second year (2006). In both years, the molybdenum rates applied on the leaves were 0 g·ha-1 (without) and 75 g·ha-1 (with). The results showed that the foliar calcium application, with or without molybdenum, did not improve yield. Foliar application of calcium alone improved seed physiological potential in common bean plants when applied at the full bloom stage.
The foliar application of micro- and macronutrients is often practiced by farmers to improve yield and seed physiological potential. For calcium and molybdenum, positive results have been observed, even in soils with high nutrient content. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of foliar applications of calcium and molybdenum on yield and seed physiological potential in common bean plants. A randomized block design was implemented, with the treatments fixed in a factorial scheme: two molybdenum rates (with or without) and four calcium rates, with four replications. The calcium rates applied on the leaves were 0, 150, 300 and 600 g·ha-1 for the first year of the investigation (2005) and 0, 300, 600 and 900 g·ha-1 for the second year (2006). In both years, the molybdenum rates applied on the leaves were 0 g·ha-1 (without) and 75 g·ha-1 (with). The results showed that the foliar calcium application, with or without molybdenum, did not improve yield. Foliar application of calcium alone improved seed physiological potential in common bean plants when applied at the full bloom stage.
Cite this paper
Costa, D. , Barbosa, R. , Oliveira, J. and Sa, M. (2014) Foliar Application of Calcium and Molybdenum in Common Bean Plants: Yield and Seed Physiological Potential. Agricultural Sciences, 5, 1037-1045. doi: 10.4236/as.2014.511112.
Costa, D. , Barbosa, R. , Oliveira, J. and Sa, M. (2014) Foliar Application of Calcium and Molybdenum in Common Bean Plants: Yield and Seed Physiological Potential. Agricultural Sciences, 5, 1037-1045. doi: 10.4236/as.2014.511112.
References
[1] Oliveira, G.V., Carneiro, P.C.S., Carneiro, J.E.S. and Cruz, C.D. (2006) A daptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens de feijão comum em Minas Gerais [Adaptability and Stability of common bean in Minas Gerais State, Brazil]. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,41, 257-265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2006000200010 [2] Garcia, A., Souza, P.E., Pozza, E.A. and Santos, F.S. (2007) Influênciadas variáveis ambientais noprogresso da antracnose do feijoeiro e eficiência de tiofanato metílico + clorotalonil no controle da doença [Influence of the Environmental Variables in the Progress of Anthracnose of Bean and Efficiency of Thiophanate Methyl + Chlorothalonil in the Control of the Disease]. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 31, 1709-1715.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542007000600016 [3] Afonso, R.J., Arf, O., Costa, D.S., Barbosa, R.M., Buzetti, S., Sá, M.E. and Rodrigues, R.A.F. (2011) Combinações de fontes de nitrogênio no desenvolvimento e rendimento do feijoeiro [Combination of Nitrogen Sources on Common Bean Growth and Yield]. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 41, 391-398.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/pat.v41i3.12360 [4] Evangelista, J.R.E., Oliveira, J.A., Botelho, F.J.E., Carvalho, B.O., Vilela, F.L. and Oliveira, G.E. (2010) Qualidade fisiológica e produtividade de sementes de feijão oriundas de sementes tratadas com enraizante e nutrição mineral das plantas [Physiological Quality and Yield of Bean Seeds from the Seeds Treated with Rooter and Mineral Nutrition Plants]. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 34, 1664-1668.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542010000700013 [5] Malavolta, E. (2006) Manual de nutrição mineral de plantas [Manual of Plant Mineral Nutrition]. Agronômica Ceres, São Paulo. [6] Bevilaqua, G.A.P., Silva-Filho, P.M. and Possenti, J.C. (2002) Aplicação foliar de cálcio e boro e componentes de rendimento e qualidade de sementes de soja [Boron and Calcium Leaf Application and Yield Components and Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds]. Ciência Rural, 32, 31-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782002000100006 [7] Farinelli, R., Penariol F.G., Souza, F.S., Piedade, A.R. and Lemos, L.B. (2006) Características agronômicas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de feijão adubados via foliar com cálcio e boro [Agronomic Characteristics and Seed Physiological Quality of Common Bean Cultivars Fertilized by Foliar Application of Calcium and Boron]. Científica, 34, 59-65.
http://www.cientifica.org.br/index.php/cientifica/article/view/30 [8] Harter, F.S. andBarros, A.C.S.A. (2011) Cálcio e silícionaprodução e qualidade de sementes de soja [Calcium and Silicon on Production and Quality of Soybean Seeds]. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 33, 54-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222011000100006 [9] Silva, T.R.B., Soratto, R.P., Bíscaro, T. and Lemos, L.B. (2006) Aplicação foliar de boro e cálcio no feijoeiro [Boron and Calcium Foliar Application on Common Bean]. Científica, 34, 46-52.
http://www.cientifica.org.br/index.php/cientifica/article/view/28 [10] Agarwala, S.C., Sharma, C.P., Farooq, S. and Chatterjee, C. (1978) Effect of Molybdenum Deôciency on the Growth and Metabolism of Corn Plants Raised in Sand Culture. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 1905-1909.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b78-227 [11] da Silva, M.V., Andrade, M.J.B., Moraes, A.R. and Alves, V.G. (2003) Fontes e doses de molibdênio via foliar em duas cultivares de feijoeiro [Molybdenum Sources and Rates Applied on Leaves of Two Common Bean Cultivars]. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 27, 126-133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542003000100015 [12] Possenti, J.C. and Villela, F.A. (2010) Efeito do molibdênio aplicado via foliar e via sementes sobre o potencial fisiológico e produtividade de sementes de soja [The Effect of Molybdenum Applied by Foliar Spraying and Seed Treatment on the Physiological Potential and Productivity of Soybean Seeds]. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 32, 143-150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222010000400016 [13] Silva, A.C., Costa, D.S., Barbosa, R.M. and Lazarini, E. (2012) Cobalto e molibdênio via foliar em amendoim: Características agronômicas da produção e potencial fisiológico das sementes [Foliar Fertilization of Peanuts with Cobalt and Molybdenum: Agronomic Characteristics of Production and Physiological Potential of Seeds]. Biotemas, 25, 9-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n2p9 [14] Soil Survey Staff (2010) Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 11th Edition, USDA, Washington DC. [15] Embrapa (2006) Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos [Brazilian Soil Classification System]. Embrapa Produção da Informação&Embrapa Solos Brasília, Rio de Janeiro. [16] Costa, D.S., Barbosa, R.M. and de Sá, M.E. (2013) Weed Management and Its Relation to Yield and Seed Physiological Potential in Common Bean Cultivars. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 43, 147-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1983-40632013000200010 [17] Brasil (2009) Regras para análise de sementes [Rules for Seed Testing]. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento/Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária, Brasília. [18] Maguire, J.D. (1962) Speed of Germination—Aid in Selection and Evaluation for Seedling Emergence and Vigor. Crop Science, 2, 176-177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x [19] Hampton, J.M. and Tekrony, D.M. (1995) Handbook of Vigour Test Methods. 3rd Edition, ISTA, Zürich. [20] Kim, M.C., Chung, W.S., Yun, D.J. and Cho, M.J. (2009) Calcium and Calmodulin-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants. Molecular Plant, 2, 13-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssn091 [21] Rosolem, C.A., Boaretto, A.E. and Nakagawa, J. (1990) Adubação foliar do feijoeiro: VIII. Fontes e doses de calico [Foliar Aplication in Common Bean: VIII. Sources and Rates of Calcium]. Científica, 18, 81-86. [22] Souza, L.C.D., Sá, M.E., Carvalho, M.A.C. and Simidu, H.M. (2008) Produtividade de quatro cultivares de soja em função da aplicação de fertilizante mineral foliar a base de cálcio e boro [Soybean Seeds Yield of Four Cultivars as Function of the Leaf Mineral Fertilizer Application of Calcium and Boron]. Revista de Biologia e Ciência da Terra, 8, 37-44. [23] Ide, Y., Kusano, M., Oikawa, A., Fukushima, A., Tomatsu, H., Saito, K., Hirai, M.Y. and Fujiwara, T. (2011) Effects of Molybdenum Deficiency and Defects in Molybdate Transporter MOT1 on Transcript Accumulation and Nitrogen Sulphur Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 1483-1497.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq345 [24] Barbosa, G.F., Arf, O., Nascimento, M.S., Buzetti, S. and Freddi, O.S. (2010) Nitrogênio em cobertura e molibdênio foliar no feijoeiro de inverno [Side Dressing Nitrogen and Leaf Molybdenum in the Winter Common Bean Plant]. Acta Scientiarum, Agronomy, 32, 117-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v32i1.1605 [25] Nascimento, M.S., Arf, O., Barbosa, G.F., Buzetti, S., Nascimento, R.S. and Castro, R.M. (2009) [Nitrogênio em cobertura e molibdênio via foliar em feijoeiro de inverno no sistema plantio direto II: Características agronômicas e produtividade [Side Dressing Nitrogen and Leaf Molybdenum Application on Winter Common Bean Crop under No Tillage System II: Agronomic Characteristics and Yield]. Scientia Agraria, 10, 351-358.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=99512493002 [26] Ascoli, A.A., Soratto, R.P. and Maruyama, W.I. (2008) Aplicação foliar de molibdênio, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijoeiro irrigado [Molybdenum Leaf Application, Yield and Physiologic Quality of Irrigated Common Bean Seeds]. Bragantia, 67, 377-384.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052008000200013 [27] Bassan, D.A.Z., Arf, O., Buzetti, S., Carvalho, M.A.C., Santos, N.C.B. and Sá, M.E. (2001) Inoculação de sementes e aplicação de nitrogênio e molibdênio na cultura do feijão de inverno: Produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes [Seed Inoculation, Nitrogen and Molybdenum Applicationon a Winter Bean Crop: Production and Physiological Seed Quality]. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 23, 76-83.
[1] Oliveira, G.V., Carneiro, P.C.S., Carneiro, J.E.S. and Cruz, C.D. (2006) A daptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens de feijão comum em Minas Gerais [Adaptability and Stability of common bean in Minas Gerais State, Brazil]. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,41, 257-265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2006000200010 [2] Garcia, A., Souza, P.E., Pozza, E.A. and Santos, F.S. (2007) Influênciadas variáveis ambientais noprogresso da antracnose do feijoeiro e eficiência de tiofanato metílico + clorotalonil no controle da doença [Influence of the Environmental Variables in the Progress of Anthracnose of Bean and Efficiency of Thiophanate Methyl + Chlorothalonil in the Control of the Disease]. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 31, 1709-1715.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542007000600016 [3] Afonso, R.J., Arf, O., Costa, D.S., Barbosa, R.M., Buzetti, S., Sá, M.E. and Rodrigues, R.A.F. (2011) Combinações de fontes de nitrogênio no desenvolvimento e rendimento do feijoeiro [Combination of Nitrogen Sources on Common Bean Growth and Yield]. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 41, 391-398.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/pat.v41i3.12360 [4] Evangelista, J.R.E., Oliveira, J.A., Botelho, F.J.E., Carvalho, B.O., Vilela, F.L. and Oliveira, G.E. (2010) Qualidade fisiológica e produtividade de sementes de feijão oriundas de sementes tratadas com enraizante e nutrição mineral das plantas [Physiological Quality and Yield of Bean Seeds from the Seeds Treated with Rooter and Mineral Nutrition Plants]. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 34, 1664-1668.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542010000700013 [5] Malavolta, E. (2006) Manual de nutrição mineral de plantas [Manual of Plant Mineral Nutrition]. Agronômica Ceres, São Paulo. [6] Bevilaqua, G.A.P., Silva-Filho, P.M. and Possenti, J.C. (2002) Aplicação foliar de cálcio e boro e componentes de rendimento e qualidade de sementes de soja [Boron and Calcium Leaf Application and Yield Components and Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds]. Ciência Rural, 32, 31-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782002000100006 [7] Farinelli, R., Penariol F.G., Souza, F.S., Piedade, A.R. and Lemos, L.B. (2006) Características agronômicas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de feijão adubados via foliar com cálcio e boro [Agronomic Characteristics and Seed Physiological Quality of Common Bean Cultivars Fertilized by Foliar Application of Calcium and Boron]. Científica, 34, 59-65.
http://www.cientifica.org.br/index.php/cientifica/article/view/30 [8] Harter, F.S. andBarros, A.C.S.A. (2011) Cálcio e silícionaprodução e qualidade de sementes de soja [Calcium and Silicon on Production and Quality of Soybean Seeds]. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 33, 54-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222011000100006 [9] Silva, T.R.B., Soratto, R.P., Bíscaro, T. and Lemos, L.B. (2006) Aplicação foliar de boro e cálcio no feijoeiro [Boron and Calcium Foliar Application on Common Bean]. Científica, 34, 46-52.
http://www.cientifica.org.br/index.php/cientifica/article/view/28 [10] Agarwala, S.C., Sharma, C.P., Farooq, S. and Chatterjee, C. (1978) Effect of Molybdenum Deôciency on the Growth and Metabolism of Corn Plants Raised in Sand Culture. Canadian Journal of Botany, 56, 1905-1909.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b78-227 [11] da Silva, M.V., Andrade, M.J.B., Moraes, A.R. and Alves, V.G. (2003) Fontes e doses de molibdênio via foliar em duas cultivares de feijoeiro [Molybdenum Sources and Rates Applied on Leaves of Two Common Bean Cultivars]. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 27, 126-133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542003000100015 [12] Possenti, J.C. and Villela, F.A. (2010) Efeito do molibdênio aplicado via foliar e via sementes sobre o potencial fisiológico e produtividade de sementes de soja [The Effect of Molybdenum Applied by Foliar Spraying and Seed Treatment on the Physiological Potential and Productivity of Soybean Seeds]. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 32, 143-150.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-31222010000400016 [13] Silva, A.C., Costa, D.S., Barbosa, R.M. and Lazarini, E. (2012) Cobalto e molibdênio via foliar em amendoim: Características agronômicas da produção e potencial fisiológico das sementes [Foliar Fertilization of Peanuts with Cobalt and Molybdenum: Agronomic Characteristics of Production and Physiological Potential of Seeds]. Biotemas, 25, 9-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n2p9 [14] Soil Survey Staff (2010) Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 11th Edition, USDA, Washington DC. [15] Embrapa (2006) Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos [Brazilian Soil Classification System]. Embrapa Produção da Informação&Embrapa Solos Brasília, Rio de Janeiro. [16] Costa, D.S., Barbosa, R.M. and de Sá, M.E. (2013) Weed Management and Its Relation to Yield and Seed Physiological Potential in Common Bean Cultivars. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 43, 147-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1983-40632013000200010 [17] Brasil (2009) Regras para análise de sementes [Rules for Seed Testing]. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento/Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária, Brasília. [18] Maguire, J.D. (1962) Speed of Germination—Aid in Selection and Evaluation for Seedling Emergence and Vigor. Crop Science, 2, 176-177.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x [19] Hampton, J.M. and Tekrony, D.M. (1995) Handbook of Vigour Test Methods. 3rd Edition, ISTA, Zürich. [20] Kim, M.C., Chung, W.S., Yun, D.J. and Cho, M.J. (2009) Calcium and Calmodulin-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants. Molecular Plant, 2, 13-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssn091 [21] Rosolem, C.A., Boaretto, A.E. and Nakagawa, J. (1990) Adubação foliar do feijoeiro: VIII. Fontes e doses de calico [Foliar Aplication in Common Bean: VIII. Sources and Rates of Calcium]. Científica, 18, 81-86. [22] Souza, L.C.D., Sá, M.E., Carvalho, M.A.C. and Simidu, H.M. (2008) Produtividade de quatro cultivares de soja em função da aplicação de fertilizante mineral foliar a base de cálcio e boro [Soybean Seeds Yield of Four Cultivars as Function of the Leaf Mineral Fertilizer Application of Calcium and Boron]. Revista de Biologia e Ciência da Terra, 8, 37-44. [23] Ide, Y., Kusano, M., Oikawa, A., Fukushima, A., Tomatsu, H., Saito, K., Hirai, M.Y. and Fujiwara, T. (2011) Effects of Molybdenum Deficiency and Defects in Molybdate Transporter MOT1 on Transcript Accumulation and Nitrogen Sulphur Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 1483-1497.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq345 [24] Barbosa, G.F., Arf, O., Nascimento, M.S., Buzetti, S. and Freddi, O.S. (2010) Nitrogênio em cobertura e molibdênio foliar no feijoeiro de inverno [Side Dressing Nitrogen and Leaf Molybdenum in the Winter Common Bean Plant]. Acta Scientiarum, Agronomy, 32, 117-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v32i1.1605 [25] Nascimento, M.S., Arf, O., Barbosa, G.F., Buzetti, S., Nascimento, R.S. and Castro, R.M. (2009) [Nitrogênio em cobertura e molibdênio via foliar em feijoeiro de inverno no sistema plantio direto II: Características agronômicas e produtividade [Side Dressing Nitrogen and Leaf Molybdenum Application on Winter Common Bean Crop under No Tillage System II: Agronomic Characteristics and Yield]. Scientia Agraria, 10, 351-358.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=99512493002 [26] Ascoli, A.A., Soratto, R.P. and Maruyama, W.I. (2008) Aplicação foliar de molibdênio, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijoeiro irrigado [Molybdenum Leaf Application, Yield and Physiologic Quality of Irrigated Common Bean Seeds]. Bragantia, 67, 377-384.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052008000200013 [27] Bassan, D.A.Z., Arf, O., Buzetti, S., Carvalho, M.A.C., Santos, N.C.B. and Sá, M.E. (2001) Inoculação de sementes e aplicação de nitrogênio e molibdênio na cultura do feijão de inverno: Produção e qualidade fisiológica de sementes [Seed Inoculation, Nitrogen and Molybdenum Applicationon a Winter Bean Crop: Production and Physiological Seed Quality]. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 23, 76-83.