Laser Induced Fluorescence Studies of Blood Plasma and Tumor Tissue of Men with Prostate Tumors
Author(s)
Liana Ramishvili1,
Irma Bochorishvili1,
Nino Gabunia2,
Zurab Kuchukashvili1,
Manana Gordeziani1,
Teimuraz Chigogidze2,
Ana Khazaradze1,
Zaza Melikishvili3,
Nanuli Kotrikadze1*
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. 2 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. 3 Institute of Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia.
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. 2 Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. 3 Institute of Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Fluorescence spectroscopy which can be used for optical tissue diagnosis of tumor pathology deserves special interest. The purpose of the work was to study blood plasma and tumor tissue of men with different forms of prostate tumors by using laser induced fluorescence. Blood plasma and tumor tissue of the patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BHP), BHP with inflammation, BHP with high grade PIN (BHP with HGPIN) and adenocarcinoma of prostate (CaP) have been studied. Results: In case of blood plasma fluorescence, intensity of the plasma proteins corresponding peak (340 - 360 nm) was increasing in the following manner: control group → BHP → BHP with HGPIN → CaP. The intensity of the nicotinamide coenzymes correspond peak (440 - 460 nm) was increased in case of BHP with HGPIN and CaP patients, but decreased in case of BHP, compared to control. In case of tumor tissue, the changes of the collagen peak (390 - 400 nm) intensity have been revealed in all cases of prostate tumor tissues. These alterations point to altered collagen biosynthesis levels in different tumor tissues, that reflects the structural changes and characteristics of malignant transformation. Also the changes of the nicotinamide coenzymes peak (440 - 460 nm) intensity in all spectra of tumor tissues were observed. The highest intensity of the peak was observed in the spectra of BHP with HGPIN and in prostate cancer tissue. Conclusions: Alterations of the coenzymes peak intensities perfectly reflect and are in accordance with the specific energy metabolism of prostate epithelial cells. Normalization of fluorescent spectra from different forms of prostate tumor tissues has shown that, each form has typical spectral shape and ratio of fluorescence peaks intensities.
Objectives: Fluorescence spectroscopy which can be used for optical tissue diagnosis of tumor pathology deserves special interest. The purpose of the work was to study blood plasma and tumor tissue of men with different forms of prostate tumors by using laser induced fluorescence. Blood plasma and tumor tissue of the patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BHP), BHP with inflammation, BHP with high grade PIN (BHP with HGPIN) and adenocarcinoma of prostate (CaP) have been studied. Results: In case of blood plasma fluorescence, intensity of the plasma proteins corresponding peak (340 - 360 nm) was increasing in the following manner: control group → BHP → BHP with HGPIN → CaP. The intensity of the nicotinamide coenzymes correspond peak (440 - 460 nm) was increased in case of BHP with HGPIN and CaP patients, but decreased in case of BHP, compared to control. In case of tumor tissue, the changes of the collagen peak (390 - 400 nm) intensity have been revealed in all cases of prostate tumor tissues. These alterations point to altered collagen biosynthesis levels in different tumor tissues, that reflects the structural changes and characteristics of malignant transformation. Also the changes of the nicotinamide coenzymes peak (440 - 460 nm) intensity in all spectra of tumor tissues were observed. The highest intensity of the peak was observed in the spectra of BHP with HGPIN and in prostate cancer tissue. Conclusions: Alterations of the coenzymes peak intensities perfectly reflect and are in accordance with the specific energy metabolism of prostate epithelial cells. Normalization of fluorescent spectra from different forms of prostate tumor tissues has shown that, each form has typical spectral shape and ratio of fluorescence peaks intensities.
Cite this paper
Ramishvili, L. , Bochorishvili, I. , Gabunia, N. , Kuchukashvili, Z. , Gordeziani, M. , Chigogidze, T. , Khazaradze, A. , Melikishvili, Z. and Kotrikadze, N. (2014) Laser Induced Fluorescence Studies of Blood Plasma and Tumor Tissue of Men with Prostate Tumors. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 5, 1021-1030. doi: 10.4236/jct.2014.511107.
Ramishvili, L. , Bochorishvili, I. , Gabunia, N. , Kuchukashvili, Z. , Gordeziani, M. , Chigogidze, T. , Khazaradze, A. , Melikishvili, Z. and Kotrikadze, N. (2014) Laser Induced Fluorescence Studies of Blood Plasma and Tumor Tissue of Men with Prostate Tumors. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 5, 1021-1030. doi: 10.4236/jct.2014.511107.
References
[1] Khandrika, L., Kumar, B., Koul, S., Maroni, P. and Koul, H.K. (2009) Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Letters, 282, 125-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2008.12.011 [2] Grivas, N., Hastazeris, K., Kafarakis, V., et al. (2012) Prostate Cancer Epidemiology in a Rural Area of North Western Greece. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13, 999-1002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.3.999 [3] Dakubo, G.D., Parr, R.L., Costello, L.C., Franklin, R.B. and Thayer, R.E. (2006) Altered Metabolism and Mitochondrial Genome in Prostate Cancer. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 59, 10-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2005.027664 [4] Kotrikadze, N., Alibegashvili, M., Ramishvili, L., Gordeziani, M., Veshapidze, N., et al. (2012) Mitochondrial Defects and Their Role in Development of Prostate Cancer. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal, 3, 17-20. [5] Dronova, O.B., Tretyakov, A.A., Mishchenko, A.N. and Bulgakova, N.N. (2008) Laser Induced Autofluorescence of Normal and Metaplasic Epithelium of Esophagogastric Transition at Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. The Siberian Journal of Oncology, 4, 11-16. [6] Ramanujam, N. (2000) Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Tissue. Neoplasia, 2, 89-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.neo.7900077 [7] Arshakyan, Kh.A., Pushkarev, S.V., Polovnikov, E.S. and Meshalkin, Yu.P. (2007) Diagnostic Facilities of Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Cervix Uteri Swabs in Case of Oncology Diseases. Bulletin of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 1, 30-34. [8] Giorgadze, G.K., Jaliashvili, Z.V., Mardaleishvili, K.M., Medoidze, T.D. and Melikishvili, Z.G. (2006) Measurement of the Abnormality Degree in the Biological Tissue by the Laser Induced Fluorescence. Laser Physics Letters, 3, 89-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200510056 [9] Jaliashvili, Z.V., Medoidze, T.D., Mardaleishvili, K.M., Ramsden, J.J. and Melikishvili, Z.G. (2008) Laser Induced Fluorescence Model of Human Goiter. Laser Physics Letters, 5, 217-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200710102 [10] Grigorovich, N.A., Slobozhanina, E.I., Monastyrnaia, P.L. and Chernitski, E.A. (1988) A Method of Diagnosing Malignant Neoplasms Based on the Natural Fluorescence of the Blood Serum in the Ultraviolet and Visible Regions of the Spectrum [Article in Russian]. Voprosy Onkologii, 34, 664-668. [11] Borisenko, S.N., Kasymova, G.A. and Sorkin, V.M. (1988) Modified Albumin as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Test. Voprosy Onkologii, 34, 1123-1125. (In Russian) [12] Grigorev, M.E., Stepensky, A.B. and Lebedev, D.V. (2002) Specific Antigens in Screening and Monitoring of the Patients with Prostate Cancer. Urology, 2, 50-53. (In Russian) [13] Heeb, M.J. and Espa?a, F. (1998) ?2-Microglobulin and C1-Inactivator Are Plasma Inhibitors of Human Glandular Kalikrein. Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases, 24, 411-418.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcmd.1998.0209? [14] Grigorev, M.E., Mazo, E.B., et al. (1998) Dynamics of the PSA and It’s Molecular Forms with ?1-Antichymotrypsin in Patients with Prostate Benign Hyperplasia. Urologia, 1, 33-36. [15] Wajsman, Z. (2013) Prostate Cancer Recurrence—New Prognostic Factors Are Needed. Central European Journal of Urology, 66, 133-134. [16] Nicholson, J.P., Wolmarans, M.R. and Park, J.R. (2000) The Role of Albumin in Critical Illness. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 85, 599-610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/85.4.599 [17] Chigogidze, T., Bochorishvili, I., Alibegashvili, M., Zibzibadze, M., Ramishvili, L., Managadze, L., et al. (2009) Differential Scanning Microcalorimetric Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters of the Blood Plasma in Men with Prostate Tumors. Urology, 74, S198-S199. [18] Nawratil, P., Lenzen, S., Kellermann, J., Haupt, H., Schinke, T., Müller-Esterl, W., et al. (1996) Limited Proteolysis of Human ?2-HS Glycoprotein/Fetuin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 31735-31741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.49.31735 [19] Zynger, D.L. and Yang, X. (2009) High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Prostate: The Precursor Lesion of Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2, 327-338. [20] Kotrikadze, N., Alibegashvili, M., Zibzibadze, M., Abashidze, N., Chigogidze, T., et al. (2008) Activity and Content of Antioxidant Enzymes in Prostate Tumors. Experimental Oncology, 30, 1-4. [21] Singh, R. and Pathak, D.N. (1990) Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activities in FeCl3-Induced Epileptogenic Foci in the Rat Brain. Epilepsia, 31, 15-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05354.x [22] Ondei, L.S., Silveira, L.M., Leite, A.A., Souza, D.R., Pinhel, M.A., Percário, S., et al. (2009) Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Capacity of G6PD-Deficient Patients with A-(202G > A) Mutation. Genetics and Molecular Research, 8, 1345-1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol8-4gmr662 [23] Schomacker, K.T., Frisoli, J.K., Compton, C.C., Flotte, T.J., Richter, J.M., Nishioka, N.S., et al. (1992) Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Colonic Tissue: Basic Biology and Diagnostic Potential. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 12, 63-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2008.2255 [24] Chowdary, M.V., Mahato, K.K., Kumar, K.K., Mathew, S., Rao, L., Krishna, C.M., et al. (2009) Autofluorescence of Breast Tissues: Evaluation of Discriminating Algorithms for Diagnosis of Normal, Benign, and Malignant Conditions. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 27, 241-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2008.2255 [25] Lu, S.C. (2009) Regulation of Glutathione Synthesis. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 30, 42-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2008.05.005 [26] Zhang, Y., Tang, J., Liang, H.D., Lv, F.Q. and Song, Z.G. (2014) Transrectal Real-Time Tissue Elastography—An Effective Way to Distinguish Benign and Malignant Prostate Tumors. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 15, 1831-1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.4.1831 [27] Chissov, V.I., Sokolov, V.V., Bulgakova, N.N. and Filonenko, E.V. (2003) Fluorescence Endoscopy, Dermascopy and Spectrophotometry for Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors. Russian Journal of Biotherapy, 2, 45-56.
[1] Khandrika, L., Kumar, B., Koul, S., Maroni, P. and Koul, H.K. (2009) Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Letters, 282, 125-136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2008.12.011 [2] Grivas, N., Hastazeris, K., Kafarakis, V., et al. (2012) Prostate Cancer Epidemiology in a Rural Area of North Western Greece. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13, 999-1002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.3.999 [3] Dakubo, G.D., Parr, R.L., Costello, L.C., Franklin, R.B. and Thayer, R.E. (2006) Altered Metabolism and Mitochondrial Genome in Prostate Cancer. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 59, 10-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2005.027664 [4] Kotrikadze, N., Alibegashvili, M., Ramishvili, L., Gordeziani, M., Veshapidze, N., et al. (2012) Mitochondrial Defects and Their Role in Development of Prostate Cancer. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal, 3, 17-20. [5] Dronova, O.B., Tretyakov, A.A., Mishchenko, A.N. and Bulgakova, N.N. (2008) Laser Induced Autofluorescence of Normal and Metaplasic Epithelium of Esophagogastric Transition at Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. The Siberian Journal of Oncology, 4, 11-16. [6] Ramanujam, N. (2000) Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Tissue. Neoplasia, 2, 89-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.neo.7900077 [7] Arshakyan, Kh.A., Pushkarev, S.V., Polovnikov, E.S. and Meshalkin, Yu.P. (2007) Diagnostic Facilities of Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Cervix Uteri Swabs in Case of Oncology Diseases. Bulletin of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 1, 30-34. [8] Giorgadze, G.K., Jaliashvili, Z.V., Mardaleishvili, K.M., Medoidze, T.D. and Melikishvili, Z.G. (2006) Measurement of the Abnormality Degree in the Biological Tissue by the Laser Induced Fluorescence. Laser Physics Letters, 3, 89-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200510056 [9] Jaliashvili, Z.V., Medoidze, T.D., Mardaleishvili, K.M., Ramsden, J.J. and Melikishvili, Z.G. (2008) Laser Induced Fluorescence Model of Human Goiter. Laser Physics Letters, 5, 217-219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200710102 [10] Grigorovich, N.A., Slobozhanina, E.I., Monastyrnaia, P.L. and Chernitski, E.A. (1988) A Method of Diagnosing Malignant Neoplasms Based on the Natural Fluorescence of the Blood Serum in the Ultraviolet and Visible Regions of the Spectrum [Article in Russian]. Voprosy Onkologii, 34, 664-668. [11] Borisenko, S.N., Kasymova, G.A. and Sorkin, V.M. (1988) Modified Albumin as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Test. Voprosy Onkologii, 34, 1123-1125. (In Russian) [12] Grigorev, M.E., Stepensky, A.B. and Lebedev, D.V. (2002) Specific Antigens in Screening and Monitoring of the Patients with Prostate Cancer. Urology, 2, 50-53. (In Russian) [13] Heeb, M.J. and Espa?a, F. (1998) ?2-Microglobulin and C1-Inactivator Are Plasma Inhibitors of Human Glandular Kalikrein. Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases, 24, 411-418.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bcmd.1998.0209? [14] Grigorev, M.E., Mazo, E.B., et al. (1998) Dynamics of the PSA and It’s Molecular Forms with ?1-Antichymotrypsin in Patients with Prostate Benign Hyperplasia. Urologia, 1, 33-36. [15] Wajsman, Z. (2013) Prostate Cancer Recurrence—New Prognostic Factors Are Needed. Central European Journal of Urology, 66, 133-134. [16] Nicholson, J.P., Wolmarans, M.R. and Park, J.R. (2000) The Role of Albumin in Critical Illness. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 85, 599-610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/85.4.599 [17] Chigogidze, T., Bochorishvili, I., Alibegashvili, M., Zibzibadze, M., Ramishvili, L., Managadze, L., et al. (2009) Differential Scanning Microcalorimetric Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters of the Blood Plasma in Men with Prostate Tumors. Urology, 74, S198-S199. [18] Nawratil, P., Lenzen, S., Kellermann, J., Haupt, H., Schinke, T., Müller-Esterl, W., et al. (1996) Limited Proteolysis of Human ?2-HS Glycoprotein/Fetuin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 31735-31741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.49.31735 [19] Zynger, D.L. and Yang, X. (2009) High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Prostate: The Precursor Lesion of Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2, 327-338. [20] Kotrikadze, N., Alibegashvili, M., Zibzibadze, M., Abashidze, N., Chigogidze, T., et al. (2008) Activity and Content of Antioxidant Enzymes in Prostate Tumors. Experimental Oncology, 30, 1-4. [21] Singh, R. and Pathak, D.N. (1990) Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activities in FeCl3-Induced Epileptogenic Foci in the Rat Brain. Epilepsia, 31, 15-26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05354.x [22] Ondei, L.S., Silveira, L.M., Leite, A.A., Souza, D.R., Pinhel, M.A., Percário, S., et al. (2009) Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Capacity of G6PD-Deficient Patients with A-(202G > A) Mutation. Genetics and Molecular Research, 8, 1345-1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/vol8-4gmr662 [23] Schomacker, K.T., Frisoli, J.K., Compton, C.C., Flotte, T.J., Richter, J.M., Nishioka, N.S., et al. (1992) Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Colonic Tissue: Basic Biology and Diagnostic Potential. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 12, 63-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2008.2255 [24] Chowdary, M.V., Mahato, K.K., Kumar, K.K., Mathew, S., Rao, L., Krishna, C.M., et al. (2009) Autofluorescence of Breast Tissues: Evaluation of Discriminating Algorithms for Diagnosis of Normal, Benign, and Malignant Conditions. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 27, 241-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pho.2008.2255 [25] Lu, S.C. (2009) Regulation of Glutathione Synthesis. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 30, 42-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2008.05.005 [26] Zhang, Y., Tang, J., Liang, H.D., Lv, F.Q. and Song, Z.G. (2014) Transrectal Real-Time Tissue Elastography—An Effective Way to Distinguish Benign and Malignant Prostate Tumors. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 15, 1831-1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.4.1831 [27] Chissov, V.I., Sokolov, V.V., Bulgakova, N.N. and Filonenko, E.V. (2003) Fluorescence Endoscopy, Dermascopy and Spectrophotometry for Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors. Russian Journal of Biotherapy, 2, 45-56.