Preparation and Characterization of MMT Doped PVA/SA Polymer Composites
Affiliation(s)
1 Department of Physics, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore, India. 2 Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
1 Department of Physics, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore, India. 2 Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
ABSTRACT
Blends of PVA/SA polymer doped with Montmorillonite were prepared by solution casting technique. Doping of nanoparticles to the polymer matrix does affect the structural and conducting properties. To analyze such changes, these films were subjected to X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible absorbance and impedance analysis. Microstructural parameters were computed using in-house program employing X-ray data. Electrical conductivity of these polymer composites was derived using obtained impedance values to understand the conducting property. The results thus obtained are reported in this work.
Blends of PVA/SA polymer doped with Montmorillonite were prepared by solution casting technique. Doping of nanoparticles to the polymer matrix does affect the structural and conducting properties. To analyze such changes, these films were subjected to X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible absorbance and impedance analysis. Microstructural parameters were computed using in-house program employing X-ray data. Electrical conductivity of these polymer composites was derived using obtained impedance values to understand the conducting property. The results thus obtained are reported in this work.
Cite this paper
Hemalatha, K. , Somashekarappa, H. and Somashekar, R. (2014) Preparation and Characterization of MMT Doped PVA/SA Polymer Composites. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 4, 172-178. doi: 10.4236/ampc.2014.49020.
Hemalatha, K. , Somashekarappa, H. and Somashekar, R. (2014) Preparation and Characterization of MMT Doped PVA/SA Polymer Composites. Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry, 4, 172-178. doi: 10.4236/ampc.2014.49020.
References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00057-5 [3] Zhu, J., Uhl, F.M., Morgan, A.B. and Wilkie, C.A. (2001) Studies on the Mechanism by Which the Formation of Nanocomposites Enhances Thermal Stability. Chemistry of Materials, 13, 4649-4654.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm010451y [4] Huynh, W.U., Dittmer, J.J. and Alivisatos, A.P. (2002) Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells. Science, 295, 2425-2427.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1069156 [5] Brosseau, C., Queffelec, P. and Talbot, P. (2001) Microwave Characterization of Filled Polymers. Journal of Applied Physics, 89, 4532-4540.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1343521 [6] Beecroft, L.L. and Ober, C.K. (1997) Nanocomposite Materials for Optical Applications. Chemistry of Materials, 9, 1302-1317.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm960441a [7] Kumar, R.V., Elgamiel, R., Diamant, Y., Gedanken, A. and Norwig, J. (2001) Sonochemical Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Copper Oxide Embedded in Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Its Effect on Crystal Growth of Copper Oxide. Langmuir, 17, 1406-1410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la001331s [8] Devi, C.U., Sharma, A.K. and Rao, V.V.R.V. (2002) Electrical and Optical Properties of Pure and Silver Nitrate-Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Films. Materials Letters, 56, 167.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00434-2 [9] Thejas Urs, G., Nanda Prakash, M.B., Ananda, H.T. and Somashekar, R. (2014) Radial Distribution Studies on Water Soluble Polymers Using XRD Line Profile Data. Solid State Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1591, 170-171. [10] Nanda Prakash, M.B., Thejas Urs, G., Anand, H.T. and Somashekar, R. (2014) Pair Correlation Studies of CdCl2 Doped PVA Polymer Films Using X-Ray Data. Solid State Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1591, 816-818.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4872766 [11] Hassan, C.M. and Peppas, N.A. (2000) Structure and Applications of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels Produced by Conventional Crosslinking or by Freezing/Thawing Methods. Advances in Polymer Science, 153, 37-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46414-X_2 [12] Kokabi, M., Sirousazar, M. and Hassan, Z.M. (2007) PVA-Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Wound Dressing. European Polymer Journal, 43, 773-781.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.11.030 [13] Nagura, M., Hamano, T. and Ishikawa, H. (1989) Structure of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Prepared by Repeated Freezing and Melting. Polymer, 30, 762-765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90169-9 [14] Bhattarai, N. and Zhang, M. (2007) Controlled Synthesis and Structural Stability of Alginate-Based Nanofibers. Nanotechnology, 18, 455-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/45/455601 [15] Sennerby, L., Rostlund, T., Albrektsson, B. and Albrektsson, T. (1987) Acute Tissue Reactions to Potassium Alginate with and without Colour/Flavor Additives. Biomaterials, 8, 49-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(87)90029-9 [16] Li, Z.S., Ramay, H.R., Hauch, K.D., Xiao, D. and Zhang, M. (2005) Chitosan Alginate Hybrid Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials, 26, 3919-3928.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.062 [17] Sanderson, R.D., Immelman, E., Bezuidenhout, D., Jacobs, E.P. and Van Reenen, A.J. (1993) Polyvinyl Alcohol and Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol Reverse Osmosis Membranes. Desalination, 90, 15-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(93)80161-F [18] Somashekar, R., Hall, J.H. and Carr, P.D. (1989) The Determination of Crystal Size and Disorder from X-Ray Diffraction Photographs of Polymer Fibres. 1. The Accuracy of Determination of Fourier Coefficients of the Intensity Profile of a Reflection. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 22, 363-371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889004085 [19] Hall, J.H. and Somashekar, R. (1991) The Determination of Crystal Size and Disorder from the X-Ray Diffraction Photograph of Polymer Fibres. 2. Modelling Intensity Profiles. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 24, 1051-1059.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889891007707 [20] Qian, X.M., Gu, N.Y., Cheng, Z.L., Yang, X.R., Wang, E. and Dong, S.J. (2001) Methods to Study the Ionic Conductivity of Polymeric Electrolytes Using a.c. Impedance Spectroscopy. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 6, 8-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080000190 [21] Abdelaziz, M. and Abdelrazek, E.M. (2007) Effect of Dopant Mixture on Structural, Optical and Electron Spin Resonance Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol. Physica B, 390, 1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.07.067 [22] Laot, C.M., Marand, E. and Oyama, H.T. (1999) Spectroscopic Characterization of Molecular Inter Diffusion at a Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone)/Vinyl Ester Interface. Polymer, 40, 1095-1108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)80003-7 [23] Kevadiya, B.D., Patel, H.A., Joshi, G.V., Abdi, S.G.R. and Bajaj, H.C. (2010) Montmorillonite-Alginate Composites as a Drug Delivery System: Intercalation and in Vitro Release of Diclofenac Sodium. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72, 732-737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.84582
[1] Utracki, L.A. and Favis, B.D. (1989) Polymer Alloys and Blends. In: Cheremisinoff, N.P., Ed., Hand Book of Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. 4, Marcel Dekker, New York, 121-202. [2] Toutanji, H. and Ortiz, G. (2001) The Effect of Surface Preparation on the Bond Interface between FRP Sheets and Concrete Members. Composite Structures, 53, 457-462.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00057-5 [3] Zhu, J., Uhl, F.M., Morgan, A.B. and Wilkie, C.A. (2001) Studies on the Mechanism by Which the Formation of Nanocomposites Enhances Thermal Stability. Chemistry of Materials, 13, 4649-4654.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm010451y [4] Huynh, W.U., Dittmer, J.J. and Alivisatos, A.P. (2002) Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells. Science, 295, 2425-2427.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1069156 [5] Brosseau, C., Queffelec, P. and Talbot, P. (2001) Microwave Characterization of Filled Polymers. Journal of Applied Physics, 89, 4532-4540.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1343521 [6] Beecroft, L.L. and Ober, C.K. (1997) Nanocomposite Materials for Optical Applications. Chemistry of Materials, 9, 1302-1317.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm960441a [7] Kumar, R.V., Elgamiel, R., Diamant, Y., Gedanken, A. and Norwig, J. (2001) Sonochemical Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Copper Oxide Embedded in Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Its Effect on Crystal Growth of Copper Oxide. Langmuir, 17, 1406-1410.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la001331s [8] Devi, C.U., Sharma, A.K. and Rao, V.V.R.V. (2002) Electrical and Optical Properties of Pure and Silver Nitrate-Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Films. Materials Letters, 56, 167.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)00434-2 [9] Thejas Urs, G., Nanda Prakash, M.B., Ananda, H.T. and Somashekar, R. (2014) Radial Distribution Studies on Water Soluble Polymers Using XRD Line Profile Data. Solid State Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1591, 170-171. [10] Nanda Prakash, M.B., Thejas Urs, G., Anand, H.T. and Somashekar, R. (2014) Pair Correlation Studies of CdCl2 Doped PVA Polymer Films Using X-Ray Data. Solid State Physics, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1591, 816-818.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4872766 [11] Hassan, C.M. and Peppas, N.A. (2000) Structure and Applications of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels Produced by Conventional Crosslinking or by Freezing/Thawing Methods. Advances in Polymer Science, 153, 37-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46414-X_2 [12] Kokabi, M., Sirousazar, M. and Hassan, Z.M. (2007) PVA-Clay Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Wound Dressing. European Polymer Journal, 43, 773-781.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.11.030 [13] Nagura, M., Hamano, T. and Ishikawa, H. (1989) Structure of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Prepared by Repeated Freezing and Melting. Polymer, 30, 762-765.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90169-9 [14] Bhattarai, N. and Zhang, M. (2007) Controlled Synthesis and Structural Stability of Alginate-Based Nanofibers. Nanotechnology, 18, 455-601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/45/455601 [15] Sennerby, L., Rostlund, T., Albrektsson, B. and Albrektsson, T. (1987) Acute Tissue Reactions to Potassium Alginate with and without Colour/Flavor Additives. Biomaterials, 8, 49-52.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(87)90029-9 [16] Li, Z.S., Ramay, H.R., Hauch, K.D., Xiao, D. and Zhang, M. (2005) Chitosan Alginate Hybrid Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials, 26, 3919-3928.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.062 [17] Sanderson, R.D., Immelman, E., Bezuidenhout, D., Jacobs, E.P. and Van Reenen, A.J. (1993) Polyvinyl Alcohol and Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol Reverse Osmosis Membranes. Desalination, 90, 15-29.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(93)80161-F [18] Somashekar, R., Hall, J.H. and Carr, P.D. (1989) The Determination of Crystal Size and Disorder from X-Ray Diffraction Photographs of Polymer Fibres. 1. The Accuracy of Determination of Fourier Coefficients of the Intensity Profile of a Reflection. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 22, 363-371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889889004085 [19] Hall, J.H. and Somashekar, R. (1991) The Determination of Crystal Size and Disorder from the X-Ray Diffraction Photograph of Polymer Fibres. 2. Modelling Intensity Profiles. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 24, 1051-1059.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889891007707 [20] Qian, X.M., Gu, N.Y., Cheng, Z.L., Yang, X.R., Wang, E. and Dong, S.J. (2001) Methods to Study the Ionic Conductivity of Polymeric Electrolytes Using a.c. Impedance Spectroscopy. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 6, 8-15.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100080000190 [21] Abdelaziz, M. and Abdelrazek, E.M. (2007) Effect of Dopant Mixture on Structural, Optical and Electron Spin Resonance Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol. Physica B, 390, 1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.07.067 [22] Laot, C.M., Marand, E. and Oyama, H.T. (1999) Spectroscopic Characterization of Molecular Inter Diffusion at a Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone)/Vinyl Ester Interface. Polymer, 40, 1095-1108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(98)80003-7 [23] Kevadiya, B.D., Patel, H.A., Joshi, G.V., Abdi, S.G.R. and Bajaj, H.C. (2010) Montmorillonite-Alginate Composites as a Drug Delivery System: Intercalation and in Vitro Release of Diclofenac Sodium. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72, 732-737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.84582