Corporate Social Responsibility
Affiliation(s)
1 National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. 2 Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Taiwan.
1 National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Taiwan. 2 Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Taiwan.
ABSTRACT
Enterprises should not only be profitable tools, but also be responsible citizenships. Corporate practices need a world structure to exceed imposed standards, go beyond present governments, and set goals for sustainable development. Multinational enterprises are responsive to the stake-holders’ needs. Therefore, enterprises must focus on productive stakes in the global economy, and include social responsibility “which creates long-term sustainability for corporate success by meeting the needs of all suppliers, investors and employees” into their ownership advantage. The perspective and implementation of CSR has important consequences for Multinational Enterprises through FDI in fostering development. This paper addresses the implication that pays attention to the active and passive ways of CSR in which MNEs or the Pre-MNEs can be affected in sustainable development. In order to promote awareness of the citizenship and incorporate SR practices into the workplace, qualitative and quantitative surveys were made. Generally, it can capitalize further from CSR real implementation, and other conclusions are also obtained from the analysis.
Enterprises should not only be profitable tools, but also be responsible citizenships. Corporate practices need a world structure to exceed imposed standards, go beyond present governments, and set goals for sustainable development. Multinational enterprises are responsive to the stake-holders’ needs. Therefore, enterprises must focus on productive stakes in the global economy, and include social responsibility “which creates long-term sustainability for corporate success by meeting the needs of all suppliers, investors and employees” into their ownership advantage. The perspective and implementation of CSR has important consequences for Multinational Enterprises through FDI in fostering development. This paper addresses the implication that pays attention to the active and passive ways of CSR in which MNEs or the Pre-MNEs can be affected in sustainable development. In order to promote awareness of the citizenship and incorporate SR practices into the workplace, qualitative and quantitative surveys were made. Generally, it can capitalize further from CSR real implementation, and other conclusions are also obtained from the analysis.
KEYWORDS
Corporate Social Responsibility, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), Global, Sustainability, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Corporate Social Responsibility, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), Global, Sustainability, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Cite this paper
Tai, F. and Chuang, S. (2014) Corporate Social Responsibility. iBusiness, 6, 117-130. doi: 10.4236/ib.2014.63013.
Tai, F. and Chuang, S. (2014) Corporate Social Responsibility. iBusiness, 6, 117-130. doi: 10.4236/ib.2014.63013.
References
[1] Zhu, P.X. and Lin, J.Q. (2014) Vietnamese Official’s Guarantee of Peace Still Make Taiwanese Businessmen Uneasy. Liberty Times Newsletter, 18 May 2014.
http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/779997 [2] Wikipedia (2014) Corporate Social Responsibility. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility [3] Department of Investment Services Ministry of Economic Affairs (2012) CSR in Taiwan (2014).
http://csr.moea.gov.tw/main.aspx [4] Chen, C.H. (2011) The Major Components of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Global Responsibility, 2, 85-99.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20412561111128546 [5] Esen, E. (2013) The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities on Building Corporate Reputation. In: Gonzalez-perez, M.A. and Leonard, L., Eds., International Business, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (Advances in Sustainability and Environmental Justice), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 133-150. [6] Gonzalez-Perez, M.A. (2013) Corporate Social Responsibility and International Business: A Conceptual Overview. In: Gonzalez-perez, M.A. and Leonard, L., Eds., International Business, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (Advances in Sustainability and Environmental Justice), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1-35. [7] Common Wealth (2013) Excellent in Corporate Social Responsibility. http://topic.cw.com.tw/csr/retrospect-2013.aspx [8] Dunning, J.H. (2000) The Eclectic Paradigm as an Envelope for Economic and Business Theories of MNE Activity. International Business Review, 9, 163-190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(99)00035-9
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/09695931/2000/00000009/00000002/art00035 [9] Wells Jr., L.T. (1977) Negotiating with Third World Governments. Harvard Business Review, 55, No. 1 (January-February 1977).
http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=11111 [10] Diversity at SCE Training Course from Southern California Edison (SCE) (2004) Diversity & Inclusion: The Business Reasons. [11] Marketing Week (2007) Coke’s CSR Focus: Better Late than Never. Marketing Week (01419285), 30, 9. [12] Du, S., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Sen, S. (2007) Reaping Relational Rewards from Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Competitive Positioning. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24, 224-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2007.01.001 [13] Siegel, D.S. and Vitaliano, D.F. (2007) An Empirical Analysis of the Strategic Use of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 16, 773-792.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2007.00157.x [14] Fielding, M. (2007) Companies that Behave Responsibly Earn Good Rep, Consumers’ Attention. Marketing News, 41, 17-18. [15] Webb, D.J., Mohr, L.A. and Harris, K.E. (2008) A Re-Examination of Socially Responsible Consumption and Its Measurement. Journal of Business Research, 61, 91-98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.007 [16] Mahajan (2001) Enron Debacle Not to Hit Foreign Investment: Mahajan.
http://www.rediff.com/money/2001/jun/29enron.htm [17] Onstad, K. (2005) Texas Justice-Alex Gibney Chronicles the Enron Scandal. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/film/enron.html [18] Roberts, J.A. (1996) Will the Real Socially Responsible Consumer Please Step Forward? Business Horizons, 39, 79-83. [19] Bird, F. and Smucker, J. (2007) The Social Responsibilities of International Business Firms in Developing Areas. Journal of Business Ethics, 73, 1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9192-4 [20] Department of Investment Services Ministry of Economic Affairs (2012) Companies Use Green Reform in Response to Rising Issue.
http://csr.moea.gov.tw/articles/articles_content.aspx?ID=MjAwMDAyNA== [21] Ness, M.R. (1992) Corporate Social Responsibility. British Food Journal, 94, 38-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709210019022 [22] McKelvey, C. (2007) Why Green Window Dressing Is no Longer Enough. Precision Marketing, 19, 12. [23] White Bardwell, J. (2007) Tis the Green Season. Marketing Magazine, 112, 12-14. [24] Seckler, V. (2007) Wal-Mart Gets High Marks in Social Awareness Survey. WWD: Women’s Wear Daily, 194, 10. [25] Pesse, M. (2007) Addressing the Trust Issue: From Share of Voice to Share of Care. Journal of Medical Marketing, 7, 303-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jmm.5050110 [26] Freestone, O.M. and McGoldrick, P.J. (2007) Motivations of the Ethical Consumer. Journal of Business Ethics, 79, 445-467.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9409-1 [27] Schwepker Jr., C.H. and Good, D.J. (2007) Sales Management’s Influence on Employment and Training in Developing an Ethical Sales Force. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 27, 325-339.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134270404 [28] TSMC (2014) Enterprise’s Responsibility. http://www.tsmc.com.tw/chinese/csr/index.htm [29] CommonWealth (2013) CSR Demand. http://topic.cw.com.tw/csr/about-2.aspx [30] Ethics World (2007) Key Differences Seen in CSR Performance by Companies from Different Countries—Ethical Investment Research Services Releases International Survey Findings.
http://www.ethicsworld.org/corporatesocialresponsibility/surveysandtrends.php [31] UNIDO (2007) UNIDO Initiative Aims to Develop CSR Awareness Among European SMEs. Ethics World.
http://www.ethicsworld.org/corporatesocialresponsibility/ngoinitiatives.php [32] Guo, T.M. (2006) Taiwan Famous Entrepreneur—The President of Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Guo Wants to be the Boss of Magnesium Shanxi.
https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=%E9%83%AD%E5%8F%B0%E9%8A%98&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=un
iv&sa=X&ei=6PcGVJv8H8vM8gW04oHADw&ved=0CJIBEIke&biw=1016&bih=936 [33] Hon Hai (2014) Taiwan Famous Entreprise—Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/hon-hai-precision-industry-co-ltd-history/ [34] Ethics World (2014) CSR around the World: A Seven Country Study, Study from the Society for Human Resource Management Shows Brazil Leads in Prevalence of CSR Practices.
http://www.ethicsworld.org/corporatesocialresponsibility/surveysandtrends.php [35] Kelly, L. (2008) A Great Faculty of DBA Program (Strategic Management) of Marshall Goldsmith School of Management of Alliant International University, San Diego. [36] Michelman, P. (2004) How Will You Turn Top-Level Strategy into Unit-Level Action. Harvard Management Update, Issue 3, EBSCO Database. [37] Berrio, I. (2005) Public Utilities Commission of the State of California. Advice No. 3496 Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) to File a Compliance Advice Letter each May 1 to Calculate. The Commission Issued D. 05-03-023 Regarding the Post-Test Year 2004.
www.socalgas.com/regulatory/tariffs/tm2/pdf/3496.pdf
[1] Zhu, P.X. and Lin, J.Q. (2014) Vietnamese Official’s Guarantee of Peace Still Make Taiwanese Businessmen Uneasy. Liberty Times Newsletter, 18 May 2014.
http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/779997 [2] Wikipedia (2014) Corporate Social Responsibility. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility [3] Department of Investment Services Ministry of Economic Affairs (2012) CSR in Taiwan (2014).
http://csr.moea.gov.tw/main.aspx [4] Chen, C.H. (2011) The Major Components of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Global Responsibility, 2, 85-99.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20412561111128546 [5] Esen, E. (2013) The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities on Building Corporate Reputation. In: Gonzalez-perez, M.A. and Leonard, L., Eds., International Business, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (Advances in Sustainability and Environmental Justice), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 133-150. [6] Gonzalez-Perez, M.A. (2013) Corporate Social Responsibility and International Business: A Conceptual Overview. In: Gonzalez-perez, M.A. and Leonard, L., Eds., International Business, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (Advances in Sustainability and Environmental Justice), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 1-35. [7] Common Wealth (2013) Excellent in Corporate Social Responsibility. http://topic.cw.com.tw/csr/retrospect-2013.aspx [8] Dunning, J.H. (2000) The Eclectic Paradigm as an Envelope for Economic and Business Theories of MNE Activity. International Business Review, 9, 163-190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(99)00035-9
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/09695931/2000/00000009/00000002/art00035 [9] Wells Jr., L.T. (1977) Negotiating with Third World Governments. Harvard Business Review, 55, No. 1 (January-February 1977).
http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=11111 [10] Diversity at SCE Training Course from Southern California Edison (SCE) (2004) Diversity & Inclusion: The Business Reasons. [11] Marketing Week (2007) Coke’s CSR Focus: Better Late than Never. Marketing Week (01419285), 30, 9. [12] Du, S., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Sen, S. (2007) Reaping Relational Rewards from Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Competitive Positioning. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 24, 224-241.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2007.01.001 [13] Siegel, D.S. and Vitaliano, D.F. (2007) An Empirical Analysis of the Strategic Use of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 16, 773-792.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2007.00157.x [14] Fielding, M. (2007) Companies that Behave Responsibly Earn Good Rep, Consumers’ Attention. Marketing News, 41, 17-18. [15] Webb, D.J., Mohr, L.A. and Harris, K.E. (2008) A Re-Examination of Socially Responsible Consumption and Its Measurement. Journal of Business Research, 61, 91-98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.007 [16] Mahajan (2001) Enron Debacle Not to Hit Foreign Investment: Mahajan.
http://www.rediff.com/money/2001/jun/29enron.htm [17] Onstad, K. (2005) Texas Justice-Alex Gibney Chronicles the Enron Scandal. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/film/enron.html [18] Roberts, J.A. (1996) Will the Real Socially Responsible Consumer Please Step Forward? Business Horizons, 39, 79-83. [19] Bird, F. and Smucker, J. (2007) The Social Responsibilities of International Business Firms in Developing Areas. Journal of Business Ethics, 73, 1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9192-4 [20] Department of Investment Services Ministry of Economic Affairs (2012) Companies Use Green Reform in Response to Rising Issue.
http://csr.moea.gov.tw/articles/articles_content.aspx?ID=MjAwMDAyNA== [21] Ness, M.R. (1992) Corporate Social Responsibility. British Food Journal, 94, 38-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709210019022 [22] McKelvey, C. (2007) Why Green Window Dressing Is no Longer Enough. Precision Marketing, 19, 12. [23] White Bardwell, J. (2007) Tis the Green Season. Marketing Magazine, 112, 12-14. [24] Seckler, V. (2007) Wal-Mart Gets High Marks in Social Awareness Survey. WWD: Women’s Wear Daily, 194, 10. [25] Pesse, M. (2007) Addressing the Trust Issue: From Share of Voice to Share of Care. Journal of Medical Marketing, 7, 303-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jmm.5050110 [26] Freestone, O.M. and McGoldrick, P.J. (2007) Motivations of the Ethical Consumer. Journal of Business Ethics, 79, 445-467.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9409-1 [27] Schwepker Jr., C.H. and Good, D.J. (2007) Sales Management’s Influence on Employment and Training in Developing an Ethical Sales Force. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 27, 325-339.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134270404 [28] TSMC (2014) Enterprise’s Responsibility. http://www.tsmc.com.tw/chinese/csr/index.htm [29] CommonWealth (2013) CSR Demand. http://topic.cw.com.tw/csr/about-2.aspx [30] Ethics World (2007) Key Differences Seen in CSR Performance by Companies from Different Countries—Ethical Investment Research Services Releases International Survey Findings.
http://www.ethicsworld.org/corporatesocialresponsibility/surveysandtrends.php [31] UNIDO (2007) UNIDO Initiative Aims to Develop CSR Awareness Among European SMEs. Ethics World.
http://www.ethicsworld.org/corporatesocialresponsibility/ngoinitiatives.php [32] Guo, T.M. (2006) Taiwan Famous Entrepreneur—The President of Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Guo Wants to be the Boss of Magnesium Shanxi.
https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=%E9%83%AD%E5%8F%B0%E9%8A%98&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=un
iv&sa=X&ei=6PcGVJv8H8vM8gW04oHADw&ved=0CJIBEIke&biw=1016&bih=936 [33] Hon Hai (2014) Taiwan Famous Entreprise—Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/hon-hai-precision-industry-co-ltd-history/ [34] Ethics World (2014) CSR around the World: A Seven Country Study, Study from the Society for Human Resource Management Shows Brazil Leads in Prevalence of CSR Practices.
http://www.ethicsworld.org/corporatesocialresponsibility/surveysandtrends.php [35] Kelly, L. (2008) A Great Faculty of DBA Program (Strategic Management) of Marshall Goldsmith School of Management of Alliant International University, San Diego. [36] Michelman, P. (2004) How Will You Turn Top-Level Strategy into Unit-Level Action. Harvard Management Update, Issue 3, EBSCO Database. [37] Berrio, I. (2005) Public Utilities Commission of the State of California. Advice No. 3496 Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) to File a Compliance Advice Letter each May 1 to Calculate. The Commission Issued D. 05-03-023 Regarding the Post-Test Year 2004.
www.socalgas.com/regulatory/tariffs/tm2/pdf/3496.pdf