Seasonal Variation in a Hymenopterous Parasitoid, Holcotetrastichus rhosaces (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Tetrastichinae), on Its Hosts, Cassida nebulosa L. and C. piperata Hope (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Sendai, Northeastern Area of Japan
Author(s)
Atsuhiko Nagasawa*
Affiliation(s)
Laboratory of Insect Science and Bioregulation, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Laboratory of Insect Science and Bioregulation, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the seasonal variation of parasitism on Cassida nebulosa L. and C. piperata Hope, this research was conducted at the experimental field of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, where these tortoise beetles were parasitized by hymenopterous parasitoid Holcotetrastichus rhosaces (Walker). Percentage parasitism started to increase from the middle of July and reached nearly 100% in August. Adults of H. rhosaces emerged from the pre-pupae of the tortoise beetles, with 6 to 30 adults emerging per pre-pupae. The second generation of C. nebulosa and C. piperata was heavily parasitized by H. rhosaces. The adults of these tortoise beetles were rarely found in the field during late summer due to the high rates of parasitism.
To investigate the seasonal variation of parasitism on Cassida nebulosa L. and C. piperata Hope, this research was conducted at the experimental field of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, where these tortoise beetles were parasitized by hymenopterous parasitoid Holcotetrastichus rhosaces (Walker). Percentage parasitism started to increase from the middle of July and reached nearly 100% in August. Adults of H. rhosaces emerged from the pre-pupae of the tortoise beetles, with 6 to 30 adults emerging per pre-pupae. The second generation of C. nebulosa and C. piperata was heavily parasitized by H. rhosaces. The adults of these tortoise beetles were rarely found in the field during late summer due to the high rates of parasitism.
Cite this paper
Nagasawa, A. (2014) Seasonal Variation in a Hymenopterous Parasitoid, Holcotetrastichus rhosaces (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Tetrastichinae), on Its Hosts, Cassida nebulosa L. and C. piperata Hope (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Sendai, Northeastern Area of Japan. Advances in Entomology, 2, 176-179. doi: 10.4236/ae.2014.24026.
Nagasawa, A. (2014) Seasonal Variation in a Hymenopterous Parasitoid, Holcotetrastichus rhosaces (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Tetrastichinae), on Its Hosts, Cassida nebulosa L. and C. piperata Hope (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Sendai, Northeastern Area of Japan. Advances in Entomology, 2, 176-179. doi: 10.4236/ae.2014.24026.
References
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[1] Kimoto, S. (1962) A Phylogenic Consideration of Chrysomelinae Based on Immature Stages of Japanese Species (Coleoptera). Journal of the Faculty Agriculture, 12, 67-116. [2] Kimoto, S. and Takizawa, H. (1994) Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. [3] Habu, A. (1960) A Revision of the Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) of Japan, with Descriptions of Sixteen New Species. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Series C, 11, 131-363. [4] Habu, A. (1962) Chalcididae, Leucospididae, and Podagrionidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna Japonica. Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo. [5] Yamazaki, K. (2001) Cassida piperata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae): A New Host of Brachymeria inermis (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae). Elytra, 29, 40. [6] Yamazaki, K. and Sugiura, S. (2002) A New Record of a Parasitoid Reared from the Tortoise Leaf Beetle Cassida piperata (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Elytra, 30, 454. [7] Nagasawa, A., Konno, Y. and Matsuda, K. (2003) New Record of Holcotetrastichus rhosaces (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulopidae), a Hymenopterous Parasitoid of Cassida nebulosa L. and C. piperata Hope (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 6, 117-118. [8] Domenichini, G. (1966) Hym. Eulophidae, Palearctic Tetrastichinae. In: Delucchi, V. and Remaudiere, G., Eds., Index of Entomohpagous Insects, Le François, Paris, 1-101. [9] Graham, M.W.R.D.V. (1991) A Reclassification of the Europian Tetrastichinae: Revision of the Remaining Genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 49, 1-322. [10] Ikeda, E. (1997) Three Species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), Newly Recorded from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 65, 186-192. [11] Ohsaki, N. and Saito, Y. (1994) Food Plant Choice of Pieris Butterflies as A Trade-Off between Parasitoid Avoidance and Quality of Plants. Ecology, 75, 59-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939382